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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) May 2020The aim of this study was to characterize staphylococci and streptococci in milk from Egyptian bovides. In total, 50 milk samples were collected from localities in the...
The aim of this study was to characterize staphylococci and streptococci in milk from Egyptian bovides. In total, 50 milk samples were collected from localities in the Nile Delta region of Egypt. Isolates were cultivated, identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the broth microdilution method. PCR amplifications were carried out, targeting resistance-associated genes. Thirty-eight isolates and six isolates could be cultivated. isolates revealed a high resistance rate to penicillin, ampicillin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. The A gene defining methicillin-resistant , (C) and D genes was found in 87.5% of each. Coagulase-negative staphylococci showed a high prevalence of A, Z and K genes. Other resistance-associated genes were found. All isolates carried Z, (A), (B), (C) and A genes, while harbored (C), A-3L and M genes, additionally. In , most of these genes were found. The isolate harbored Z, (B), (C), A, K, L and M genes. isolate was analyzed by DNA microarray analysis. It was determined as sequence type 14, belonging to clonal complex 19 and represented capsule type VI. Pilus and cell wall protein genes, A, D and B/A genes were identified by microarray analysis.
PubMed: 32429272
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050381 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Sep 2021Lack of awareness of the taxonomic revision from the familiar to the less familiar may be associated with a decrease in recommended colon cancer screening in patients...
BACKGROUND
Lack of awareness of the taxonomic revision from the familiar to the less familiar may be associated with a decrease in recommended colon cancer screening in patients with bacteremia from this organism. This could subsequently lead to a delay in diagnosis or underdiagnosis of colon cancer and other serious underlying gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether the nomenclature change of to resulted in decreased colon cancer screening.
METHODS
This study was a retrospective, observational, nationwide analysis of patients who had positive blood cultures for / from any Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2017.
RESULTS
There was no difference in the primary end point of intent for colonoscopy between the and groups (66.5% [117/176] vs 62.1% [624/1005], respectively; = .26). The overall mortality rate was 33.8% among 1181 patients included in the study, with a significantly lower mortality in patients with evidence of intent for colonoscopy (29.6% vs 42.5%; ≤ .001), gastroenterology (GI) consultation (29.8% vs 41.4%; < .001), infectious diseases (ID) consultation (29.4% vs 39.0%; = .001), or either consultation (31.9% vs 40.7%; = .013), compared to those that did not.
CONCLUSIONS
There was no difference in colon cancer screening rates between patients with episodes of bacteremia reported as and those reported as . Overall mortality was lower in patients who had ID consultation, GI consultation, or evidence of colonoscopy.
PubMed: 34568510
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab426 -
Veterinary Research Oct 2022Staphylococci and streptococci are common causes of intramammary infection in small ruminants, and reliable species identification is crucial for understanding...
Staphylococci and streptococci are common causes of intramammary infection in small ruminants, and reliable species identification is crucial for understanding epidemiology and impact on animal health and welfare. We applied MALDI-TOF MS and gap PCR-RFLP to 204 non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) and mammaliicocci (NASM) and to 57 streptococci isolated from the milk of sheep and goats with mastitis. The top identified NAS was Staphylococcus epidermidis (28.9%) followed by Staph. chromogenes (27.9%), haemolyticus (15.7%), caprae, and simulans (6.4% each), according to both methods (agreement rate, AR, 100%). By MALDI-TOF MS, 13.2% were Staph. microti (2.9%), xylosus (2.0%), equorum, petrasii and warneri (1.5% each), Staph. sciuri (now Mammaliicoccus sciuri, 1.0%), arlettae, capitis, cohnii, lentus (now M. lentus), pseudintermedius, succinus (0.5% each), and 3 isolates (1.5%) were not identified. PCR-RFLP showed 100% AR for Staph. equorum, warneri, arlettae, capitis, and pseudintermedius, 50% for Staph. xylosus, and 0% for the remaining NASM. The top identified streptococcus was Streptococcus uberis (89.5%), followed by Strep. dysgalactiae and parauberis (3.5% each) and by Strep. gallolyticus (1.8%) according to both methods (AR 100%). Only one isolate was identified as a different species by MALDI-TOF MS and PCR-RFLP. In conclusion, MALDI-TOF MS and PCR-RFLP showed a high level of agreement in the identification of the most prevalent NAS and streptococci causing small ruminant mastitis. Therefore, gap PCR-RFLP can represent a good identification alternative when MALDI-TOF MS is not available. Nevertheless, some issues remain for Staph. haemolyticus, minor NAS species including Staph. microti, and species of the novel genus Mammaliicoccus.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus
PubMed: 36243811
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01102-4 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Apr 2023We assembled a complete genome sequence of Streptococcus gallolyticus strain XH2168 by combining the sequencing results from both the Illumina and Oxford Nanopore...
We assembled a complete genome sequence of Streptococcus gallolyticus strain XH2168 by combining the sequencing results from both the Illumina and Oxford Nanopore platforms. The assembled genome comprises 2,392,629 bp, with 37.69% G+C content and 2,265 protein-coding genes.
