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Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Jun 2022Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are currently the predominant bacterial pathogens in patients with cancer. Many GNB have become problematic due to the widespread emergence...
OBJECTIVES
Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are currently the predominant bacterial pathogens in patients with cancer. Many GNB have become problematic due to the widespread emergence of resistance. Imipenem/relebactam (IMI/REL) is a combination of the carbapenem imipenem with relebactam, a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor. It is active against most pathogenic GNB including many that are resistant to other agents. We compared its in vitro activity to six other agents against 490 GNB recovered exclusively from patients with cancer because such data are scarce.
METHODS
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) microbroth dilution methods were used for susceptibility testing. Whole genome sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) was performed on 30 selected isolates.
RESULTS
IMI/REL was active against 98% of Enterobacterales and 87% of non-Enterobacterales isolates (excluding Stenotrophomonas maltophilia). It had potent activity against extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other Enterobacterales (Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter Spp., and Serratia Spp.) and moderate activity against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. IMI/REL had potent activity against Achromobacter Spp., non-multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Sphingomonas paucimobilis and moderate activity against multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa. Overall, IMI/REL was associated with the lowest number of nonsusceptible isolates compared with six other agents (imipenem, meropenem, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, amikacin, and tigecycline) commonly used in patients with cancer. Whole genome sequencing performed on 30 resistant isolates (10 each of E. coli, K. pneumonia, and P. aeruginosa) did not reveal any predominant mechanism of resistance to IMI/REL.
CONCLUSION
Its in vitro activity indicates that IMI/REL might have a role to play in the treatment of Gram-negative infections in patients with cancer.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbapenems; Escherichia coli; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Imipenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neoplasms; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 35121163
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.01.020 -
Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and... May 2023
PubMed: 37126159
DOI: 10.1186/s12348-023-00346-1 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Aug 2019Lignostilbene-α,β-dioxygenase A (LsdA) from the bacterium TMY1009 is a nonheme iron oxygenase that catalyzes the cleavage of lignostilbene, a compound arising in...
Lignostilbene-α,β-dioxygenase A (LsdA) from the bacterium TMY1009 is a nonheme iron oxygenase that catalyzes the cleavage of lignostilbene, a compound arising in lignin transformation, to two vanillin molecules. To examine LsdA's substrate specificity, we heterologously produced the dimeric enzyme with the help of chaperones. When tested on several substituted stilbenes, LsdA exhibited the greatest specificity for lignostilbene ( = 1.00 ± 0.04 × 10 m s). These experiments further indicated that the substrate's 4-hydroxy moiety is required for catalysis and that this moiety cannot be replaced with a methoxy group. Phenylazophenol inhibited the LsdA-catalyzed cleavage of lignostilbene in a reversible, mixed fashion ( = 6 ± 1 μm, = 24 ± 4 μm). An X-ray crystal structure of LsdA at 2.3 Å resolution revealed a seven-bladed β-propeller fold with an iron cofactor coordinated by four histidines, in agreement with previous observations on related carotenoid cleavage oxygenases. We noted that residues at the dimer interface are also present in LsdB, another lignostilbene dioxygenase in TMY1009, rationalizing LsdA and LsdB homo- and heterodimerization A structure of an LsdA·phenylazophenol complex identified Phe, Tyr, and Lys as contacting the 4-hydroxyphenyl moiety of the inhibitor. Phe and Tyr substitutions with His and Phe, respectively, reduced LsdA activity () ∼15- and 10-fold. The K134M variant did not detectably cleave lignostilbene, indicating that Lys plays a key catalytic role. This study expands our mechanistic understanding of LsdA and related stilbene-cleaving dioxygenases.
Topics: Crystallography, X-Ray; Dioxygenases; Models, Molecular; Sphingomonas
PubMed: 31292192
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.009428 -
Germs Jun 2023Bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit have always been a global healthcare challenge. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the yearly...
Achieving pre-eminence of antimicrobial resistance among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli causing septicemia in intensive care units: A single center study of a tertiary care hospital.
