-
European Review For Medical and... Dec 2020The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) complicated by cerebral infarction and intestinal...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) complicated by cerebral infarction and intestinal flora, inflammatory factors, homocysteine, and adiponectin expression.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 30 healthy volunteers (control group), 28 patients with simple cerebral infarction (cerebral infarction group) and 28 patients with OSAHS complicated by cerebral infarction (OSAHS + cerebral infarction group) were enrolled as research objects. The fecal bacterial DNA of research objects was extracted and subject to 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing. Furthermore, the levels of inflammatory factors, homocysteine and adiponectin in the peripheral blood were detected.
RESULTS
Compared with control group, cerebral infarction group exhibited significantly higher levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β), IL-1β and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p<0.05). However, the levels of TNF-β, IL-1β and CRP in OSAHS + cerebral infarction group were notably higher than those in cerebral infarction group (p<0.05). The levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were remarkably higher in cerebral infarction group than those in the control group (p<0.05). However, they were significantly higher in OSAHS + cerebral infarction group than cerebral infarction group (p<0.05). Compared with control group, cerebral infarction group exerted a noticeably higher level of homocysteine (p<0.05). However, homocysteine level was markedly higher in OSAHS + cerebral infarction group than that in cerebral infarction group (p<0.05). Adiponectin level was significantly lower in cerebral infarction group than that in the control group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, it was evidently lower in OSAHS + cerebral infarction group than that in the cerebral infarction group (p<0.05). Control group had the highest abundance of Actinobacteria, and cerebral infarction group exhibited the highest abundance of Coriobacteriales, Vagococcus, Sphingobacteriales and Adlercreutzia. However, OSAHS + cerebral infarction group exhibited the highest abundance of Bifidobacterium, Parascardovia, Metascardovia and Anaerostipes caccae. There was a strong positive correlation between Proteobacterium and Ruminococcus (r=0.9, p=0.000) and between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (r=0.72, p=0.004). However, there was a significant negative correlation between Firmicutes and Enterobacteriales (r=-0.45, p=0.009).
CONCLUSIONS
OSAHS complicated by cerebral infarction is significantly associated with intestinal flora, inflammatory factors, homocysteine and adiponectin expression.
Topics: Adiponectin; C-Reactive Protein; Cerebral Infarction; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Homocysteine; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-4; Lymphotoxin-alpha; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
PubMed: 33378050
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202012_24204 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2022The linezolid resistance mediated by has exhibited an increasing trend among Gram-positive bacteria, which greatly limits the treatment options for severe bacterial...
The linezolid resistance mediated by has exhibited an increasing trend among Gram-positive bacteria, which greatly limits the treatment options for severe bacterial infections. However, the prevalence of was usually underestimated based on the existing screening methods. In this study, we used a traditional method and an improved method that included a high-salinity condition treatment after enrichment to screen for -carrying bacteria from stool samples from 1,018 healthy donors in Hangzhou, China. The fecal carriage rate of -carrying bacteria was 19.25% when screened by the improved method (196/1,018), which was much higher than that of the traditional method at 5.89% (60/1,018). Enterococci were the majority of the -positive isolates, while five nonenterococcal isolates were also obtained, including two Streptococcus gallolyticus, one Vagococcus lutrae, one Lactococcus garvieae, and one Lactococcus formosensis isolate. Whole-genome sequencing analysis identified four novel OptrA variants, IDKKGPM, IDKKGP, KLDK, and EYDDI, in these isolates, whose flanking regions with a gene downstream were bounded by different insertion sequences. In conclusion, our optimized method displayed high sensitivity in the detection of -positive bacteria in fecal samples and revealed a high carriage rate in a healthy population. Although enterococci are dominant, multiple -carrying Gram-positive bacteria were also found. This study represented an optimized screening approach for the gene, which is an important mechanism of antimicrobial resistance to linezolid as a last resort for the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant Gram-positive bacteria. We revealed a high fecal carriage rate of the gene among adults by this method and reported the first identification of in Lactococcus formosensis as well as the identification of this gene in Vagococcus lutrae and of the gene in Ligilactobacillus salivarius of human origin, suggesting the wide spread of the gene in the Gram-positive bacterial community.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Oxazolidinones; Linezolid; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterococcus; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 36377960
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02974-22 -
International Journal of Food Science 2024Indonesia has abundant traditional fermented food with various lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which can be developed into probiotics for pharmaceutical and functional food...
