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Infection and Drug Resistance 2023Disseminated infection caused by was seldom occurred. We reported a case of infection, presenting as multiple pulmonary cavities, thoracic wall abscess and vertebral...
Disseminated infection caused by was seldom occurred. We reported a case of infection, presenting as multiple pulmonary cavities, thoracic wall abscess and vertebral destruction. The 37-year-old male had recurrent fever, chest wall swelling and pain, and lower limb numbness, he had weak physical condition and previously suffered from poorly controlled diabetes and severe periodontal disease for 3 years. Definite diagnosis of infection was made by metagenomic next‑generation sequencing (mNGS) in abscess drainage fluid. Systemic antibiotics and thoracic wall drainage were given, and the pulmonary cavity and the thoracic intermuscular abscess were significantly decreased. Few to no study reported the disseminated infection (pulmonary cavities, thoracic wall abscess and vertebral destruction) caused by . This case report highlighted the importance of mNGS for accurate diagnosis, as well as the timely drainage and antibiotics for effective treatment of infection.
PubMed: 37601557
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S416483 -
European Journal of Oral Sciences Dec 2022Microbial biofilms play a dominant role in the failure of endodontic therapies. Bacterial adhesion is the first step in the establishment of biofilms, activating the...
Microbial biofilms play a dominant role in the failure of endodontic therapies. Bacterial adhesion is the first step in the establishment of biofilms, activating the host immune response leading to tissue damage. Biosurfactants are microbe-derived tensioactive molecules with latent anti-adhesive and anti-microbial activity. This study reports the extraction and characterization of a biosurfactant from Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum (Lp-BS) and investigates its anti-microbial and anti-adhesive properties compared to rhamnolipid, a commercially available biosurfactant. Lp-BS, extracted from L. plantarum during the growth phase, was characterized as a glycoprotein, able to reduce surface tension and emulsify non-polar liquids. Proteomic analysis of Lp-BS identified three bacterial adhesin-like proteins, suggesting roles in hindering bacterial adhesion. Lp-BS did not show significant anti-microbial activity against endodontic pathogens from the Streptococcus (Strep.) anginosus group or Enterococcus (Ent.) faecalis at 50 mg/ml. However, anti-adhesive activity on abiotic surfaces was observed against both Strep. anginosus and Strep. intermedius. Rhamnolipid exhibited strong anti-microbial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.097 mg/ml against Strep. anginosus, and 0.048 mg/ml against Strep. constellatus and Strep. intermedius, in addition to a marked anti-adhesive activity. These findings offer preliminary evidence for the potential application of biosurfactants as an anti-microbial and/or anti-adhesive pharmacotherapy in endodontics.
Topics: Proteomics
PubMed: 36326688
DOI: 10.1111/eos.12900 -
AIDS Research and Therapy Jan 2024Empyema caused by Streptococcus constellatus (S. constellatus) is rare in patients with HIV. To analyze the clinical data of a patient living with HIV (PLHIV), who got... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Empyema caused by Streptococcus constellatus (S. constellatus) is rare in patients with HIV. To analyze the clinical data of a patient living with HIV (PLHIV), who got empyema caused by S. constellatus, investigating the diagnosis and treatment of this disease through literature review to improve the clinical understanding of this disease.
CASE PRESENTATION
We have reported here a 58-year-old male PLHIV with cough, wheezing, and fever for 20 days. He has a history type 2 diabetes, alcohol abuse, and a teeth extracted. Chest computed tomography revealed multiple encapsulated pleural effusions, pneumatosis, and partial compressive atelectasis in the right lung. Submission of pleural efusions timely, and then cultures revealed S. constellatus. After comprehensive treatment, including antibiotics, closed pleural drainage, and intrapleural injection of urokinase, the pleural efusion was absorbed, and chest computed tomography also confirmed the improvement.
CONCLUSIONS
S. constellatus should not be neglected as a pus pathogen in patients with HIV. comprehensive treatment is important for empyema of S. constellatus.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Streptococcus constellatus; Empyema, Pleural; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; HIV Infections; Drainage
PubMed: 38173032
DOI: 10.1186/s12981-023-00587-z -
Annals of Palliative Medicine Jul 2021Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare, fulminant, lethal soft-tissue infection result in fascial necrosis, it is rarer in the head and neck area. Infection caused by...
