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Life (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021Initial enteric microbial colonisation influences animal health and disease, hence an understanding of the first microbial colonisers within the piglet is important. The...
Initial enteric microbial colonisation influences animal health and disease, hence an understanding of the first microbial colonisers within the piglet is important. The spiral colon of piglets that were stillborn ( = 20), born-alive ( = 10), and born alive and had sucked ( = 9) were collected from 28 sows to investigate whether initial microbial colonisation occurs pre- or post-partum and how it develops during the first 24 h post-partum. To examine this, DNA was extracted and 16S rRNA amplicon analysis was performed to allow analysis of microbial communities. The results indicate that microbial colonisation of the spiral colon had occurred in stillborn pigs, suggesting microbial exposure prior to birth. Alpha diversity metrics indicated that the number of taxa and community richness were higher in piglets that sucked ( < 0.001) and community evenness was lower in stillborns in comparison to born-alive ( < 0.001) but was not affected by colostrum consumption ( < 0.001). Additionally, when compared with stillborn piglets, the bacteria colonising the spiral colon during the first 24 h post-partum included the potentially pathogenic bacteria , and , and potentially beneficial bacteria and . The relative presence of Archaea was high in stillborn piglets but decreased with post-natal environmental exposure. It is evident that stillborn piglets have bacteria present within their spiral colon, however further studies are needed in order to determine the time at which colonisation is initiated and the mechanisms determining how colonisation occurs. Additionally, as expected, the immediate post-natal environment largely influences the microorganisms colonising, while colostrum consumption further contributes to the microbial community enrichment.
PubMed: 33918395
DOI: 10.3390/life11040312 -
Cureus May 2022Colorectal carcinoma is the third most malignant and second leading cause of death from cancer. The cruelty of this entity is that it takes decades to be symptomatic and... (Review)
Review
Colorectal carcinoma is the third most malignant and second leading cause of death from cancer. The cruelty of this entity is that it takes decades to be symptomatic and is known to be detected late in its timeline by a screening technique. The fatality of this carcinoma only means heightened importance of screening guidelines to be laid down and strict follow-ups by the healthcare providers. A novel method, a potential competitor that could now replace the present screening techniques for colorectal carcinoma, is computed tomographic colonography (CTC) or virtual colonoscopy. Though it first came into existence in 1994, this method is yet to be deeply studied and scrutinized for it to be the next benchmark modality. This review has mainly focused on the various features of CTC. It is contrasted against the gold standard colonoscopy for its superiority, efficacy, cost-effectiveness, patient logistics, and role in detecting extra-colonic lesions. The main focus would be laid on CTC being a screening modality. The review also emphasized why there is a need for the current healthcare providers to incorporate this modality into their practice widely. Although much has been said about CTC and its various aspects of cost-effectiveness, about it being replaced or supplemented for cancer screening, a collaborative effort has to be made by both the fields of radiology and gastroenterology to investigate the outcomes of this not so new technique in daily practice and to avoid misinterpretation of the results due to lack of skill and proficiency.
PubMed: 35719832
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24916 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Short bowel syndrome (SBS), secondary to any natural loss or after any extensive bowel resection for congenital malformations or acquired disease, is the most common... (Review)
Review
Short bowel syndrome (SBS), secondary to any natural loss or after any extensive bowel resection for congenital malformations or acquired disease, is the most common cause of intestinal failure in children. Extensive introduction of parenteral nutrition (PN) has dramatically changed the outcome of these patients, allowing for long-term survival. The main goal in children with SBS remains to be increasing enteral tolerance and weaning from PN support. Post resection intestinal adaptation allows for achievement of enteral autonomy in a subset of these patients, but the inability to progress in enteral tolerance exposes others to long-term complications of PN. Autologous intestinal reconstruction surgery (AIRS) can facilitate the fulfilment of enteral autonomy, maximizing the absorptive potential of the remaining gut. All the different intestinal reconstruction techniques, from simple procedures like tapering, reversed segments, and colon interposition, to more complex lengthening procedures (LILT: longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring, STEP: serial transverse enteroplasty, and SILT: spiral intestinal lengthening and tailoring) and techniques designed for peculiar problems like controlled intestinal tissue expansion or duodenal lengthening are presented. AIRS indications, clinical applications, and results reported in the literature are reviewed.
