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Development and Psychopathology Oct 2023The current study examined heterogeneous trajectories of suicidal ideation among homeless youth experiencing suicidal ideation over 9 months in a randomized controlled... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The current study examined heterogeneous trajectories of suicidal ideation among homeless youth experiencing suicidal ideation over 9 months in a randomized controlled intervention study. Suicidal homeless youth ( = 150) were randomly assigned to Cognitive Therapy for Suicide Prevention (CTSP) + Treatment as Usual (TAU) or TAU alone. Youth reported their suicidal ideation four times during a 9-month period. We also assessed pretreatment mental health, demographic information and session attendance as predictors of the subgroups, as well as suicide-related factors as outcomes at the 9-month follow-up. Growth mixture models suggested three distinct trajectory groups among youth: Fast Declining (74.7%), Chronic (19.3%), and Steadily Declining (6.0%). Youth in the Chronic group used more substances at baseline than the Steadily Declining group, were more likely to be White, non-Hispanic than the Fast Declining group, and attended more CTSP sessions than other groups. Contrastingly, youth in the Steadily Declining group all experienced childhood abuse. Finally, youth in the Chronic group showed significant higher risk for future suicide compared to those in the Fast Declining group at 9 months. Findings support the heterogeneity of treatment responses in suicide intervention among homeless youth, with implications to improve treatment efforts in this very high-risk population.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Suicidal Ideation; Homeless Youth; Suicide; Suicide Prevention; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35440358
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579422000372 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2021Suicidal ideation is the first step and a strong predictor of suicide. College students are at a considerably high risk of suicidal ideation, and smartphones are...
BACKGROUND
Suicidal ideation is the first step and a strong predictor of suicide. College students are at a considerably high risk of suicidal ideation, and smartphones are commonly used in this group. However, the relationship between suicidal ideation and smartphone use among Chinese college students is unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese college students and its association with smartphone use and addiction factors.
METHODS
A total of 439 college students participated the survey. We collected the demographic information, physical health, psychosocial factors (depressive symptoms, social support, sleep quality), characteristics of smartphone use, and mobile phone addiction (MPA). Suicidal ideation was measured with a single question, "did you feel that life was not worth living in the past 1 year?"
RESULTS
The prevalence of suicidal ideation ("Yes" response) in the past year among Chinese college students was 7.5%. In binary logistic regression analysis, suicidal ideation was significantly correlated with less subjective social support (OR: 2.49, = 0.049), lower utilization of social support (OR: 13.28, = 0.012), more depressive symptoms (OR:4.96, = 0.005), and more than 5 h of daily smartphone use (OR: 2.60, = 0.025).
CONCLUSION
Considering the widely use of smartphones in Chinese colleges and the correlation with suicidal ideation, excessive phone use among college students should be given more attention by administrators and health workers. It is necessary to obtain more information about the intention of smartphone use, make full use of smartphones for health education, and monitor excessive use of smartphones, while improving social support and coping mechanisms for depression, to identify suicidal ideation and prevent suicidal behavior among Chinese college students.
Topics: China; Humans; Smartphone; Students; Suicidal Ideation; Universities
PubMed: 35223763
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.809463 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva 2021The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation and explore associated factors among travestis and transsexuals. A cross-sectional study was...
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation and explore associated factors among travestis and transsexuals. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2015 and 2016 with 22 travestis and 36 transsexuals who were members of the four transgender organizations operating in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Associations between suicidal ideation and the categorical variables were measured using the chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and likelihood ratios. Multivariate analysis was performed using robust Poisson regression. The suicidal ideation prevalence rate was 41.4% (95%CI 41.3-54.51%): 13.79% among travestis (95%CI 4.91-22.66%) and 27.61% in transsexuals (95%CI 16.08-39.08%). The prevalence of suicidal ideation was higher among respondents who reported suffering violence at school (PR = 2.05; 95%CI 1.08-3.87) and those experiencing moderate/severe depression (PR = 3.86; 95%CI 1.51-9.83). The findings suggest that unfavorable school contexts and the presence of depression compromise mental health and contribute to suicidal ideation among travestis and transsexuals.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Humans; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Suicidal Ideation; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 34787189
DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320212611.3.32342019 -
BMC Psychiatry Dec 2023Countries in South and Central America and the Caribbean are among the countries with the highest adolescent cyberbullying crimes. However, empirical evidence about the...
BACKGROUND
Countries in South and Central America and the Caribbean are among the countries with the highest adolescent cyberbullying crimes. However, empirical evidence about the effect of cyberbullying victimization on suicidal ideation among in-school adolescents in these countries remains limited. The present study examined the association between cyberbullying victimization and suicidal ideation among in-school adolescents in Argentina, Panama, St Vincent, and the Grenadines.
METHODS
A representative cross-sectional data from 51,405 in-school adolescents was used. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between cyberbulling victimization and suicidal ideation.
RESULTS
Overall, 20% and 21.1% of the adolescents reported cyberbullying victimization and suicidal ideation, respectively in the past year before the survey. Suicidal ideation was higher among adolescents who experienced cyberbullying victimization (38.4%) than those who did not experience cyberbullying victimization (16.6%). Significantly higher odds of suicidal ideation were found among adolescents who had experienced cyberbullying victimization than those who had not experienced cyberbullying victimization [aOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.77-1.98].