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare, fulminant, lethal soft-tissue infection result in fascial necrosis, it is rarer in the head and neck area. Infection caused by Klebsiella oxytoca is much less common. Therefore, we reported a case of NF in the maxillofacial region, neck and upper mediastinum caused by Klebsiella oxytoca as the main cause recently treated in our department. The patient is a middle-aged male with a 10-year history of diabetes with unstable insulin control. The main symptoms were pain on left side with dysphagia and fever and the situation was getting worse. The patient had limited ability to have mouth open and had hyperemia, swelling on the left pharynx, maxillofacial area, and upper left neck and skin tenderness, and all symptoms were getting worse quick. The CT mainly found out that left oropharyngeal wall, parotid gland area, bilateral submaxilla, left neck, and superior mediastinum are swelling with gas. The blood test result: leukocytes count 16.64×109/L, neutrophils percentage 85.8%; C-Pr 320 mg/L; urinary routine: urine glucose (+++++), ketone bodies (+++++); fasting glucose metabolism: glucose 21.33 mmol/L, glycosylated albumin 47.67%. Three incisions of facial and neck were performed to drain pus. Result of bacteria culture: Klebsiella oxytoca and Streptococcus constellatus During treatment of DKA and reduce patient glucose level, we also treated patient with neck and trachea incisions to drain pus and cleaned daily wound area and used different antibiotics according to the bacteria culture and CT results. And finally, the patient was cured and discharged from hospital. This case of NF was very rare not only the bacteria in this case but also the pathological changes related (involving the mediastinum). The report of his diagnosis and treatment can provide experience for future treatments.
Topics: Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Humans; Klebsiella oxytoca; Male; Mediastinum; Middle Aged; Neck; Streptococcus constellatus
PubMed: 33977729
DOI: 10.21037/apm-20-2427 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021Deep neck infection (DNI) is a serious disease that can lead to airway obstruction, and some patients require a tracheostomy to protect the airway instead of intubation....
Deep neck infection (DNI) is a serious disease that can lead to airway obstruction, and some patients require a tracheostomy to protect the airway instead of intubation. However, no previous study has explored risk factors associated with the need for a tracheostomy in patients with DNI. This article investigates the risk factors for the need for tracheostomy in patients with DNI. Between September 2016 and February 2020, 403 subjects with DNI were enrolled. Clinical findings and critical deep neck spaces associated with a need for tracheostomy in patients with DNI were assessed. In univariate and multivariate analysis, older age (≥65 years old) (OR = 2.450, 95% CI: 1.163-5.161, = 0.018), multiple spaces involved (≥3 spaces) (OR = 4.490, 95% CI: 2.153-9.360, = 0.001), and the presence of mediastinitis (OR = 14.800, 95% CI: 5.097-42.972, < 0.001) were independent risk factors associated with tracheostomy in patients with DNI. Among the 44 patients with DNI that required tracheostomy, ≥50% of patients had involvement of the parapharyngeal or retropharyngeal space (72.72% and 50.00%, respectively). (25.00%) was the most common pathogen in patients with DNI who required tracheostomy. In conclusion, requiring a tracheostomy was associated with a severe clinical presentation of DNI. Older age (≥65 years old), multiple spaces (≥3 spaces), and presence of mediastinitis were significant risk factors associated with tracheostomy in patients with DNI. The parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal spaces were the most commonly involved, and was the most common pathogen in the patients with DNI that required tracheostomy.
PubMed: 34573878
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091536 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Nov 2023Pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) abscess is an exceedingly rare occurrence. Typically, it has been reported in association with odontogenic infections or hematogenous...
Pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) abscess is an exceedingly rare occurrence. Typically, it has been reported in association with odontogenic infections or hematogenous dissemination. In this report, we present the first case of PPF abscess where no obvious underlying cause or primary infection was evident. The patient initially presented with a 2-week history of left ptosis and persistent headaches, which were subsequently accompanied by fever and limited mouth opening. Based on elevated inflammatory markers and imaging findings, the diagnosis of a PPF abscess was established. Successful treatment was achieved through surgical drainage using an external cervical approach. Cultures from the aspirated pus identified as the causative agent. This case highlights the importance of considering PPF abscess in patients presenting with ptosis as an initial symptom. When diagnosed, surgical drainage should be considered as a viable therapeutic option.
