-
BMC Oral Health Jan 2021To assess the changes of implant surfaces of different roughness after instrumentation with ultrasonic-driven scaler tips of different materials.
BACKGROUND
To assess the changes of implant surfaces of different roughness after instrumentation with ultrasonic-driven scaler tips of different materials.
METHODS
Experiments were performed on two moderately rough surfaces (I-Inicell® and II-SLA®), one surface without pre-treatment (III) and one smooth machined surface (IV). Scaler tips made of steel (A), PEEK (B), titanium (C), carbon (D) and resin (E) were used for instrumentation with a standardized pressure of 100 g for ten seconds and under continuous automatic motion. Each combination of scaler tip and implant surface was performed three times on 8 titanium discs. After instrumentation roughness was assessed by profilometry, morphological changes were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, and element distribution on the utmost surface by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
RESULTS
The surface roughness of discs I and II were significantly reduced by instrumentation with all tips except E. For disc III and IV roughness was enhanced by tip A and C and, only for IV, by tip D. Instrumentation with tips B, D and E left extensive residuals on surface I, II and III. The element analysis of these deposits proved consistent with the elemental composition of the respective tip materials.
CONCLUSION
All ultrasonic instruments led to microscopic alterations of all types of implants surfaces assessed in the present study. The least change of implant surfaces might result from resin or carbon tips on machined surfaces.
Topics: Debridement; Dental Implants; Dental Scaling; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Surface Properties; Titanium; Ultrasonics
PubMed: 33413296
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01384-0 -
Annals of Translational Medicine Jul 2022Surface-based cortical morphological patterns provide insight into the neural mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Explorations of the relationship between these...
BACKGROUND
Surface-based cortical morphological patterns provide insight into the neural mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Explorations of the relationship between these patterns and the clinical assessment and treatment effects could be used to inform early intervention and treatment planning.
METHODS
We recruited 78 PD patients who underwent presurgical evaluation and 55 healthy controls. We assessed neocortical sulcal depth, gyrification index, and fractal dimension and applied a general linear model using the multivariate Hotelling's -test to determine the joint effect of surface-based shape abnormalities in PD. The relationship between the neuroimaging pattern and clinical assessment was investigated using a multivariate linear regression model. A machine learning model based on surfaced-based features was used to predict responses to medication and deep brain stimulation (DBS).
RESULTS
The surface-based neuroimaging pattern of PD included decreases in morphological metrics in the gyrus (left: F=4.32; right: F=4.13), insular lobe (left: F=4.87; right: F=4.53), paracentral lobe (left: F=4.01; right: F=4.26), left posterior cingulate cortex (F=4.48), and left occipital lobe (F=4.27, P<0.01). This pattern was significantly associated with cognitive performance and motor symptoms (P<0.01). The machine learning model using morphological metrics was able to predict the drug response in the tremor score (R=-0.34, P<0.01) and postural instability and gait disorders score (R=0.24, P=0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
We identified the surface-based neuroimaging pattern associated with PD and explored its association with clinical assessment. Our findings suggest that these morphological indicators have potential value in informing personalized medicine and patient management.
PubMed: 35957730
DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-630 -
Micromachines Mar 2023The controlled and efficient formation of oxygen vacancies on the surface of metal oxide semiconductors is required for their use in gas sensors. This work addresses the...
The controlled and efficient formation of oxygen vacancies on the surface of metal oxide semiconductors is required for their use in gas sensors. This work addresses the gas-sensing behaviour of tin oxide (SnO) nanoparticles for nitrogen oxide (NO), NH, CO, and HS detection at various temperatures. Synthesis of SnO powder and deposition of SnO film is conducted using sol-gel and spin-coating methods, respectively, as these methods are cost-effective and easy to handle. The structural, morphological, and optoelectrical properties of nanocrystalline SnO films were studied using XRD, SEM, and UV-visible characterizations. The gas sensitivity of the film was tested by a two-probe resistivity measurement device, showing a better response for the NO and outstanding low-concentration detection capacity (down to 0.5 ppm). The anomalous relationship between specific surface area and gas-sensing performance indicates the SnO surface's higher oxygen vacancies. The sensor depicts a high sensitivity at 2 ppm for NO with response and recovery times of 184 s and 432 s, respectively, at room temperature. The result demonstrates that oxygen vacancies can significantly improve the gas-sensing capability of metal oxide semiconductors.
PubMed: 37420962
DOI: 10.3390/mi14040728 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Oct 2022The antimicrobial efficacy of a nonthermal atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (NAPPJ) on dental impression materials was investigated. Type 3 polyvinyl siloxane was used...