PubMed: 36946783
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00105-23 -
Genes May 2023(1) Background: Piglet diarrhea is one of the most serious diseases in pigs and has brought great economic losses to the pig industry. Alteration of the gut microbiota...
(1) Background: Piglet diarrhea is one of the most serious diseases in pigs and has brought great economic losses to the pig industry. Alteration of the gut microbiota is an important factor in the etiology of piglet diarrhea. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the differences in the gut microbial structures and fecal metabolic profile between post-weaning diarrhea and healthy Chinese Wannan Black pigs. (2) Methods: An integrated approach of 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with LC/MS-based metabolomics was employed in this study. (3) Results: We found an increase in the relative abundance of the bacterial genus and a decrease in phylum Bacteroidetes and the species subsp. in piglet diarrhea. Meanwhile, obvious changes in the fecal metabolic profile of diarrheic piglets were also detected, particularly higher levels of polyamines (spermine and spermidine). Moreover, there were substantial associations between the disturbed gut microbiota and the altered fecal metabolites, especially a strong positive relationship between spermidine and . (4) Conclusions: These observations may provide novel insights into potential etiologies related to post-weaning diarrhea and further enhance our understanding of the role of gut microbiota in host homeostasis and in modulating gut microbial structure.
Topics: Animals; Swine; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spermidine; Feces; Diarrhea; Metabolome
PubMed: 37372346
DOI: 10.3390/genes14061166 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022subspecies , known as biotype I, is a facultative pathogen causing bacteraemia, infective endocarditis and sepsis that has been linked with colorectal cancer (CRC),...
subspecies , known as biotype I, is a facultative pathogen causing bacteraemia, infective endocarditis and sepsis that has been linked with colorectal cancer (CRC), but this correlation is still unclear. Bacterial surface structures, such as the major sugar antigens exposed to the outside of the microorganism, are potential virulence factors. One of the primary sugar antigens loosely attached to the cell surface is the biofilm component, exopolysaccharide (EPS). EPSs of are poorly characterized molecules. Until now, only one Sc136 EPS structure was known to the entire group. The DSM 13808 EPS was investigated by chemical analysis, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The hexasaccharide repeating unit of the EPS, containing four Glc, two Rha residues and one phosphate group, has been described " →6)-α-d-Glc-(1→3)-β-l-Rha-(1→4)-β-d-Glc-(1→3)-[β-d-Glc-(1→2)]-α-l-Rha-(1→2)-α-d-Glc-(1→P→".
Topics: Bacteremia; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Phosphates; Streptococcal Infections; Sugars; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 36233098
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911797 -
Microorganisms Sep 2022Acute cholecystitis is an infectious disease of the gallbladder caused mainly by , , and species. , previously known as biotype II/2, rarely causes endocarditis,...
Acute cholecystitis is an infectious disease of the gallbladder caused mainly by , , and species. , previously known as biotype II/2, rarely causes endocarditis, meningitis, and septicemia, mainly in children. Biliary tract infections by are extremely rare. There have been no reports of cases in Japan. Here, we describe the first case in Japan of acute calculous cholecystitis caused by infection. A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with epigastric pain and vomiting. He had moderate tenderness and a full sensation in the epigastrium. Abdominal imaging revealed multiple stones in the gallbladder. After admission, he had a high fever that did not improve with antibiotics. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage was performed. The patient underwent open cholecystectomy. During surgery, several small stones in the gallbladder and an abscess were observed at the gallbladder base. was detected by bacterial culture of the bile juice. The gallstones were bilirubin calcium stones. The endoscopic study showed three adenomas in the colon, but the histopathological examination demonstrated no malignant cells. Although infection by this bacterium may not be rare, this is the first reported case in Japan of acute calculous cholecystitis caused by infection.
PubMed: 36296204
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101929 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2019Antibodies to Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (SGG) have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Because SGG may correlate with impaired gut...
Antibodies to Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (SGG) have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Because SGG may correlate with impaired gut epithelia, we assessed the association of antibodies to bacterial flagellin C (FliC), a measure potentially related to this impairment, with CRC and the CRC-specific interaction with antibodies to SGG proteins. Antibodies to FliC and SGG pilus proteins Gallo2178 and Gallo2179 were measured in two independent studies, a combined study from Nijmegen and Detroit (93 CRC cases, 74 controls) and a replication data set including 576 cases and 576 controls from the Spanish multicenter multicase-control study (MCC-Spain). Logistic regression was applied to assess whether antibodies to FliC were associated with CRC and modified the association of antibodies to SGG proteins with CRC. Antibodies to FliC were associated with those to SGG Gallo2178 among CRC cases, resulting in an interaction in the association of antibodies to Gallo2178 with CRC (p = 0.007). This association was only present among individuals with high antibody responses to FliC (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.45-4.06). In conclusion, our findings suggest that colorectal tumorigenesis could be accompanied by an impaired integrity of the epithelium that could result in associated increased antibody responses to bacterial proteins.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Bacterial; Case-Control Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Fimbriae Proteins; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Flagellin; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Spain; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus gallolyticus
PubMed: 31350458
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47347-6 -
PeerJ 2023Shotgun metagenomic and 16S rDNA sequencing are commonly used methods to identify the taxonomic composition of microbial communities. Previously, we analysed the gut...