PubMed: 38031416
DOI: 10.1177/01455613231212047 -
Open Respiratory Archives 2023
PubMed: 37842285
DOI: 10.1016/j.opresp.2023.100272 -
MSphere Apr 2023Streptococcus anginosus is a prevalent member of the human flora. While it has been found in the microbiota of "healthy" asymptomatic individuals, it has also been...
Streptococcus anginosus is a prevalent member of the human flora. While it has been found in the microbiota of "healthy" asymptomatic individuals, it has also been associated with genitourinary tract infections and bacteremia. Based upon multilocus sequence analysis, two subspecies and two genomosubspecies have been characterized for the species. We previously conducted whole-genome sequencing of 85 isolates from the urinary tract. Here, we present genomic analysis of this species, including isolates from the urinary tract as well as gut and fecal, vaginal, oral, respiratory, and blood and heart samples. Average nucleotide identity and core genome analysis revealed that these strains form two distinct groups. Group 1 is comprised of the type strain and other previously identified subspecies and genomosubspecies, including isolates from throughout the human body. In contrast, group 2 consists of predominantly urinary streptococci ( = 77; 85.6%). Both of these groups are distinct from other members of the Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) species S. intermedius and S. constellatus. Genes conserved among all strains of one group but not in any strains in the other group were next identified. Group 1 strains included genes found in S. intermedius and , suggesting that they were lost within the ancestor of the group 2 strains. In contrast, genes unique to the group 2 strains were homologous to more distant streptococci, indicative of acquisition via horizontal gene transfer. These genes are ideal candidates for use as marker genes to distinguish between the two groups in the human microbiota. Whole-genome analysis of strains provides greater insight into the diversity of this species than from marker genes alone. Our investigation of 166 publicly available genomes via average nucleotide identity and core genome analysis revealed two phylogenomically distinct groups of this species, with one group almost exclusively consisting of isolates from the urinary tract. In contrast, only 8 urinary strains were identified within the other group, which contained the type strain, as well as all identified subspecies and genomosubspecies. While genomic analysis suggested that this urinary group of is genomically different from the previously characterized subspecies, phenotypic characterization is still needed. Given prior reports of the prevalence of in the urinary tract of both continent and incontinent females, future studies are needed to investigate if the symptom state of the urinary tract is associated with these two different groups.
Topics: Female; Humans; Streptococcus anginosus; Streptococcus; Genomics; Urinary Tract Infections; Multilocus Sequence Typing
PubMed: 36744899
DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00687-22 -
Gut Pathogens Jan 2024Pyogenic Liver Abscesses (PLA) are the most common type of visceral abscess. They generally develop in a context of biliary disease or hematogenous seeding, but a...
BACKGROUND
Pyogenic Liver Abscesses (PLA) are the most common type of visceral abscess. They generally develop in a context of biliary disease or hematogenous seeding, but a complete diagnostic work-up is always required in order not to miss other important causes, including above all malignancies of the gastro-intestinal tract.
CASE PRESENTATION
Herein, we report a particular case of a 80 years-old immunocompetent woman hospitalized for sepsis. At the end of the diagnostic process, Streptococcus constellatus (Sc) was identified as the cause of sepsis, multiple PLA were found together with a previous unknown ileal malignancy. We speculated about a possible correlation among these three entities (i.e. sepsis from Sc, PLA and tumors).
CONCLUSIONS
Detection of Sc in blood should raise red flags in clinicians as aggressive clinical presentation are possible.
PubMed: 38178146
DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00593-6 -
Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Apr 2020Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is an infectious disease that results from the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus in the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal...
BACKGROUND
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is an infectious disease that results from the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus in the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal ganglia. HZO manifests with herpes zoster-like symptoms such as rash with or without signs of ocular involvement. Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a life-threatening condition accompanied by signs and symptoms involving the eyes and the cranial nerves.
CASE
We report a case of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis (caused by subsp. ) which was masked by the simultaneous occurrence of HZO in this patient, resulting in delayed diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS
CST may be obscured by HZO, prompt diagnosis and treatment is necessary when such case arrive.
PubMed: 33329815
DOI: 10.17085/apm.2020.15.2.205