INTRODUCTION
Bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit have always been a global healthcare challenge. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the yearly trend of antibiotic resistance in non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) causing septicemia in intensive care units.
METHODS
Blood samples were collected from the patients admitted in various intensive care units and processed for isolation and identification of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli. The isolated bacterial strains were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing as per standard operating procedures.
RESULTS
Out of 3632 blood samples, 977 (26.9%) samples showed microbial growth, of which 10.1% were Gram positive cocci, 8.7% were Gram negative bacilli (Enterobacterales), 7% were NFGNB and 1% were spp. Increasing resistance among complex was observed to ceftazidime, cefepime, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, meropenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Moreover, strains were found to be associated with increased resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftazidime and meropenem. A substantial increase in resistance levels was observed among and as well.
CONCLUSIONS
An increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance in NFGNB envisages the worst consequences in ICUs in the coming years. Therefore, reviewing and strict implementation of the antimicrobial policies including 'rational use of antibiotics' is recommended.
PubMed: 38144242
DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1374 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Sep 2022Clinically, atrophic rhinitis (AR) is well recognized. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with AR. , an uncommon bacterial pathogen, has been isolated in nasal...
Clinically, atrophic rhinitis (AR) is well recognized. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with AR. , an uncommon bacterial pathogen, has been isolated in nasal cultures. This study discusses the microorganisms, causing AR. According to previous research, these infections have been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Due to the limited knowledge on the disease, the diagnosis is frequently delayed. Thus, frequent monitoring and treatment are needed to avoid complications. This rare type of infection should be suspected in patients presenting with nasal blockage, including those from non-endemic areas.
PubMed: 36112909
DOI: 10.1177/01455613221115048 -
SAGE Open Nursing 2021Knowledge management-based nursing care has a positive effect in preventing healthcare associated infections (HAIs). Therefore, nursing professionals can utilize key...
INTRODUCTION
Knowledge management-based nursing care has a positive effect in preventing healthcare associated infections (HAIs). Therefore, nursing professionals can utilize key strategies of knowledge management to support clinical decision making, reorganize nursing actions, and maximize patient outcomes.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of knowledge management-based nursing care educational training on HAI prevention behavior at the High Care Unit (HCU) of Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang.
METHODS
A quasiexperimental design with a pretest, educational training intervention, and posttest were conducted on 15 nurses in the HCU of Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, which lasted for 16 days. Furthermore, observation of nursing care documentation, nurses' handwashing compliance, and presence of infection-causing bacteria in the HCU staff and environment (hands rub handle, medical record, and patient's bed) was carried out pre (day 1-7) and post training (day 10-16). Subsequently, educational training related to knowledge management-based nursing care was conducted for 2 days (day 8-9) by the Doktor Mengabdi Team of Universitas Brawijaya.
RESULTS
The knowledge level and completeness of the nursing care documentation in the HCU room significantly increased after the training (< .05). Also, compliance to the six steps five moments of nurses' handwashing increased after the training (> .05). Infection-causing bacteria were found in the HCU environment and staff before and after the training involving , , , , , , and . Therefore, increased knowledge of HCU nurses and complete documentation ( = .890; = .054), increased knowledge of HCU nurses and handwashing compliance ( = .770; = .086), and handwashing compliance and bacterial presence ( = .816; = .084) all had a positive correlation.
CONCLUSION
Knowledge management-based nursing care educational training increased infection prevention behavior in the HCU of Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang.
PubMed: 34869859
DOI: 10.1177/23779608211044601 -
Cureus Jul 2023Introduction Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) are emerging superbugs of bloodstream infections (BSI), causing increased mortality in hospitalized patients....