CONCLUSION
This finding calls for developing and implementing evidence-based programs and practices by school authorities and other relevant stakeholders to reduce cyberbullying victimization among adolescents in this digital age. Protective factors such as parental support and peer support should be encouraged.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Suicidal Ideation; Cyberbullying; Cross-Sectional Studies; Bullying; Crime Victims
PubMed: 38098109
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05268-9 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Jul 2022Each year almost 800.000 people die from suicide, of which up to 87% are affected by major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite the strong association between suicidality...
INTRODUCTION
Each year almost 800.000 people die from suicide, of which up to 87% are affected by major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite the strong association between suicidality and MDD, it remains unknown if suicidal symptoms during remission put remitted recurrent MDD patients (rrMDD) at risk for recurrence.
METHODS
At baseline we compared sociodemographic characteristics and suicidal symptoms in un-medicated rrMDD participants to matched never-depressed controls. We used the HDRS and IDS-SR to assess suicidal symptoms and depressive symptomatology. Next, we studied the longitudinal association between baseline suicidal symptoms and time to recurrence(s) in rrMDD during a 2.5-year follow-up period using cox regression analyses. Further, we studied with longitudinal data whether suicidal symptoms and depressive symptomatology were cross-sectionally associated using mixed model analysis.
RESULTS
At baseline, rrMDD participants (N = 73) had higher self-reported suicidal symptoms than matched never-depressed controls (N = 45) (χ = 12.09 p < .002). Self-reported suicidal symptoms were almost four times higher (27.9% versus 6.9%) compared to clinician-rated suicidal symptoms in rrMDD at baseline. Self-reported baseline suicidal symptoms, but not clinician-rated symptoms, predicted earlier MDD-recurrence during follow-up, independent of other residual depressive symptoms (χ = 7.26, p < .026). Higher suicidal symptoms were longitudinally related to higher depressive symptoms (HDRS; F = 49.87, p < .001), IDS-SR; (F = 22.36, p < .001).
CONCLUSION
This study showed that self-reported - but not clinician-rated - suicidal symptoms persist during remission in rrMDD and predict recurrence, independent from residual symptoms. We recommend to monitor both suicidal and depressive symptomatology during remission in rrMDD, preferably also including self-reported questionnaires apart from clinician-rated. It would be beneficial for future research to assess suicidality using questionnaires primarily designed for measuring suicidal ideation.
Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Self Report; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35461004
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.005 -
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy Sep 2019Self-compassion has been implicated in the aetiology and course of mental health with evidence suggesting an association between greater self-compassion and lower...
Self-compassion has been implicated in the aetiology and course of mental health with evidence suggesting an association between greater self-compassion and lower emotional distress. However, our understanding of the nature and extent of the relationship between self-compassion and self-harm (self-injury regardless of suicidal intent) or suicidal ideation remains unclear. This review, therefore, aimed to critically evaluate the extant literature investigating this relationship. To do so, a systematic search, including terms synonymous with self-compassion, was conducted on three main psychological and medical databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Medline). Only studies investigating self-compassion or self-forgiveness and self-harm or suicidal ideation were found to be relevant to the review. Eighteen studies were included in the final narrative synthesis. Heterogeneity of studies was high, and the majority of studies were quantitative and cross-sectional (n = 16) in design. All studies reported significant associations between higher levels of self-forgiveness or self-compassion and lower levels of self-harm or suicidal ideation. Several studies suggested that self-compassion or self-forgiveness may weaken the relationship between negative life events and self-harm. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential importance of self-compassion in the aetiology of suicidal thoughts and self-harm. We discuss the clinical and research implications.
Topics: Empathy; Forgiveness; Humans; Risk Factors; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicidal Ideation
PubMed: 31046164
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2372 -
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews.... Jan 2022Suicide may be viewed as an unfortunate outcome of failures in decision processes. Such failures occur when the demands of a crisis exceed a person's capacity to (i)... (Review)
Review
Suicide may be viewed as an unfortunate outcome of failures in decision processes. Such failures occur when the demands of a crisis exceed a person's capacity to (i) search for options, (ii) learn and simulate possible futures, and (iii) make advantageous value-based choices. Can individual-level decision deficits and biases drive the progression of the suicidal crisis? Our overview of the evidence on this question is informed by clinical theory and grounded in reinforcement learning and behavioral economics. Cohort and case-control studies provide strong evidence that limited cognitive capacity and particularly impaired cognitive control are associated with suicidal behavior, imposing cognitive constraints on decision-making. We conceptualize suicidal ideation as an element of impoverished consideration sets resulting from a search for solutions under cognitive constraints and mood-congruent Pavlovian influences, a view supported by mostly indirect evidence. More compelling is the evidence of impaired learning in people with a history of suicidal behavior. We speculate that an inability to simulate alternative futures using one's model of the world may undermine alternative solutions in a suicidal crisis. The hypothesis supported by the strongest evidence is that the selection of suicide over alternatives is facilitated by a choice process undermined by randomness. Case-control studies using gambling tasks, armed bandits, and delay discounting support this claim. Future experimental studies will need to uncover real-time dynamics of choice processes in suicidal people. In summary, the decision process framework sheds light on neurocognitive mechanisms that facilitate the progression of the suicidal crisis. This article is categorized under: Economics > Individual Decision-Making Psychology > Emotion and Motivation Psychology > Learning Neuroscience > Behavior.
