-
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Cold-smoked salmon are ready-to-eat products that may support the growth of pathogenic during their long shelf-life. Consumption of such contaminated products can cause...
Cold-smoked salmon are ready-to-eat products that may support the growth of pathogenic during their long shelf-life. Consumption of such contaminated products can cause fatal listeriosis infections. Another challenge and potential risk associated with CS salmon is their high levels of sodium salt. Excess dietary intake is associated with serious health complications. In the present study, anti-listerial bacteriocin (nisin), P100 bacteriophages (Phageguard L, PGL) and fermentates (Verdad N6, P-NDV) were evaluated as commercial bio-preservation strategies for increased control of in standard (with NaCl) and sodium-reduced (NaCl partially replaced with KCl) CS salmon. Treatments of CS salmon with nisin (1 ppm) and PGL (5 × 10 pfu/cm) separately yielded significant initial reductions in (up to 0.7 log) compared to untreated samples. Enhanced additive reductions were achieved through the combined treatments of nisin and PGL. Fermentates in the CS salmon inhibited the growth of Listeria but did not lead to its eradication. The lowest levels of during storage were observed in nisin- and PGL-treated CS salmon containing preservative fermentates and stored at 4 °C, while enhanced growth was observed during storage at an abusive temperature of 8 °C. Evaluation of industry-processed standard and sodium-replaced CS salmon confirmed significant effects with up to 1.7 log reductions in levels after 34 days of storage of PGL- and nisin-treated CS salmon-containing fermentates. No differences in total aerobic plate counts were observed between treated (PGL and nisin) or non-treated standard and sodium-reduced CS salmon at the end of storage. The microbiota was dominated by but with a shift showing dominance of spp. and spp. in fermentate-containing samples. Similar and robust reductions in can be achieved in both standard and sodium-replaced CS salmon using the bio-preservation strategies of nisin, PGL and fermentates under various and relevant processing and storage conditions.
PubMed: 38137194
DOI: 10.3390/foods12244391 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has gradually become the primary cause of fatty liver disease. Betel nuts have been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases....
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has gradually become the primary cause of fatty liver disease. Betel nuts have been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. In the present study, we analyzed the pathology, serology, gut flora, and metabolites in a rat model of NAFLD, with and without betel nut alkaloid treatment, using an integrated approach involving pathology, serological testing, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics. Two rats were used for model validation. Thirty SD rats were included and divided into the normal group (C group), NAFLD model group (M group), low-dose group, medium-dose group (T group), and high-dose group with intraperitoneal injection of arecoline. The expression of blood lipids was significantly downregulated at all three arecoline concentrations ( < 0.05). Alpha-diversity analysis of the intestinal flora showed significant differences among the three groups, with a significant reduction in population diversity in the M group and a recovery of population diversity after arecoline treatment. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of was significantly higher in the T group and in the M group. The KEGG metabolic pathways included polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Thirty-three significantly different metabolites were identified among the groups. Significantly different metabolites between groups T and M included indolepyruvate, 2-deoxystreptamine, sakuranetin, glycyl-leucine, and riboflavin. The KEGG metabolic pathway suggested a potential role for arachidonic acid metabolism, serotonergic synapses, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, tyrosine metabolism, and regiomelanin. Vitamin digestion and absorption, as well as regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, were the main metabolic pathways that distinguished the T vs. M groups. PGE2 is involved in several metabolic pathways. Correlation analysis showed that 29 bacterial species were significantly associated with PGE2 levels in the M and T groups. , , , unidentified , unidentified , and five other bacterial groups are unique in the PGE2 metabolic pathway regulated by arecoline. Arecoline has lipid-lowering effects and may exert therapeutic effects in NAFLD through intestinal metabolites and intestinal flora, as well as through the //-COX2/PGE2 pathway. Thus, arecoline may represent a potential drug or target for NAFLD treatment.