Introduction Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) are emerging superbugs of bloodstream infections (BSI), causing increased mortality in hospitalized patients. NFGNB are challenging to identify using conventional identification techniques. Hence, automation is beneficial for accurate and fast diagnosis; it also facilitates rapid treatment and recovery of patients. This study aims to isolate/identify NFGNB from BSI and determine its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Material and methods This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, LLRMMC, Meerut, for a period of six months (June to November 2022). The samples were processed using automated blood culture (BD BACTEC) and an identification/sensitivity testing system (BD Phoenix). Results Out of 1340 blood cultures, 347 (25.7%) were flagged positive for microbial growth. A total of 103 (7.6%) NFGNB were isolated, showing their strong association with BSI. The NFGNB isolates were 23 (22.3%), 19 (18.4%), spp. 19 (18.4%), 17 (16.5%), 5 (4.8%), sp. 4 (3.8%), 3 (2.9%), 3 (2.9%), 2 (1.9%), 2 (1.9%), 2 (1.9%), 2 (1.9%), 1 (0.9%), and 1 (0.9%). Conclusions Automation helps in the prompt reporting of NFGNB and their antibiogram pattern by microbiology laboratories, facilitating the early and accurate management of patients with BSI.
PubMed: 37551224
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41484 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jan 2024Sphingomonadaceae are common membrane colonizers and biofilm formers. As part of our studies on long-term genetic changes in drinking water biofilm species, we report...
Sphingomonadaceae are common membrane colonizers and biofilm formers. As part of our studies on long-term genetic changes in drinking water biofilm species, we report the draft genome sequence of strain Sph5, isolated from a tap water filtration membrane. The isolate was determined as through whole genome sequencing and assembly.
PubMed: 38038463
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00345-23 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2023Bacteria responsible for causing infections are common in hospital environments, water, soil, and food products. The infection risk is intensified by the absence of...
Bacteria responsible for causing infections are common in hospital environments, water, soil, and food products. The infection risk is intensified by the absence of public sanitation, poor quality of life, and food scarcity. These external factors promote the dissemination of pathogens by direct contamination or biofilm formation. In this work, we identified bacterial isolates obtained from intensive care units in the southern region of Tocantins, Brazil. We compared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) techniques and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) molecular analysis; we also performed phenotypic characterization. Fifty-six isolates characterized using morphotinctorial tests were classified as gram-positive (80.4%; n = 45) and gram-negative (19.6%; n = 11) and were resistant to several antibiotic classes; notably, we identified the blaOXA-23 resistance gene in the ILH10 isolate. Microbial identification using MALDI-TOF MS resulted in the identification of Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Bacillus circulans. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed four isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus and Acinetobacter. The similarity was superior to 99% for Acinetobacter schindleri in the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), grouped in the clade superior to 90%. Several strains isolated from intensive care units (ICU) were resistant to various antibiotic classes. These techniques allowed for the identification of several microorganisms of importance in public health, enabling improvements in human infection control and proving the quality of inputs, food, and water.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Quality of Life; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Water; Intensive Care Units; Population Health
PubMed: 37018840
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.269778 -
Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology :... 2021With increased availability of sophisticated microbiological techniques for isolation, growth and identification of micro-organisms the spectrum of organisms is rapidly....
With increased availability of sophisticated microbiological techniques for isolation, growth and identification of micro-organisms the spectrum of organisms is rapidly. Herein we report four cases of canaliculitis with unusual organisms and highlight their clinical significance. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of isolation of Brucella melitensis and Leuconostoc species reported in English literature; and only one report of isolation of Myroides species from canaliculitis exists. Sphingomonas paucimobilis, is an uncommon isolate in canaliculitis. Extremes of age and occupational exposure may be possible risk factors for infection with uncommon organisms. Clinical features at presentation do not vary greatly with uncommon or multi drug resistant organisms' hence sampling and microbiological assessment is warranted. The benefit of curettage in canaliculitis is manifold. Unusual organisms and opportunistic pathogens can be multi-drug resistant and determination of antibiotic susceptibility is important to initiate targeted therapy to ensure disease cure and prevent recurrences.
PubMed: 34667936
DOI: 10.4103/1319-4534.325778