Indonesia has abundant traditional fermented food with various lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which can be developed into probiotics for pharmaceutical and functional food and feed products. This research is aimed at (1) obtaining and identifying LAB isolates and (2) studying the microbiome (bacterial diversity and abundance) of spontaneously-fermented traditional foods of Kalimantan Island, Cincalok, Tempoyak, and Mandai. To obtain LAB isolates, food samples were serially diluted and inoculated on MRS agar that contained 1% CaCO (MRSA). Isolates forming clear zones were purified and identified by DNA barcoding. The microbiome was studied using genomic-sequencing techniques and analysed for taxonomic composition. Seven pure isolates were obtained from Cincalok, two Tempoyak, and one Mandai. DNA barcoding revealed that the Cincalok seven isolates were (strain HSP-S16), (FSB201), , (SS1995), (S11-6), (C01), and (P3.1); two from Tempoyak, (E1D3BL1) and (UMCC-2996); and one from Mandai, (XAAS.x13; non-LAB). The , , , , and belong to LAB. The from Cincalok and non-LAB in these three fermented foods were the first documented report. The microbiome revealed the dominance of phyla in the fermented foods, with 93% in Cincalok, 89.94% in Tempoyak, and 60.32% in Mandai. On the genus level, Cincalok was dominated by 40.33%, 23.29%, 9.27%, and 6.84%. Meanwhile, Tempoyak was dominated only by 89.94%. Mandai were dominated by 31.97%, 17.14%, 16.85%, 15.15%, and 6.2%. However, Mandai's microbiome LAB was not culturable/isolated on MRSA. The plausibility is that those unculturable LAB require coculturing with other bacteria and additional media components to grow on MRSA. This study is the first report regarding the microbiome of Cincalok, Tempoyak, and Mandai, along with their culturable LAB isolates.
PubMed: 38715571
DOI: 10.1155/2024/6589766 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020The Atlantic horseshoe crab () is a common marine aquarium species and model organism for research. There is potential monetary and conservation value in developing a...
The Atlantic horseshoe crab () is a common marine aquarium species and model organism for research. There is potential monetary and conservation value in developing a stable captive population of horseshoe crabs, however, one major impediment to achieving captivity is a lack of knowledge regarding captive diseases. We utilized 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to track changes in the microbiomes of four body locations in three wild-caught (tracked over 14 months in captivity) and three tank-acclimated (>2 years in captivity) adult in a touch tank at Shark Reef Aquarium at Mandalay Bay in Las Vegas, NV. The wild population hosted diverse and distinct microbiomes on the carapace (260 ± 96 amplicon sequence variants or ASVs), cloaca (345 ± 77 ASVs), gills (309 ± 36 ASVs), and oral cavity (359 ± 37 ASVs), which were dominated by classes , , and . A rapid decline in richness across all body locations was observed within 1 month of captivity, with tank-acclimated (>2 years) animals having <5% of the initial microbiome richness and a nearly completely restructured microbial community. Tank-acclimated horseshoe crabs possessed distinct microbiomes that were highly uneven and low in species richness on the carapace (31 ± 7 ASVs), cloaca (53 ± 19 ASVs), gills (17 ± 2 ASVs), and oral cavity (31 ± 13 ASVs). The carapace, oral cavity, and gills of the tank-acclimated animals hosted abundant populations of (>60%) and (>20%), both of which are known opportunistic pathogens of aquatic animals and can express chitinases, providing a plausible mechanism for the development of the carapace lesion pathology observed in this and other studies. The cloaca of the tank-acclimated animals was slightly more diverse than the other body locations with , , , and dominating the community. These results provide an important baseline on the microbiomes of both wild and tank-acclimated horseshoe crabs and underscore the need to continue to investigate how native microbial populations may protect animals from pathogens.
PubMed: 32765431
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01398 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020This study aimed to analyze the intestinal flora of male versus female swamp eels, which have the unique characteristic of sex reversal. Same-aged swamp eels from the...