PubMed: 35463997
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.861093 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Jul 2022Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide with high mortality and is classified as a single entity, although colon cancer and rectal cancer have...
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide with high mortality and is classified as a single entity, although colon cancer and rectal cancer have largely different diagnoses, treatments, surgical methods, and recurrence rates. ≥ 16-slice spiral computed tomography (SCT) is mostly applied to detect the local stage of colon cancer; however, its diagnostic accuracy and whether it is conducive to distinguishing between high-risk and low-risk colon cancer are unclear.
AIM
To systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of ≥ 16-slice SCT for local staging of colon cancer.
METHODS
Based on the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, computers were used to search the literature from the establishment of the database to April 2021, and the results of the diagnostic tests on ≥ 16-slice SCT for local staging of colon cancer were collected according to the inclusion criteria. The data were then extracted and assessed on the basis of the Quality Assessment Checklist of the Institute of Economics of Canada, Reference Citation Analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/). Afterward, a meta-analysis was performed using the statistical software Meta-disc 14.0 and Stata 15.0.
RESULTS
Eleven studies that provided data on 1613 subjects with computed tomography diagnostic tests were included in this study. Meta-analysis revealed that the pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, pooled negative likelihood ratio (LR), pooled diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the fitted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of ≥ 16-slice SCT for colon cancer T staging were 0.67 (95%CI: 0.65-0.70), 0.81 (95%CI: 0.80-0.83), 4.13 (95%CI: 2.66-6.41), 0.39 (95%CI: 0.31-0.49), 10.81 (95%CI: 7.33-15.94), and 0.829, respectively, while the specificity, negative LR, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the fitted ROC curve of ≥ 16-slice SCT for N staging of colon cancer were 0.54 (95%CI: 0.49-0.59), 0.74 (95%CI: 0.70-0.77), 1.92 (95%CI: 1.36-2.70), 0.67 (95%CI: 0.51-0.87), 3.74 (95%CI: 1.76-7.94), and 0.829 respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ≥ 16-slice SCT for colon cancer T staging were acceptable, while the sensitivity for colon cancer N staging was relatively low, though its specificity was acceptable.
CONCLUSION
≥ 16-slice SCT for local staging of colon cancer has good diagnostic value; however, the accuracy needs to be confirmed by further clinical practice.
PubMed: 35979307
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i19.6483 -
Medicine Dec 2020Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a clear diagnosis is particularly important for the treatment of colon cancer....
BACKGROUND
Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a clear diagnosis is particularly important for the treatment of colon cancer. Ultrasound and spiral computed tomography (CT) can both be used in the diagnosis, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages, which could cause confusion in clinical choice. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the practicability of spiral CT and ultrasound in the diagnosis of colon cancer.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed by retrieving on English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu [VIP], CBM). Besides, manually search for Google and Baidu academic of diagnostic experimental study of ultrasound and spiral CT in the diagnosis of Colon Cancer. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to October 2020. Two researchers independently extracted and evaluated the quality of the data in the included study. A meta-analysis was performed using Meta Disc1.4 and RevMan5.3 software.
RESULTS
Sensitivity, specificity, positive Likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were used to determine the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography and helical CT in colorectal cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
This study will compare the practicability of CT and ultrasound in the diagnosis of colon cancer and provide reliable evidence-based basis for clinicians to choose the appropriate or best evidence-based basis.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
The private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also will not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval is not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences.
OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/WAJHQ.
Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Likelihood Functions; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Odds Ratio; Research Design; Sensitivity and Specificity; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Tomography, Spiral Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33327262
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000023381 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2022Colon cancer is a common digestive system malignancy with nonspecific early symptoms, which necessitates better early detection methods. The present study was conducted...