PubMed: 37050898
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1132026 -
European Review For Medical and... Nov 2020The aim of this study was to explore the effects of oral and intestinal florae and serum inflammatory factors on the pathogenesis of oral cancer.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of oral and intestinal florae and serum inflammatory factors on the pathogenesis of oral cancer.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Oral cancer patients and healthy subjects in our hospital were enrolled in disease group (n=50) and control group (n=50), respectively. Oral flora of subjects was collected using the sterile cotton swab. Microbial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing. Subsequently, the feces were also collected from patients, and sent to the company for analysis of microbial composition via sequencing. In addition, the levels of serum inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, and IL-1β in disease group and control group were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS
The number of patients with a history of drinking (p=0.040) and betel nut chewing (p=0.000) in the disease group was larger than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. In terms of oral flora distribution, the ratios of dominant bacteria Staphylococcus and Rothia were 64% and 50% in disease group, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (24% and 18%) (p=0.023 and 0.034). In terms of intestinal flora distribution, the abundance of intestinal florae (Flavobacteriaceae, Sphingobacteriales, Rikenella, Pseudomonadales, Tetragenococcus and Acinetobacter) in the disease group was remarkably higher than that in the control group (p<0.05). However, the abundance of Vagococcus and Pediococcus in control group was significantly higher than that in the disease group (p<0.05). Among intestinal flora, Firmicutes exhibited a highly positive correlation with Bacteroides (r=0.341, p=0.023), and a highly negative correlation with Ruminococcus (r=-0.832, p=0.000). Bacteroides had a highly negative correlation with Lactobacillus (r=-0.763, p=0.000) and Enterococcus (r=-0.461, p=0.000). In disease group, the levels of TNF-α (p=0.021), IL-8 (p=0.000), and IL-1β (p=0.000) were evidently higher than those in the control group [(23.51±2.14) ng/L vs. (12.34±2.45) ng/L, (89.75±4.29) ng/L vs. (43.23±3.25) ng/L, (42.25±3.25) ng/L vs. (15.32±1.47) ng/L]. However, there was no statistically significant difference in IL-6 level between the two groups (p=0.217).
CONCLUSIONS
Oral and intestinal florae and serum inflammatory factors are associated with the pathogenesis of oral cancer.
Topics: Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Interleukins; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 33215425
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202011_23595 -
PeerJ 2024Disease outbreaks negatively affect fish production. Antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of diseases become ineffective over time because of antibiotic resistance...
Disease outbreaks negatively affect fish production. Antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of diseases become ineffective over time because of antibiotic resistance developed by bacteria distributed in the aquaculture environment. This study was conducted for 4 months (cold period) in a fish farm to detect the fish disease, cold water streptococcosis. In the study, four brood stock showing disease signs were detected. Bacteria isolates were obtained and identified as . Antimicrobial susceptibility of was tested and antibiotic resistance gene profiles of isolates were screened. The phylogenetic relation of the isolates with the previously reported strains was evaluated. Antibiotic resistance developed by pathogenic bacteria is distributed in the aquaculture environment. The transfer of resistance genes from one bacterium to another is very common. This situation causes the antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of diseases to become ineffective over time. The disc diffusion test showed that all four isolates developed resistance to 13 (FFC30, AX25, C30, E15, CF30, L2, OX1, S10, T30, CRO30, CC2, PT15 and TY15) of the evaluated antibiotics and were about to develop resistance to six others (AM 10, FM 300, CFP75, SXT25, APR15 and TE30). Furthermore, antibiotic resistance genes , , , , , and were detected in the isolated strain. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis showed that isolated strain (ESN1) was closely related to the bacterial strains isolated from USA and Jura.
Topics: Animals; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Phylogeny; Enterococcaceae; Gram-Positive Cocci; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38560471
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17194 -
Microorganisms Jan 2022Chile has promoted the diversification of aquaculture and red cusk-eel () is one of the prioritized species. However, many aspects of the biology of the species are...
Chile has promoted the diversification of aquaculture and red cusk-eel () is one of the prioritized species. However, many aspects of the biology of the species are unknown or have little information available. These include intestinal microbiota, an element that may play an important role in the nutrition and defense of cultured animals for meat production. This study compares the microbiota composition of the intestinal contents of wild and aquaculture fish to explore the microbial communities present and their potential contribution to the host. DNA was extracted from the intestinal content samples and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Ion Torrent platform. After the examination of the sequences, strong differences were found in the composition at the level of phylum, being and the most abundant in aquaculture and wild condition, respectively. At the genus level, the (54%) and (97%) were the most prevalent in the microbial community of aquaculture and wild condition, respectively. The evaluation of predicted metabolic pathways in these metagenomes showed that in wild condition there is an important presence of lipid metabolism belonging to the unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. In the aquaculture condition, the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides were relevant. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize and compare the intestinal microbiota of red cusk-eel () of wild and aquaculture origin using high-throughput sequencing.
PubMed: 35056554
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010105 -
Microorganisms Mar 2023Northern Thailand, the main part of the Lanna region, is home to a diverse range of ethnic groups, each with their own food and cultural heritage. The bacterial...