This study aimed to analyze the intestinal flora of male versus female swamp eels, which have the unique characteristic of sex reversal. Same-aged swamp eels from the same parents, kept under the same conditions in terms of environment, diet, etc., were used as the study materials. After breeding for 1 year, 18 healthy swamp eels (nine males and nine females), weighing 39.4 ± 2.3 g, were selected. The intestinal contents of three swamp eels of the same sex were combined and labeled as follows: FM1-FM3 ( = 3) for females and MM1-MM3 ( = 3) for males. High-throughput sequencing was used to research the v3-v4 region of 16S rDNA in the intestinal flora. The results suggested significant differences in the structure, composition, and diversity of the intestinal flora of male versus female swamp eels. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Spirochaetes in female swamp eels were significantly higher ( < 0.05) than in male swamp eels at the phylum level. The relative abundances of , , and in female swamp eels were considerably higher ( < 0.05) than in male swamp eels at the genus level. The Alpha diversity of females was higher than that of males, and the Shannon index of females was also significantly higher ( < 0.05, Tukey's HSD) than that in males. Investigations of Beta diversity, including NMDS ordination, UPGMA cluster analysis, and PLS-DA analysis, showed that female and male swamp eels could be clearly distinguished based on significant differences in intestinal flora between the FM group and the MM group. LEfSe analysis showed that the dominant bacteria were in male swamp eels and , , , and in female swamp eels. The results showed dramatic differences in the intestinal flora between the sexes, which indicates the need for a more in-depth study on sex reversal in the future.
PubMed: 32425902
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00699 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2021Once the body dies, the indigenous microbes of the host begin to break down the body from the inside and play a key role thereafter. This study aimed to investigate the...
Once the body dies, the indigenous microbes of the host begin to break down the body from the inside and play a key role thereafter. This study aimed to investigate the probable shift in the composition of the rectal microbiota at different time intervals up to 15 days after death and to explore bacterial taxa important for estimating the time since death. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes showed major shifts when checked at 11 different intervals and emerged at most of the postmortem intervals. At the species level, Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis showed a downward and upward trend, respectively, after day 5 postmortem. The phylum-, family-, genus-, and species-taxon richness decreased initially and then increased considerably. The turning point occurred on day 9, when the genus, rather than the phylum, family, or species, provided the most information for estimating the time since death. We constructed a prediction model using genus-level data from high-throughput sequencing, and seven bacterial taxa, namely, Enterococcus, Proteus, Lactobacillus, unidentified Clostridiales, Vagococcus, unidentified Corynebacteriaceae, and unidentified Enterobacteriaceae, were included in this model. The abovementioned bacteria showed potential for estimating the shortest time since death.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Postmortem Changes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 33420339
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80633-2 -
IDCases 2024, a bacterium generally isolated from fish and domestic animals, is a rarely reported human pathogen whose clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility...
, a bacterium generally isolated from fish and domestic animals, is a rarely reported human pathogen whose clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility remain uncertain. In this case report we describe a 19-year-old active-duty military sailor who suffered a blast injury to the left foot from a firework explosion. The injury was complicated by a polymicrobial wound infection that included . infections in humans are often associated with skin and soft tissue infection, including those resulting from trauma or blast injuries. This case serves to highlight this pathogen's role in causing invasive infections and as well as the importance of recognizing its clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance profiles.
PubMed: 38883211
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01995 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024The study addressed a significant gap in the profiling and understanding of the gut microbiota's influence on Malaysian Malay women with gestational diabetes mellitus...
