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JID Innovations : Skin Science From... Sep 2022Skin barrier dysfunction, a defining feature of atopic dermatitis (AD), arises from multiple interacting systems. In AD, skin inflammation is caused by host-environment... (Review)
Review
Skin barrier dysfunction, a defining feature of atopic dermatitis (AD), arises from multiple interacting systems. In AD, skin inflammation is caused by host-environment interactions involving keratinocytes as well as tissue-resident immune cells such as type 2 innate lymphoid cells, basophils, mast cells, and T helper type 2 cells, which produce type 2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-31. Type 2 inflammation broadly impacts the expression of genes relevant for barrier function, such as intracellular structural proteins, extracellular lipids, and junctional proteins, and enhances skin colonization. Systemic anti‒type 2 inflammation therapies may improve dysfunctional skin barrier in AD.
PubMed: 36059592
DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100131 -
Skin Health and Disease Feb 2023Ichthyosis vulgaris is an inherited, non-syndromic form of ichthyosis that presents with skin problems. Making up more than 95% cases of ichthyosis, ichthyosis vulgaris... (Review)
Review
Ichthyosis vulgaris is an inherited, non-syndromic form of ichthyosis that presents with skin problems. Making up more than 95% cases of ichthyosis, ichthyosis vulgaris is caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutation of the filaggrin gene, raising the fragility and permeability of the stratum corneum. It typically presents in infancy as xerosis, skin lesions, keratosis pilaris, palmoplantar hyper linearity, scaly dermatosis, and erythroderma, clearly identifiable by age 5. Although majority of patients have a normal lifespan, possible complications include a vitamin D deficiency and auditory problems due to scaling in the ears, besides a drop in quality of life due to dermatological changes. Urea-based creams with 10% urea, ceramides, and other ceramides are often the first line therapy in ichthyosis vulgaris. There is no known curative treatment for ichthyosis vulgaris, but lifelong treatment can alleviate the symptoms. Urea-based creams are highly therapeutic, whereas ammonium lactate 12% lotion with a physiological lipid-based repair cream can help with scaling and dryness. There is also evidence in favour of propylene glycol solutions. Risankizumab, an anti-interleukin-23 drug, and enhancement of natural moisturizing factors are also two highly promising solutions that require additional research. This review aims to provide updates on the manifestation, evaluation, and treatment of ichthyosis vulgaris.
PubMed: 36751330
DOI: 10.1002/ski2.187 -
Nutrients Jun 2021Hyaluronan (HA) is present in all connective tissues and organs, including the skin and joint fluid. However, few clinical trials have comprehensively evaluated the...
Hyaluronan (HA) is present in all connective tissues and organs, including the skin and joint fluid. However, few clinical trials have comprehensively evaluated the impacts of oral HA on skin conditions, including wrinkles and moisturization. In this study, we conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial of daily HA (120 mg) intake for 12 weeks in 40 healthy Asian men and women (aged 35-64 years). Skin condition was determined by the evaluation of wrinkles, stratum corneum water content, the amount of transepidermal water loss, elasticity, and through image analysis. After 12 weeks, skin condition was significantly improved in terms of wrinkle assessment, stratum corneum water content, transepidermal water loss, and elasticity in the HA group compared to the placebo group. Regarding the percentage change from baseline, wrinkle assessment, stratum corneum water content, and skin elasticity were significantly improved in the HA group versus the placebo group after 8 and 12 weeks of ingestion. The present findings indicate that oral ingestion of HA may suppress wrinkles and improve skin condition.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Elasticity; Epidermis; Female; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Skin; Skin Aging; Taiwan
PubMed: 34203487
DOI: 10.3390/nu13072220 -
Theranostics 2022Skin diseases are the fourth leading cause of nonfatal and chronic skin diseases, acting as a global burden and affecting the world economy. Skin diseases severely... (Review)
Review
Skin diseases are the fourth leading cause of nonfatal and chronic skin diseases, acting as a global burden and affecting the world economy. Skin diseases severely impact the patients' quality of life and have influenced their physical and mental state. Treatment of these skin disorders with conventional methods shows a lack of therapeutic efficacy, long treatment duration, recurrence of the condition, and systemic side effects due to improper drug delivery. However, these pitfalls can be overcome with the applications of advanced nanocarrier- and microneedle (MN)-based transdermal drug delivery strategies that provide efficient site-specific drug delivery at the target site. These advanced transdermal drug delivery strategies can be more effective than other drug administration routes by avoiding first-pass metabolism, enhancing the drug concentration in local skin lesions, and reducing systemic toxicity. Compared with traditional transdermal delivery methods, nanocarrier- or MN-based drug delivery systems are painless, noninvasive, or minimum-invasive and require no expensive equipment. More importantly, they can introduce more advanced functions, including increased skin penetration efficiency, controlled drug release rates, enhanced targeting abilities, and theranostic functions. Here, the emergence of versatile advanced transdermal drug delivery systems for the transdermal delivery of various drugs is reviewed, focusing on the design principles, advantages, and considerations of nanocarrier- and MN-based transdermal drug delivery strategies and their applications in treating diverse skin diseases, including psoriasis, dermatitis, melanoma, and other skin diseases. Moreover, the prospects and challenges of advanced transdermal delivery strategies for treating dermatological disorders are summarized.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Needles; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Quality of Life; Skin; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 35547773
DOI: 10.7150/thno.69999 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2021Severe psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease is increasingly being effectively managed by targeted immunotherapy but long-term immunotherapy poses health risk...
Severe psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease is increasingly being effectively managed by targeted immunotherapy but long-term immunotherapy poses health risk and loss of response. Therefore, there is a need for alternative therapy strategies. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) exosomes are widely known for their potent immunomodulatory properties. Here we investigated if topically applied MSC exosomes could alleviate psoriasis-associated inflammation. Topically applied fluorescent exosomes on human skin explants were confined primarily to the stratum corneum with <1% input fluorescence exiting the explant over a 24-h period. Nevertheless, topically applied MSC exosomes in a mouse model of imiquimod (IMQ) psoriasis significantly reduced IL-17 and terminal complement activation complex C5b-9 in the mouse skin. MSC exosomes were previously shown to inhibit complement activation, specifically C5b-9 complex formation through CD59. Infiltration of neutrophils into the stratum corneum is characteristic of psoriasis and neutrophils are a major cellular source of IL-17 in psoriasis through the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We propose that topically applied MSC exosomes inhibit complement activation in the stratum corneum and this alleviates IL-17 release by NETS from neutrophils that accumulate in and beneath the stratum corneum.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Disease Models, Animal; Exosomes; Imiquimod; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Permeability; Phenotype; Psoriasis; Skin; Skin Absorption
PubMed: 33450859
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020720