The antimicrobial efficacy of a nonthermal atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (NAPPJ) on dental impression materials was investigated. Type 3 polyvinyl siloxane was used as the impression material, and air and nitrogen NAPPJ were applied. The antibacterial effect of the NAPPJ was measured using the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of . Surface chemical characteristics of the impression material were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurement. Additionally, physical properties were analyzed through surface roughness measurement, detail reproduction, and strain-in-compression test. Compared with the control group, the plasma treatment group showed ruptured bacteria membranes, destroyed bacteria structures, a significant reduction in the number of CFUs, and a significantly reduced contact angle. Further, XPS analysis showed that their surface was significantly richer in hydroxyl groups. The surface roughness, detail reproduction, and strain-in-compression results indicated no significant differences between the plasma treatment and control groups. NAPPJ treatment could remove bacteria from polyvinyl siloxane dental impression materials without changing the surface's physical properties. Therefore, it is considered a promising method for disinfection.
Topics: Humans; Plasma Gases; Surface Properties; Materials Testing; Dental Impression Materials
PubMed: 36363513
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111556 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022Surface wrinkling is closely linked to a significant number of surface functionalities such as wetting, structural colour, tribology, frictions, biological growth and...
Surface wrinkling is closely linked to a significant number of surface functionalities such as wetting, structural colour, tribology, frictions, biological growth and more. Given its ubiquity in nature's surfaces and that most material formation processes are driven by self-assembly and self-organization and many are formed by fibrous composites or analogues of liquid crystals, in this work, we extend our previous theory and modeling work on in silico biomimicking nanowrinkling using chiral liquid crystal surface physics by including higher-order anisotropic surface tension nonlinearities. The modeling is based on a compact liquid crystal shape equation containing anisotropic capillary pressures, whose solution predicts a superposition of uniaxial, equibiaxial and biaxial egg carton surfaces with amplitudes dictated by material anchoring energy parameters and by the symmetry of the liquid crystal orientation field. The numerical solutions are validated by analytical solutions. The blending and interaction of egg carton surfaces create surface reliefs whose amplitudes depend on the highest nonlinearity and whose morphology depends on the anchoring coefficient ratio. Targeting specific wrinkling patterns is realized by selecting trajectories on an appropriate parametric space. Finally, given its importance in surface functionalities and applications, the geometric statistics of the patterns up to the fourth order are characterized and connected to the parametric anchoring energy space. We show how to minimize and/or maximize skewness and kurtosis by specific changes in the surface energy anisotropy. Taken together, this paper presents a theory and simulation platform for the design of nano-wrinkled surfaces with targeted surface roughness metrics generated by internal capillary pressures, of interest in the development of biomimetic multifunctional surfaces.
PubMed: 35564263
DOI: 10.3390/nano12091555 -
PloS One 2022The wettability of a polymer surface plays a critical role in cell-cell interaction and behavior. The degree to which a surface is hydrophobic or hydrophilic affects the...
The wettability of a polymer surface plays a critical role in cell-cell interaction and behavior. The degree to which a surface is hydrophobic or hydrophilic affects the adhesion and behavior of cells. Two distinct techniques for patterning the surface wettability of a Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC) substrate were developed and investigated in this article for the purpose of patterning cell growth. These include oxygen plasma treatment and graphene oxide (GO) coating to alter the wettability of the COC substrate and create hydrophilic patterned regions on a hydrophobic surface. When the two techniques are compared, patterning the surface of COC using GO film results in a more stable wettability over time and increases the roughness of the patterned area. Interestingly, both developed techniques were effective at patterning the COC surface's wettability, which modulated cell adhesion and resulted in micropatterning of cell growth. The novel methods described herein can be used in the fields of cell and tissue culture as well as in the development of new biological assays.
Topics: Graphite; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Polymers; Surface Properties; Wettability
PubMed: 35709175
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269914 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022The purpose of this review was to analyze and correlate the findings for zirconia implants in clinical, preclinical and in vitro cell studies in relation to surface... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this review was to analyze and correlate the findings for zirconia implants in clinical, preclinical and in vitro cell studies in relation to surface structure.
METHODS
Electronic searches were conducted to identify clinical, preclinical and in vitro cell studies on zirconia implant surfaces. The primary outcomes were mean bone loss (MBL) for clinical studies, bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and removal torque (RT) for preclinical studies and cell spreading, cell proliferation and gene expression for cell studies. The secondary outcomes included comparisons of data found for those surfaces that were investigated in all three study types.