BACKGROUND
Shotgun metagenomic and 16S rDNA sequencing are commonly used methods to identify the taxonomic composition of microbial communities. Previously, we analysed the gut microbiota and intestinal pathogenic bacteria configuration of migratory seagulls by using 16S rDNA sequencing and culture methods.
METHODS
To continue in-depth research on the gut microbiome and reveal the applicability of the two methods, we compared the metagenome and 16S rDNA amplicon results to further demonstrate the features of this animal.
RESULTS
The number of bacterial species detected by metagenomics gradually increased from the phylum to species level, consistent with 16S rDNA sequencing. Several taxa were commonly shared by both sequencing methods. However, , , , , , , , , and were unique taxa for the metagenome compared with , , , , and for 16S rDNA sequencing. The largest differences in relative abundance between the two methods were identified at the species level, which identified many pathogenic bacteria to humans using metagenomic sequencing. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the correlation coefficient for the two methods gradually decreased with the refinement of the taxonomic levels. The high consistency of the correlation coefficient was identified at the genus level for the beta diversity of the two methods.
CONCLUSIONS
In general, relatively consistent patterns and reliability could be identified by both sequencing methods, but the results varied following the refinement of taxonomic levels. Metagenomic sequencing was more suitable for the discovery and detection of pathogenic bacteria of gut microbiota in seagulls. Although there were large differences in the numbers and abundance of bacterial species of the two methods in terms of taxonomic levels, the patterns and reliability results of the samples were consistent.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; DNA, Ribosomal; Reproducibility of Results; Sequence Analysis, DNA; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salmonella enterica
PubMed: 37941936
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16394 -
Microbiology Spectrum Mar 2023Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. () is an opportunistic gut pathogen associated with colorectal cancer. We previously showed that colonization of the murine colon by...
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. () is an opportunistic gut pathogen associated with colorectal cancer. We previously showed that colonization of the murine colon by in tumoral conditions was strongly enhanced by the production of gallocin A, a two-peptide bacteriocin. Here, we aimed to characterize the mechanisms of its action and resistance. Using a genetic approach, we demonstrated that gallocin A is composed of two peptides, GllA1 and GllA2, which are inactive alone and act together to kill "target" bacteria. We showed that gallocin A can kill phylogenetically close relatives of the pathogen. Importantly, we demonstrated that gallocin A peptides can insert themselves into membranes and permeabilize lipid bilayer vesicles. Next, we showed that the third gene of the gallocin A operon, , is necessary and sufficient to confer immunity to gallocin A. Structural modeling of GllA1 and GllA2 mature peptides suggested that both peptides form alpha-helical hairpins stabilized by intramolecular disulfide bridges. The presence of a disulfide bond in GllA1 and GllA2 was confirmed experimentally. Addition of disulfide-reducing agents abrogated gallocin A activity. Likewise, deletion of a gene encoding a surface protein with a thioredoxin-like domain impaired the ability of gallocin A to kill Enterococcus faecalis. Structural modeling of GIP revealed a hairpin-like structure strongly resembling those of the GllA1 and GllA2 mature peptides, suggesting a mechanism of immunity by competition with GllA1/2. Finally, identification of other class IIb bacteriocins exhibiting a similar alpha-helical hairpin fold stabilized with an intramolecular disulfide bridge suggests the existence of a new subclass of class IIb bacteriocins. Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. (), previously named Streptococcus bovis biotype I, is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for invasive infections (septicemia, endocarditis) in elderly people and is often associated with colon tumors. is one of the first bacteria to be associated with the occurrence of colorectal cancer in humans. Previously, we showed that tumor-associated conditions in the colon provide with an ideal environment to proliferate at the expense of phylogenetically and metabolically closely related commensal bacteria such as enterococci (1). takes advantage of CRC-associated conditions to outcompete and substitute commensal members of the gut microbiota using a specific bacteriocin named gallocin, recently renamed gallocin A following the discovery of gallocin D in a peculiar isolate. Here, we showed that gallocin A is a two-peptide bacteriocin and that both GllA1 and GllA2 peptides are required for antimicrobial activity. Gallocin A was shown to permeabilize bacterial membranes and kill phylogenetically closely related bacteria such as most streptococci, lactococci, and enterococci, probably through membrane pore formation. GllA1 and GllA2 secreted peptides are unusually long (42 and 60 amino acids long) and have very few charged amino acids compared to well-known class IIb bacteriocins. modeling revealed that both GllA1 and GllA2 exhibit a similar hairpin-like conformation stabilized by an intramolecular disulfide bond. We also showed that the GIP immunity peptide forms a hairpin-like structure similar to GllA1/GllA2. Thus, we hypothesize that GIP blocks the formation of the GllA1/GllA2 complex by interacting with GllA1 or GllA2. Gallocin A may constitute the first class IIb bacteriocin which displays disulfide bridges important for its structure and activity and might be the founding member of a subtype of class IIb bacteriocins.
PubMed: 36951576
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05085-22