Colon cancer is a common digestive system malignancy with nonspecific early symptoms, which necessitates better early detection methods. The present study was conducted to assess the accuracy and clinical value of multislice spiral CT (MSCT) plus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for colon cancer. Between January 2019 and July 2020, 100 patients with pathologically confirmed colon cancer treated in Wuxi People's Hospital were assessed for eligibility and recruited. All eligible patients received MRI and MSCT without any treatment prior to scanning. The accuracy of preoperative diagnosis and staging of colon cancer by MRI, MSCT, and MRI plus MSCT were analyzed using postoperative pathological results as the gold standard, and consistency analysis was performed. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was obtained to analyze the preoperative diagnostic value. The accuracy of MRI, MSCT, and MRI plus MSCT was 98.00%, 96.00%, and 100% with good consistency (Kappa = 0.732, 0.703, and 0.756). The AUC of MRI, MSCT, and MRI plus MSCT was 0.889, 0.861, and 0.903, respectively. The preoperative diagnostic accuracy of MRI for colon cancer at T1, T2, T3, and T4 stages was 76.92%, 82.61%, 73.47%, and 86.67%, respectively, those of MSCT was 53.85%, 69.57%, 63.27%, and 40.00%, respectively, and those of MRI plus MSCT was 100.00%, 95.65%, 95.92%, and 86.67%, respectively. Consistency analysis yielded good consistency for the diagnosis of the T-staging of colon cancer (Kappa = 0.754, 0.731, 0.776). MSCT plus MRI yielded higher accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity in the detection of colon cancer versus the standalone MRI or MSCT, which demonstrated great potential in the early detection of colon cancer with a high clinical value.
PubMed: 35685721
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6507865 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2020Cotton rats are one of the experimental rodents used for testing different infectious and non-infectious diseases, including gastrointestinal tract pathology. However,...
Cotton rats are one of the experimental rodents used for testing different infectious and non-infectious diseases, including gastrointestinal tract pathology. However, their intestinal morphological characteristics are still poorly understood. Here, we clarified the anatomical and histological characteristics of the cecum and ascending colon (AC) of young (1-3-month old), adult (4-6-month old), and old (10-12-month old) cotton rats. The large intestine (LI) in cotton rats is composed of the cecum, AC, transverse and descending colons, and rectum, and is similar to that of other mammals. The AC begins with a double or triple spiral loop-like flexure (SLLF) and ends with a coupled horseshoe-like flexure (HSLF). A single longitudinal mucosal fold (SLMF) was found at the beginning of the AC along the mesentery line and developed with age. Furthermore, the SLMF contained several lymphatic nodules (LNs), indicating their role in digestive and immunological functions. Small and large protuberant LNs were found in the cecum and SLLF, respectively, whereas thin and flat LNs were observed in the HSLF and transverse colon, respectively. Regarding sex-related differences, adult females had a significantly longer AC with a higher number of SLLFs compared to males. The SLMF length and LN number were also longer and higher, respectively, in adult females compared to adult males. These are crucial findings, indicating the presence of sex-related differences in the morphology of the LI in cotton rats, and ours is the first study to discover a sex difference in the mammalian LI lining. Our study clarified the unique morphology of the LI in cotton rats, which could serve as the principal model for elucidating species-specific digestive tract functions and gastrointestinal disorders.
PubMed: 33192600
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.587214 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Cattle have been suggested as the primary reservoirs of O157 mainly as a result of colonization of the recto-anal junction (RAJ) and subsequent shedding into the...
Cattle have been suggested as the primary reservoirs of O157 mainly as a result of colonization of the recto-anal junction (RAJ) and subsequent shedding into the environment. Although a recent study reported different gene expression at RAJ between super-shedders (SS) and non-shedders (NS), the regulatory mechanisms of altered gene expression is unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether bovine non-coding RNAs play a role in regulating the differentially expressed (DE) genes between SS and NS, thus further influencing O157 shedding behavior in the animals through studying miRNAomes of the whole gastrointestinal tract including duodenum, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum, cecum, spiral colon, descending colon and rectum. The number of miRNAs detected in each intestinal region ranged from 390 ± 13 (duodenum) to 413 ± 49 (descending colon). Comparison between SS and NS revealed the number of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs ranged from one (in descending colon) to eight (in distal jejunum), and through the whole gut, seven miRNAs were up-regulated and seven were down-regulated in SS. The distal jejunum and rectum were the regions where the most DE miRNAs were identified (eight and seven, respectively). The miRNAs, bta-miR-378b, bta-miR-2284j, and bta-miR-2284d were down-regulated in both distal jejunum and rectum of SS (logfold-change: -2.7 to -3.8), bta-miR-2887 was down-regulated in the rectum of SS (logfold-change: -3.2), and bta-miR-211 and bta-miR-29d-3p were up-regulated in the rectum of SS (logfold-change: 4.5 and 2.2). Functional analysis of these miRNAs indicated their potential regulatory role in host immune functions, including hematological system development and immune cell trafficking. Our findings suggest that altered expression of miRNA in the gut of SS may lead to differential regulation of immune functions involved in O157 super-shedding in cattle.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Shedding; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli O157; Feces; MicroRNAs; Rectum
PubMed: 33732664
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.634505 -
Endoscopy International Open Aug 2022A significant percentage of colonoscopies remain incomplete because of failure to intubate the cecum. The motorized spiral enteroscope (MSE) technique, originally...
A significant percentage of colonoscopies remain incomplete because of failure to intubate the cecum. The motorized spiral enteroscope (MSE) technique, originally developed for deep small bowel enteroscopy, may be an effective alternative technique in cases of incomplete examination of abnormally long colons (dolichocolon). We prospectively evaluated the success rate of cecal intubation, safety and the therapeutic consequences of using MSE after incomplete conventional colonoscopy. A total of 36 consecutive patients with an indication for diagnostic and/or therapeutic colonoscopy were prospectively enrolled in this multicenter trial. All patients had undergone at least one incomplete colonoscopy attributed to abnormally long colons. Patients with incomplete colonoscopy due to stenosis were excluded. Twenty-two men and 14 women (median age 66 years, range 35-82) were enrolled. Median procedure time was 30 minutes (range 16-50). Cecal intubation rate was 100 % and median cecal intubation time was 10 minutes (range 4-30). Abnormalities, mostly neoplastic lesions, were detected in 23 of 36 patients, corresponding to a diagnostic yield of 64 %. All these findings were in the right side of the colon and had not been described by the antecedent incomplete coloscopy. No adverse events occurred. In case of a difficult and long colon, MSE is safe and effective for diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy. It may provide an attractive solution to accomplish completeness of previous incomplete colonoscopies in these patients.
PubMed: 36238532
DOI: 10.1055/a-1869-2541 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022To clarify the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in the diagnosis and staging of colon...
OBJECTIVE
To clarify the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in the diagnosis and staging of colon carcinoma (CC).
METHODS
A total of 103 patients with histopathologically diagnosed CC were enrolled. Patient clinical and imaging data were collected, and MRI and MSCT images were analyzed to assess the accuracy of MRI, MSCT, and their combination in diagnosing tumor (T) staging of CC.
RESULTS
Among the 103 cases of histopathologically diagnosed CC, 26 cases (25.24) were in stage T1-2, 72 cases (69.90) were in stage T3, and 5 cases (4.85) were in stage T4. The accuracy of MRI in diagnosing stage T1-2, T3, and T4 was 80.77%, 88.89%, and 60.00%, respectively, with an average of 76.55%. The accuracy rates of MSCT in diagnosing T1-2, T3, and T4 stages were 73.08%, 90.27%, and 60.00%, respectively, with an average of 74.45%. The accuracy rates of MRI+MSCT in diagnosing T1-2, T3, and T4 were 88.46%, 95.83%, and 80.00%, respectively, with an average of 88.10%.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with single use of MRI or MSCT, MRI+MSCT provides accurate imaging data with higher accuracy, which is more helpful for the T-staging evaluation of CC.
Topics: Carcinoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Tomography, Spiral Computed
PubMed: 35651927
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2593844