RESULTS
From 986 screened titles, 40 studies were included for data extraction. In clinical studies, only micro-structured surfaces were investigated. The lowest MBL was reported for sandblasted and subsequently etched surfaces, followed by a sinter and slurry treatment and sandblasted surfaces. For BIC, no clear preference of one surface structure was observable, while RT was slightly higher for micro-structured than smooth surfaces. All cell studies showed that cell spreading and cytoskeletal formation were enhanced on smooth compared with micro-structured surfaces.
CONCLUSIONS
No correlation was observed for the effect of surface structure of zirconia implants within the results of clinical, preclinical and in vitro cell studies, underlining the need for standardized procedures for human, animal and in vitro studies.
PubMed: 35629692
DOI: 10.3390/ma15103664 -
PloS One 2023Species Distribution Models often include spatial effects which may improve prediction at unsampled locations and reduce Type I errors when identifying environmental...
Species Distribution Models often include spatial effects which may improve prediction at unsampled locations and reduce Type I errors when identifying environmental drivers. In some cases ecologists try to ecologically interpret the spatial patterns displayed by the spatial effect. However, spatial autocorrelation may be driven by many different unaccounted drivers, which complicates the ecological interpretation of fitted spatial effects. This study aims to provide a practical demonstration that spatial effects are able to smooth the effect of multiple unaccounted drivers. To do so we use a simulation study that fit model-based spatial models using both geostatistics and 2D smoothing splines. Results show that fitted spatial effects resemble the sum of the unaccounted covariate surface(s) in each model.
Topics: Computer Simulation; Spatial Analysis
PubMed: 37253039
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285463 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023The mechano-bactericidal action of nanostructured surfaces is well-documented; however, synthetic nanostructured surfaces have not yet been explored for their antifungal...
The mechano-bactericidal action of nanostructured surfaces is well-documented; however, synthetic nanostructured surfaces have not yet been explored for their antifungal properties toward filamentous fungal species. In this study, we developed a biomimetic nanostructured surface inspired by dragonfly wings. A high-aspect-ratio nanopillar topography was created on silicon (nano-Si) surfaces using inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP RIE). To mimic the superhydrophobic nature of insect wings, the nano-Si was further functionalised with trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane (PFTS). The viability of spores, in contact with either hydrophobic or hydrophilic nano-Si surfaces, was determined using a combination of standard microbiological assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). Results indicated the breakdown of the fungal spore membrane upon contact with the hydrophilic nano-Si surfaces. By contrast, hydrophobised nano-Si surfaces prevented the initial attachment of the fungal conidia. Hydrophilic nano-Si surfaces exhibited both antifungal and fungicidal properties toward attached spores via a 4-fold reduction of attached spores and approximately 9-fold reduction of viable conidia from initial solution after 24 h compared to their planar Si counterparts. Thus, we reveal, for the first time, the physical rupturing of attaching fungal spores by biomimetic hydrophilic nanostructured surfaces.
Topics: Animals; Silicon; Spores, Fungal; Biomimetics; Antifungal Agents; Odonata; Surface Properties
PubMed: 36674814
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021298 -
Journal of Bionic Engineering 2021In order to satisfy the needs of different applications and more complex intelligent devices, smart control of surface wettability will be necessary and desirable, which...
In order to satisfy the needs of different applications and more complex intelligent devices, smart control of surface wettability will be necessary and desirable, which gradually become a hot spot and focus in the field of interface wetting. Herein, we review interfacial wetting states related to switchable wettability on superwettable materials, including several classical wetting models and liquid adhesive behaviors based on the surface of natural creatures with special wettability. This review mainly focuses on the recent developments of the smart surfaces with switchable wettability and the corresponding regulatory mechanisms under external stimuli, which is mainly governed by the transformation of surface chemical composition and geometrical structures. Among that, various external stimuli such as physical stimulation (temperature, light, electric, magnetic, mechanical stress), chemical stimulation (pH, ion, solvent) and dual or multi-triggered stimulation have been sought out to realize the regulation of surface wettability. Moreover, we also summarize the applications of smart surfaces in different fields, such as oil/water separation, programmable transportation, anti-biofouling, detection and delivery, smart soft robotic Furthermore, current limitations and future perspective in the development of smart wetting surfaces are also given. This review aims to offer deep insights into the recent developments and responsive mechanisms in smart biomimetic surfaces with switchable wettability under external various stimuli, so as to provide a guidance for the design of smart surfaces and expand the scope of both fundamental research and practical applications.
PubMed: 34131422
DOI: 10.1007/s42235-021-0038-7