Northern Thailand, the main part of the Lanna region, is home to a diverse range of ethnic groups, each with their own food and cultural heritage. The bacterial compositions in fermented soybean (FSB) products indigenous to three Lanna ethnolinguistic groups, including Karen, Lawa, and Shan, were investigated in this study. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the FSB samples and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Illumina sequencing platform. Metagenomic data showed that the predominant bacteria in all FSBs were members of the genus (49.5-86.8%), and the Lawa FSB had the greatest bacterial diversity. The presence of genera , , in the Karen and Lawa FSBs and in the Shan FSB might be indicators of food hygiene problems during processing. The network analysis predicted antagonistic effects of against some indicator and pathogenic bacteria. The functional prediction revealed some potential functional properties of these FSBs. The presence of in all FSBs and in the Shan FSB suggests that these FSBs could potentially be good sources of beneficial bacteria, and they should be conserved and promoted for health and food security reasons. However, food processing hygiene measures should be introduced and monitored to warrant their properties as health foods.
PubMed: 36985222
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030649 -
Microorganisms Aug 2022Biofilm contamination in food production threatens food quality and safety, and causes bacterial infections. Study of food biofilms (BF) is of great importance. The...
Biofilm contamination in food production threatens food quality and safety, and causes bacterial infections. Study of food biofilms (BF) is of great importance. The taxonomic composition and structural organization of five foods BF taken in different workshops of a meat-processing plant (Moscow, RF) were studied. Samples were taken from the surface of technological equipment and premises. Metagenomic analysis showed both similarities in the presented microorganisms dominating in different samples, and unique families prevailing on certain objects were noted. The bacteria found belonged to 11 phyla (no archaea). The dominant ones were , , , and . The greatest diversity was in BFs taken from the cutting table of raw material. Biofilms' bacteria may be the cause of meat, fish and dairy products spoilage possible representatives include , , , , , , etc.). Opportunistic human and animal pathogens (possible representatives include , , , etc.) were also found. Electron-microscopic studies of BF thin sections revealed the following: (1) the diversity of cell morphotypes specific to multispecies BFs; (2) morphological similarity of cells in BFs from different samples, micro-colonial growth; (3) age heterogeneity of cells within the same microcolony (vegetative and autolyzed cells, resting forms); (4) heterogeneity of the polymer matrix chemical nature according to ruthenium red staining.
PubMed: 36014001
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081583 -
PeerJ 2022Although studies have shown that Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillales are the main components of the microbial community in pit mud during the brewing of...
BACKGROUND
Although studies have shown that Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillales are the main components of the microbial community in pit mud during the brewing of Luzhou-flavored liquor, little is known about the effect of brewing materials on spatial structures of this microbiome.
METHODS
High-throughput sequencing of the V4-V5 region of prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene was performed to analyze the microbial community diversity and spatial heterogeneity in Luzhou-flavored liquor pit muds with different brewing ingredients. The structural characteristics and heterogeneous spatial distribution of the pit mud microbial communities were examined using bioinformatics and multivariate statistical analysis methods.
RESULTS
Our results showed that Euryarchaeota, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, Tenericutes, and WWE1 were the dominant phyla in the pit mud microbiome. The Shannon and Simpson indices of the pit mud microbiome with three grains (M3G) in the upper layer were significantly lower than those in middle layer and bottom, whereas those of the pit mud microbiome with five grains (M5G) in bottom were significantly lower than those in middle layer ( < 0.05). There were significant differences in the microbial community compositions between the pit muds with different brewing ingredients and locations in the same pit ( < 0.05). T78 of Anaerolinaceae, , , , , and vadinCA02 of Synergistaceae were significantly enriched in M3G, whereas , , , , , , , , , RFN20 of Erysipelotrichaceae, , 125ds10 of Alteromonadales, , and were significantly enriched in M5G. This study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the influence of brewing ingredients in pit muds on the production of Luzhou-flavored liquor and the specific influence of pit mud microorganisms in different locations on liquor production.
Topics: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fermentation; Bacteria; Alcoholic Beverages; Microbiota; Firmicutes; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 35282287
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12987 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Linezolid is a critically important oxazolidinone antibiotic used in human medicine. Although linezolid is not licensed for use in food-producing animals, the use of...
BACKGROUND
Linezolid is a critically important oxazolidinone antibiotic used in human medicine. Although linezolid is not licensed for use in food-producing animals, the use of florfenicol in veterinary medicine co-selects for oxazolidinone resistance genes.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess the occurrence of , and in florfenicol-resistant isolates from beef cattle and veal calves from different herds in Switzerland.