The study addressed a significant gap in the profiling and understanding of the gut microbiota's influence on Malaysian Malay women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This prospective cohort study aimed to explore the intricate relationship between gut microbiota, dietary choices, and lifestyle factors among Malay women, both with and without GDM. The research specifically focused on participants during the second (T0) and third (T1) trimesters of pregnancy in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. In Part 1 of the study, a diverse pool of pregnant women at T0 was categorized into two groups: those diagnosed with GDM and those without GDM, with a total sample size of 105 individuals. The assessments encompassed demographic, clinical, lifestyle, and dietary factors at the T0 and T1 trimesters. Part 2 of the study delved into microbiome analysis, targeting a better understanding of the gut microbiota among the participants. Stool samples were randomly collected from 50% of the individuals in each group (GDM and non-GDM) at T0 and T1. The collected samples underwent processing, and 16s rRNA metagenomic analysis was employed to study the microbial composition. The results suggested an association between elevated body weight and glucose levels, poor sleep quality, lack of physical activity, greater intake of iron and meat, and reduced fruit consumption among women with GDM compared to non-GDM groups. The microbiome analysis revealed changes in microbial composition over time, with reduced diversity observed in the GDM group during the third trimester. The genera Lactiplantibacillus, Parvibacter, Prevotellaceae UCG001, and Vagococcus positively correlated with physical activity levels in GDM women in the second trimester. Similarly, the genus Victivallis exhibited a strong positive correlation with gravida and parity. On the contrary, the genus Bacteroides and Roseburia showed a negative correlation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in women without GDM in the third trimester. The study highlighted the multifaceted nature of GDM, involving a combination of lifestyle factors, dietary choices, and changes in gut microbiota composition. The findings emphasized the importance of considering these interconnected elements in understanding and managing gestational diabetes among Malaysian Malay women. Further exploration is essential to comprehend the mechanisms underlying this relationship and develop targeted interventions for effective GDM management.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Diabetes, Gestational; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Diet; Life Style
PubMed: 38519592
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57627-5 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022-fermented red mold rice (RMR) has excellent physiological efficacy on lipid metabolism and liver function. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of...
-fermented red mold rice (RMR) has excellent physiological efficacy on lipid metabolism and liver function. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of monascuspiloin (MP) from RMR on alcoholic liver injury in mice, and further clarified its mechanism of action. Results showed that MP intervention obviously ameliorated lipid metabolism and liver function in mice with over-drinking. In addition, dietary MP intervention reduced liver MDA levels and increased liver CAT, SOD, and GSH levels, thus alleviating liver oxidative stress induced by excessive drinking. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that MP intervention was beneficial to ameliorate intestinal microbiota dysbiosis by elevating the proportion of norank_f_, , , , , etc., but decreasing the proportion of , norank_f_, _UCG-001, , norank_f_, unclassified_f_, etc. Additionally, correlation network analysis indicated that the key intestinal bacterial taxa intervened by MP were closely related to some biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism, liver function, and oxidative stress. Moreover, liver metabolomics analysis revealed that dietary MP supplementation significantly regulated the levels of 75 metabolites in the liver, which were involved in the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, taurine, and hypotaurine metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. Furthermore, dietary MP intervention regulated gene transcription and protein expression associated with hepatic lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. In short, these findings suggest that MP mitigates alcohol-induced liver injury by regulating the intestinal microbiome and liver metabolic pathway, and thus can serve as a functional component to prevent liver disease.
PubMed: 36230124
DOI: 10.3390/foods11193048 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2019The black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is one of the most abundant carrion flies in North America. Calliphorids are important in...
The black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is one of the most abundant carrion flies in North America. Calliphorids are important in agriculture and animal production, veterinary sciences, forensics and medical entomology. While the role of flies in the epidemiology of human and animal diseases is an active area of research, little is known about the microorganisms associated with these insects. We examined the diversity of wild-caught black blow fly endogenous (internal body) and exogenous (external body) microbial communities using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, 27 phyla, 171 families and 533 genera were detected, and diversity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on external body surfaces. At the genus level, Dysgonomonas, Ignatzschineria, Acinetobacter, Vagococcus, Myroides, and Wohlfahrtiimonas were predominant. Cloning and sequencing of nearly full-length fragments of the 16S rRNA gene showed that some of the species identified are known to be pathogenic to humans, animals, and plants. Myroides odoratimimus and Acinetobacter radioresistens are well-known, multi-drug resistant bacteria. These results provide a snapshot of the microbial communities harbored by adult black blow flies and call for more comprehensive studies to better characterize the role these flies may play in the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms.
Topics: Animals; Biodiversity; Diptera; Farms; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Microbiota; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 31889104
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56733-z