Topics: Computer Simulation; Decision Making; Gambling; Humans; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide, Attempted
PubMed: 34008338
DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1561 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Feb 2023Suicidal behavior is associated with deficits in cognitive control; however, suicidal ideation (SI), a key precursor to suicidal behavior, has been less consistently...
Suicidal behavior is associated with deficits in cognitive control; however, suicidal ideation (SI), a key precursor to suicidal behavior, has been less consistently linked to neuropsychological functioning. Additionally, no study to date has examined attentional control capacities in relation to variability in suicidal ideation, defined as fluctuation in SI intensity and duration across short periods of time. Prior research suggests that suicidal individuals with highly variable SI experience greater stress-responsive increases in SI and cortisol, potentially raising risk for suicidal behavior. Here, we examined attentional control capacities associated with SI variability and severity in ninety-five subjects with major depressive disorder. Variability and severity of SI and depressive affect were quantified using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) over a 7-day period. Participants completed the Continuous Performance Task (CPT) and a computerized Stroop task for assessment of attentional control. EMA SI variability was associated with greater attentional interference on the Stroop task, and this was not accounted for by severity of SI, concurrently assessed depressive affect, or baseline depression. CPT performance was not related to SI variability or intensity. Findings highlight the utility of EMA methods in characterizing patterned experiences of SI and suggest that attentional control deficits may contribute to these characteristic patterns.
Topics: Humans; Attention; Depressive Disorder, Major; Ecological Momentary Assessment; Suicidal Ideation
PubMed: 36549341
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.053 -
Psychosocial Intervention Aug 2023In recent years, suicide rates among bullying victims have raised much concern among educators and health professionals. Suicide is the fourth leading cause of...
In recent years, suicide rates among bullying victims have raised much concern among educators and health professionals. Suicide is the fourth leading cause of preventable death among adolescents, data that warn about the need to monitor the signs before victims' suicidal behavior to prevent this fatal outcome. In the present study, the role of victims' silence about their victimization situation was analysed, as well as the particular impact of family and school environments. More specifically, we examined the mediating role of the victim's non-disclosure between the parental styles (observing the father's and mother's roles separately) and the school climate, concerning suicidal ideation in victims. The sample consisted of 2,977 adolescents (48.5% boys), aged 11-17 years ( = 14.1, = 1.42), of whom 635 (21.3%) reported having been victims of bullying in the past year. The results showed that parental styles of rejection and indifference were positively related to victims' non-disclosure of bullying and suicidal ideation. Conversely, a positive school climate showed a negative relationship with victims' disclosure of the bullying situation and suicidal ideation. The findings also indicated that non-disclosure mediates the relationship between the mother's parental style and suicidal ideation. These findings expand knowledge about the role of bullying victims' social context and the variable disclosure with regards to suicidal ideation in adolescents victimized by peers at school.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adolescent; Female; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Social Environment; Bullying; Schools
PubMed: 37691712
DOI: 10.5093/pi2023a13 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Mar 2024Insomnia occurs frequently in the clinical course of schizophrenia. A growing literature has found associations between insomnia, suicidal ideation and behavior, and...
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS
Insomnia occurs frequently in the clinical course of schizophrenia. A growing literature has found associations between insomnia, suicidal ideation and behavior, and psychopathology in schizophrenia. We explored associations between sleep problems, suicidal ideation, and psychopathology in a cohort of patients with first-episode psychosis.
STUDY DESIGN
We performed a secondary analysis of data for n = 403 subjects with data from the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode study using regression models.
STUDY RESULTS
The prevalence of sleep problems and suicidal ideation at baseline was 57% and 15%, respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, in the study baseline sleep problems were associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation with evidence of a dose-dependent relationship (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.15-4.41, P = .018). Over 24 months, sleep problems at any time point were associated with an over 3-fold increased odds of concurrent suicidal ideation (OR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.45-7.14, P = .004). Subjects with persistent sleep problems were almost 14 times more likely to endorse suicidal ideation at least once over the study than those without sleep problems (OR = 13.8, 95% CI 6.5-53.4, P < .001). Sleep problems were also a predictor of higher Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total (β = 0.13-0.22), positive (β = 0.14-0.25), and general (β = 0.16-0.27) subscale scores at baseline and multiple follow-up visits (P < .01 for each).
CONCLUSIONS
Sleep problems are highly prevalent and associated with suicidal ideation and greater psychopathology in first-episode psychosis. Formal assessment and treatment of insomnia appear relevant to the clinical care of patients with psychosis as a predictor of suicidal ideation and symptom severity.
Topics: Humans; Suicidal Ideation; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Psychopathology; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37086485
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad045