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BJR Case Reports Feb 2023Primary vaginal cancer is rare, accounting for only 2% of all gynecological malignant tumors. Primary vaginal cell carcinoma is mainly squamous cell carcinoma,...
Primary vaginal cancer is rare, accounting for only 2% of all gynecological malignant tumors. Primary vaginal cell carcinoma is mainly squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for about 90%, and adenocarcinoma only accounts for 8-10%. Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of vagina is rare and has not been reported in the literature. This paper reports a case of signet ring cell carcinoma in vagina.
PubMed: 36873240
DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20220050 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jun 2022Human Papillomavirus is the main cause of cervical cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, anus, rectum, penis, vagina, and vulva. In recent years,... (Review)
Review
Human Papillomavirus is the main cause of cervical cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, anus, rectum, penis, vagina, and vulva. In recent years, considerable effort has been made to control HPV-induced diseases using either prophylactic or therapeutic approaches. A critical review of the literature about the therapeutic Human Papillomavirus vaccine was performed to analyze its efficacy in the treatment of female lower genital tract lesions and its possible perspective application in clinical practice. The most important medical databases were consulted, and all papers published from 2000 until 2021 were considered. We retrieved a group of seven papers, reporting the role of anti HPV therapeutic vaccines against the L2 protein in the order of their efficacy and safety in female lower genital tract disease. In addition, the immune response due to vaccine administration was evaluated. The development of therapeutic vaccines represents an interesting challenge for the treatment of HPV infection of the lower genital tract. Literature data underline that the L2 protein may be an interesting and promising target in the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines, but the possible strengths and the unclear longevity of L2 immune responses are factors to be considered before clinical use.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaccination
PubMed: 35888579
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070860 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2023Carcinoma cervix is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths worldwide in 2020. Carcinoma cervix is an...
BACKGROUND
Carcinoma cervix is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths worldwide in 2020. Carcinoma cervix is an uncommon malignancy in Kashmir. In this retrospective study, we have tried to find clinicopathological characteristics of carcinoma cervix along with the survival rates at our tertiary care hospital.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Case records of cervical cancer patients registered from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2019, were retrieved. A total of 138 patients was registered. 22 had undergone surgery, and out of these 17 had received postoperative radiotherapy. 109 patients were treated with definitive chemoradiation and 13 with palliative radiotherapy. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient and treatment-related variables, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed for survival analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 138 cases that were registered from 2015 to 2019 were included in this study. The median age at the presentation was 56 years. Most of the patients had a performance status of 1 (98 patients (71.01)). Most of the patients 110 (79.71%) were married before 20 years of age, only 1 patient was unmarried, and 85 (61.59) patients were multiparous in our study group. Only 14 (10.14%) patients in our study group had a history of oral contraceptive use and most of them were non-smokers [124 (89.80%)]. Multiple marriages were present in 8 (5.79%) patients only. The most common presenting symptom was bleeding per vagina (78.26%), and the maximum number of patients fall in the post-menopausal group (67.39%). 116 patients had squamous cell carcinoma histology while 10 patients had adenocarcinoma histology. Most of the patients had stage II and stage III disease (85 patients). At last, follow up out of 138 patients 75 (54.35) were alive. 3 year disease-free survival was 54.34% and 3-year overall survival was 72.46%.
CONCLUSION
Carcinoma cervix is an uncommon malignancy in Kashmir because of different socio-cultural and religious practices but the response to treatment, toxicity profile, and survival are similar to the rest of the world.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Cervix Uteri; Retrospective Studies; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chemoradiotherapy; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 37787316
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_203_22 -
Cancer Medicine Dec 2022High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is a key factor that alters cervicovaginal microbiota patterns and causes cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) or...
BACKGROUND
High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is a key factor that alters cervicovaginal microbiota patterns and causes cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) or even cervical cancer. Although local excisional treatment can clear hrHPV infection and restore the cervicovaginal microbiota, it is unclear which cervicovaginal microbiota represents recovery. Our objective was to describe the cervicovaginal microbiota before and after treatments and to assess the association between the microbiota and HPV persistence.
RESULTS
A cohort of 91 participants was classified into four groups (healthy control women and HPV16-infected women with CIN I, CIN II/III, and squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]). Endocervical swabs were collected 3 months prior to treatment and at 3 months post-treatment for bacterial 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and for HPV DNA testing. There was an increase in the number of Lactobacillus bacterial species present after the clinical treatments, and the community state type (CST) profiles were shifted from dysbiotic CSTs II and IV to Lactobacillus-dominated CSTs I and III. Specifically, the composition of Geobacter and Prevotella before treatment and Lactobacillus secaliphilus after treatment might have been related to CIN I, the composition of Burkholderia before treatment and Lactobacillus iners after treatment might have been related to CIN II/III, and the composition of Atopobium and Aerococcus before treatment and Bacilli after treatment might have been related to SCC. Further functional predictions revealed that the composition differences were linked to infectious disease- and cancer-related genes.
CONCLUSION
Our study provides an illustration of the changes in CSTs and the cervicovaginal microbiota before and after HPV16 clearance in each disease state.
Topics: Humans; Female; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Human papillomavirus 16; Papillomavirus Infections; Vagina; Microbiota
PubMed: 35569127
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4801 -
European Review For Medical and... Oct 2023Human papillomavirus (HPV), which is known to play a very important role in genital area (vulva, vagina, and cervix) cancers in women, is responsible for almost all...
OBJECTIVE
Human papillomavirus (HPV), which is known to play a very important role in genital area (vulva, vagina, and cervix) cancers in women, is responsible for almost all cervical cancers. However, a significant proportion of cervical carcinomas (approximately 7%) is HPV-negative. Therefore, there are still two important questions to be answered: 1. Why is HPV Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) not found in all cervical carcinomas? 2. Are HPV-DNA-negative cervical cancers a specific subgroup of cervical cancers with different biological behavior (worse prognosis)? In this article, we aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and survival of patients with confirmed HPV-negative tumors in order to answer these two questions.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 97 patients who underwent HPV-DNA testing and received a histological diagnosis of cervical cancer were included in the study. 14 HPV-DNA negative and 83 HPV-DNA positive cervical carcinoma patients were detected. Demographic profiles, clinicopathological characteristics, progression-free, and overall survival of all patients were analyzed.
RESULTS
Women with HPV-negative tumors were diagnosed at an older age range (p=0.05), and their demographic data other than age range were similar to HPV-positive tumors. P16 staining pattern was not observed in any of the HPV-negative tumors (p=0.001), and a positive P53 staining pattern was detected in 35.7% of the HPV-negative tumors. Although disease-free survival (PFS) (p=0.224) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.219) were worse in the HPV-negative patient group, this difference was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
HPV-negative cervical cancers do not have a poor prognosis unlike their counterparts in other anatomical regions where HPV-associated tumors are present.
Topics: Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Prognosis; Disease-Free Survival; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; DNA, Viral; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 37843334
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202310_33948 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Nov 2022To investigate typical computed tomography (CT) features for the differentiation of vaginal from the uterine origin in dogs.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate typical computed tomography (CT) features for the differentiation of vaginal from the uterine origin in dogs.
ANIMALS
7 healthy Beagles in the prospective study and 5 bitches in the retrospective study.
PROCEDURES
In the prospective study, dual-phase CT images were obtained from sexually intact female Beagles (n = 7) during anestrus and estrus. On the CT images, the vagina and uterine horns, body, and cervix were assessed for diameter, attenuation, and contrast enhancement pattern. In the retrospective study, CT features of large vaginal lesions (leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, adenocarcinoma, hematocolpos, and Gartner's duct cyst) were assessed in 5 bitches.
RESULTS
In normal bitches, the cervix was thicker with strong central enhancement compared to the uterus and vagina. The uterine artery, which enters the mesometrium at the level of the cervix, was clearly visualized and assisted in identifying the cervix. In bitches with large vaginal masses, uterine arteries were displaced by the lesions and could not be used to locate the cervix. In 4/5 dogs with vaginal masses, identification of the cervix allowed the determination of the organ of origin. In 1 dog with adenocarcinoma, CT vaginography was additionally required for determining the origin of mass.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results from this study indicate that the cervix, recognized in CT as focal thickening of the uterus with central enhancement, may be used as a landmark for the differentiation between the uterus and vagina in bitches.
Topics: Animals; Female; Dogs; Retrospective Studies; Prospective Studies; Uterus; Vagina; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Adenocarcinoma
PubMed: 36434761
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.22.03.0052 -
BMC Microbiology Mar 2021High-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) is the main causal factor of cervical precancer and cancer when persistent infection is left untreated. Previous studies have...
BACKGROUND
High-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) is the main causal factor of cervical precancer and cancer when persistent infection is left untreated. Previous studies have confirmed the vaginal microbiota is associated with HPV infection and the development of cervical lesions. The microbiota at different parts of the female genital tract is closely related but different from each other. To analyze the distinction between the vaginal and cervical microbiota of hrHPV(+) women in China, one hundred subjects were recruited, including 10 patients with HPV16/18(+) and cervical carcinoma, 38 patients with HPV16/18(+) but no cervical carcinoma, 32 patients with other hrHPV(+) and 20 healthy controls with HPV(-). Vaginal and cervical microbiota were separately tested through next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting the variable region (V3-V4) of the bacterial ribosome 16S rRNA gene.
RESULTS
HrHPV(+) subjects had higher percentages of vaginal douching history (P = 0.001), showed more frequent usage of sanitary pads (P = 0.007), had more sex partners (P = 0.047), were more sexually active (P = 0.025) and more diversed in ways of contraception (P = 0.001). The alpha diversity of the cervical microbiota was higher than that of the vagina. The cervical microbiota consisted of a lower percentage of Firmicutes and a higher percentage of Proteobacteria than the vagina at the phylum level. Sphingomonas, belonging to α-Proteobacteria, was almost below the detection limit in the vagina but accounted for five to 10 % of the bacteria in the hrHPV(-) cervix (P<0.001) and was inversely associated with hrHPV infection (P<0.05). Pseudomonas, belonging to γ-Proteobacteria, could hardly be seen in the normal vagina and shared a small percentage in the normal cervix but was significantly higher in the HPV16/18(+) (P<0.001) and cancerous cervix (P<0.05). No significant difference was shown in the percentage of BV associated anaerobes, like Gardnerella, Prevotella, Atopobium and Sneathia, between the cevix and vigina.
CONCLUSIONS
The proportion of Proteobacteria was significantly higher in the cervical microbiota than that of vagina. The hrHPV infection and cervical cancer was positively associated with Pseudomonas and negatively associated with Sphingomonas. It is of great improtance to deeply explore the cervical microbiota and its function in cervical cacinogenesis.
Topics: Cervix Uteri; China; Female; Humans; Microbiota; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vagina
PubMed: 33765914
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02152-y -
Oncology Letters Feb 2021Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNT) and Ewing's sarcoma are rare, round-cell tumors, characterized by the presence of the t(11; 22)(q24; q12) chromosomal... (Review)
Review
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNT) and Ewing's sarcoma are rare, round-cell tumors, characterized by the presence of the t(11; 22)(q24; q12) chromosomal translocation. A review of the literature revealed only 38 previously reported cases of vulvar PNT and Ewing's sarcoma and 15 vaginal PNT and Ewing's sarcoma. Although rare, these types of tumors should be taken into consideration when making a differential diagnosis for vulvar or vaginal tumors. The currently available data is limited, and therefore, case reports are essential for improving knowledge and management of these types of extremely rare tumors. However, further molecular and histopathological studies are essential for an improved understanding of these conditions and for an early, correct diagnosis. Although the gathered and presented data from the present review are limited, the literature demonstrates that the outcome of these types of cancer are more favorable compared with outcomes observed for carcinomas in more typical locations.
PubMed: 33552288
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12432 -
Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) Sep 2022A 40-year-old unmarried Brazilian woman, Ms A, received a diagnosis of papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in February 2020; she underwent nephrectomy the following...
A 40-year-old unmarried Brazilian woman, Ms A, received a diagnosis of papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in February 2020; she underwent nephrectomy the following month. In August, she began to experience generalized pain with subsequent scans revealing metastatic disease to the supraclavicular lymph node, liver, and vagina. In October 2020, Ms A started first-line systemic combination treatment with nivolumab (Opdivo; 3 mg/kg) plus ipilimumab (Yervoy; 1 mg/kg) every 3 weeks for 4 doses, followed by nivolumab (3 mg/kg) every 2 weeks, to be taken for 2 years. In April 2021, follow-up testing revealed a partial response to therapy, and a complete response was evident in August 2021. Ms A was first screened for biopsychosocial distress by the supportive care team in October 2020, and she completed the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) evaluation.During her fourth cycle of treatment in October 2020, the patient was assessed with the ESAS. During her medical visits, Ms A also expressed concern regarding her physical symptoms and admitted frequent self-monitoring for signs of recurrence or progression. Her oncologist prescribed tramadol for pain and the supportive care team recommended increased engagement in physical activity. Upon further assessment, the patient reported a belief that her psychosocial symptoms, worry about recurrence or progression, and time spent self-monitoring were a normal part of her cancer experience.
Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Female; Humans; Ipilimumab; Kidney Neoplasms; Nivolumab; Pain; Psycho-Oncology; Tramadol
PubMed: 36107784
DOI: 10.46883/2022.25920972 -
Open Medicine (Warsaw, Poland) 2021We investigated the expression and clinical significance of miR-141 and miR-340 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).
BACKGROUND
We investigated the expression and clinical significance of miR-141 and miR-340 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).
METHODS
Expression of miR-141 and miR-340 in CSCC, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and normal cervical squamous epithelium were detected by qRT-PCR. PTEN was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Their relationship with clinicopathological features was analyzed.
RESULTS
The changes of miR-141 and miR-340 were different in CSCC, HSIL, and normal squamous epithelium ( = 0.030). miR-141 expression was statistically significant in gross type, differentiation, uterine corpus invasion, nerve invasion, vagina invasion, and FIGO stage in CSCC ( < 0.05). miR-340 expression was related to tumor size, differentiation, nerve invasion, lymph node metastasis, and FIGO stage in CSCC ( < 0.05). miR-141 and miR-340 expressions were statistically significant in different ages ( < 0.05) in HSIL. The AUC of miR-141 in CSCC diagnosis and that of miR-340 in HSIL diagnosis were 0.893 and 0.764, respectively. The sensitivity and the specificity of miR-141 for diagnosis of CSCC were 95.0% and 60.8%, respectively, while those of miR-340 for diagnosis of HSIL were 90.0 and 48.6%, respectively. miR-141 and miR-340 expressions are associated with PTEN expression ( = 0.002 and < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
miR-141 and miR-340 may be associated with their target gene PTEN and involved in the carcinogenesis of cervical squamous epithelium.
PubMed: 34179503
DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0281