METHODS
A total of 618 cecal samples taken from beef cattle and veal calves at slaughter originating from 199 herds were cultured after an enrichment step on a selective medium containing 10 mg/L florfenicol. Isolates were screened by PCR for , and which are genes known to confer resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols. One isolate per PCR-positive species and herd was selected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS).
RESULTS
Overall, 105 florfenicol-resistant isolates were obtained from 99 (16%) of the samples, corresponding to 4% of the beef cattle herds and 24% of the veal calf herds. Screening by PCR revealed the presence of in 95 (90%) and in 22 (21%) of the isolates. None of the isolates contained . Isolates included for AST and WGS analysis were (.) ( = 14), ( = 12), ( = 1), ( = 2), ( = 1), (.) ( = 2), (.) ( = 1), and (.) ( = 1). Thirteen isolates exhibited phenotypic linezolid resistance. Three novel OptrA variants were identified. Multilocus sequence typing identified four ST18 belonging to hospital-associated clade A1. There was a difference in the replicon profile among and -harboring plasmids, with rep9 (RepA_) plasmids dominating in -harboring and rep2 (Inc18) and rep29 (Rep_3) plasmids in -carrying .
CONCLUSION
Beef cattle and veal calves are reservoirs for enterococci with acquired linezolid resistance genes and . The presence of ST18 highlights the zoonotic potential of some bovine isolates. The dispersal of clinically relevant oxazolidinone resistance genes throughout a wide variety of species including spp., , and the probiotic in food-producing animals is a public health concern.
PubMed: 37389336
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1150070 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 20225-Fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan (CPT-11), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), and calcium folinate (CF) are widely used chemotherapeutic drugs to treat colorectal cancer. However,...
Chemotherapeutic Drugs Induce Different Gut Microbiota Disorder Pattern and NOD/RIP2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Activation That Lead to Different Degrees of Intestinal Injury.
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan (CPT-11), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), and calcium folinate (CF) are widely used chemotherapeutic drugs to treat colorectal cancer. However, chemotherapeutic use is often accompanied by intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota disorder. Changes in gut microbiota may destroy the intestinal barrier, which contributes to the severity of intestinal injury. However, intestinal injury and gut microbiota disorder have yet to be compared among 5-FU, CPT-11, L-OHP, and CF in detail, thereby limiting the development of targeted detoxification therapy after chemotherapy. In this study, a model of chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury in tumor-bearing mice was established by intraperitoneally injecting chemotherapeutic drugs at a clinically equivalent dose. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to detect gut microbiota. We found that 5-FU, CPT-11, and l-OHP caused intestinal injury, inflammatory cytokine (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and IL-6) secretion, and gut microbiota disorder. We established a complex but clear network between the pattern of changes in gut microbiota and degree of intestinal damage induced by different chemotherapeutic drugs. L-OHP caused the most severe damage in the intestine and disorder of the gut microbiota and showed a considerable overlap of the pattern of changes in microbiota with 5-FU and CPT-11. Analysis by Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt v.1.0) showed that the microbiota disorder pattern induced by 5-FU, CPT-11, and L-OHP was related to the NOD-like signaling pathway. Therefore, we detected the protein expression of the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway and found that L-OHP most activated this pathway. Redundancy analysis/canonical correlation analysis (RDA/CCA) revealed that , , , , , , , Proteus, Escherichia , , , Streptococcus, and " Saccharimonas" were highly correlated with the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway and influenced by chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury limits the clinical use of drugs. Intestinal injury involves multiple signaling pathways and gut microbiota disruption. Our results suggested that the degree of intestinal injury caused by different drugs of the first-line colorectal chemotherapy regimen is related to the pattern of changes in microbiota. The activation of the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway was also related to the pattern of changes in microbiota. l-OHP caused the most severe damage to the intestine and showed a considerable overlap of the pattern of changes in microbiota with 5-FU and CPT-11. Thirteen bacterial genera were related to different levels of intestinal injury and correlated with the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB pathway. Here, we established a network of different chemotherapeutic drugs, gut microbiota, and the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway. This study likely provided a new basis for further elucidating the mechanism and clinical treatment of intestinal injury caused by chemotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Antineoplastic Agents; Fluorouracil; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestinal Diseases; Irinotecan; NF-kappa B; Oxaliplatin; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 36222691
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01677-22