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Toxics Jul 2023Black soldier fly () larvae (BSFL) possess remarkable antibiotic degradation abilities due to their robust intestinal microbiota. However, the response mechanism of BSFL...
Comparative Metagenomic and Metatranscriptomic Analyses Reveal the Response of Black Soldier Fly () Larvae Intestinal Microbes and Reduction Mechanisms to High Concentrations of Tetracycline.
Black soldier fly () larvae (BSFL) possess remarkable antibiotic degradation abilities due to their robust intestinal microbiota. However, the response mechanism of BSFL intestinal microbes to the high concentration of antibiotic stress remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the shift in BSFL gut microbiome and the functional genes that respond to 1250 mg/kg of tetracycline via metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis, respectively. The bio-physiological phenotypes showed that the survival rate of BSFL was not affected by tetracycline, while the biomass and substrate consumption of BSFL was slightly reduced. Natural BSFL achieved a 20% higher tetracycline degradation rate than the germ-free BSFL after 8 days of rearing. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing results revealed the differences between the entire and active microbiome. Metatranscriptomic analysis indicated that , , , and were the active genera that responded to tetracycline. Furthermore, based on the active functional genes that responded to tetracycline pressure, the response mechanisms of BSFL intestinal microbes were speculated as follows: the family that mediates the expression of efflux pumps expel tetracycline out of the microbes, while and release it from the ribosome. Eventually, tetracycline was degraded by deacetylases and novel enzymes. Overall, this study provides novel insights about the active intestinal microbes and their functional genes in insects responding to the high concentration of antibiotics.
PubMed: 37505576
DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070611 -
Food Science and Biotechnology Sep 2021Sufu is a common solid-state traditional fermented food made from soybean. Huase sufu is a typical type found in several provinces of China, especially in Hubei....
UNLABELLED
Sufu is a common solid-state traditional fermented food made from soybean. Huase sufu is a typical type found in several provinces of China, especially in Hubei. However, little is known about the bacterial community. High-throughput sequencing technology revealed that the dominant taxa at phylum level were: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroides, and at the genus level were: , , , etc. Additionally, LEfSe revealed that compared with the bacterial community of red sufu and white sufu, the biomarker genera for both huase sufu were , and . Moreover, there were twenty-eight hubs for the huase sufu samples, and four of them were dominant genera: , , , . These results provide a new insight into our understanding of the bacterial diversity of huase sufu, and will facilitate the isolation, screening, and development potential bacterial strains for production of huase sufu.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-021-00963-3.
PubMed: 34603822
DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00963-3 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2021In times of massive biodiversity loss and ongoing environmental crises, it is extremely important to ensure long-term conservation efforts of threatened species like...
In times of massive biodiversity loss and ongoing environmental crises, it is extremely important to ensure long-term conservation efforts of threatened species like Eurasian otters (). To gain insights into the status of Northern Germany's otter population, 92 otters found dead in Schleswig-Holstein between 2015-2020 were collected and underwent detailed dissection with the aim to establish a monitoring program for this population. Examinations followed a protocol especially designed for otters, including various biological data assessments and extended sampling. The finding sites showed a clear concentration in the Continental region. Seasonal concentration differed among the years, yet peaks were seen from fall to winter. Overall, more males than females were found, although this differed among the years. The majority of otters that could be aged were between 1-3 years. Placental scars and pregnancy were recorded in only few females. Nutritional status was good in most cases. Infectious diseases found included , , and spp. A major cause of death was roadkill. Known sample bias in studies focusing on roadkill was considered in the finding interpretation. Continuation of the population health investigations is mandatory to analyze potential trends and to establish an actual monitoring program for Eurasian otters in Schleswig-Holstein.
PubMed: 35011165
DOI: 10.3390/ani12010059 -
Microorganisms Mar 2024Gut microbes play a vital role in the health and disease of animals, especially in relation to pathogen infections. Chinchillas, ferrets, and marmots are commonly used...
Gut microbes play a vital role in the health and disease of animals, especially in relation to pathogen infections. Chinchillas, ferrets, and marmots are commonly used as important laboratory animals for infectious disease research. Here, we studied the bacterial and fungal microbiota and discovered that chinchillas had higher alpha diversity and a higher abundance of bacteria compared to marmots and ferrets by using the metabarcoding of 16S rRNA genes and ITS2, coupled with co-occurrence network analysis. The dominant microbes varied significantly among the three animal species, particularly in the gut mycobiota. In the ferrets, the feces were dominated by yeast such as and , while in the , we found and dominating, and , , and in the marmots. Nevertheless, the dominant bacterial genera shared some similarities, such as and across the three animal species. However, there were significant differences observed, such as and in the ferrets, and in the chinchillas, and and in the marmots. Additionally, our differential analysis revealed significant differences in classification levels among the three different animal species, as well as variations in feeding habitats that resulted in distinct contributions from the host microbiome. Therefore, our data are valuable for monitoring and evaluating the impacts of the microbiome, as well as considering potential applications.
PubMed: 38674591
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040646 -
European Review For Medical and... Apr 2020Currently, the therapeutic effect on patients with liver cancer is associated with disease development. Meanwhile, the efficacy in patients with advanced liver cancer is...
OBJECTIVE
Currently, the therapeutic effect on patients with liver cancer is associated with disease development. Meanwhile, the efficacy in patients with advanced liver cancer is far from satisfactory. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the association of disease condition with changes in liver function indexes, intestinal flora, and plasma endotoxin (ET) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in patients with liver cancer.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 300 patients with primary liver cancer in our hospital were enrolled in this study. All patients were divided into three groups, including early liver cancer group, middle liver cancer group, and advanced liver cancer group. Peripheral blood was collected from each subject to detect liver function indexes, procalcitonin (PCT), plasma ET, and VEGF levels. Furthermore, mid-posterior-segment stools were collected from 15 cases in each group, and sent to the company for detection of intestinal flora.
RESULTS
Liver function indexes in peripheral blood of patients with liver cancer changed with the changes in disease condition. With the progression of liver cancer, the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased significantly, and the highest was observed in advanced liver cancer patients [(91.18±10.34) U/L] (p=0.046). However, the level of plasma total protein declined significantly, which was (24.83±1.75) g/L in advanced liver cancer patients (p=0.035). The changes in total bilirubin were significantly associated with the progression of liver cancer (p=0.003). The abundance of Clostridiales, Firmicutes, and Streptococcus in the intestinal tract was high in early liver cancer group. The abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Pasteurellaceae, Tanticharoenia, and Vagococcus in the intestinal tract was high in middle liver cancer group. Meanwhile, the abundance of Bifidobacteriales, Actinobacteria, Barnesiella, Porphyromonadaceae, and Pseudomonadales in the intestinal tract was high in advanced liver cancer group. In patients with liver cancer, the level of Enterobacteriaceae was positively correlated with that of Firmicutes (r=0.36, p=0.003), whereas it was negatively correlated with Lactobacillus (r=-0.72, p=0.021). The level of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with that of Ruminococcaceae (r=0.39, p=0.043), whereas it was negatively correlated with that of Firmicutes (r=-0.27, p=0.019). In addition, the level of PCT markedly rose in advanced liver cancer group [(6.89±0.35) ng/mL] (p=0.021). The level of ET increased significantly with the development of liver cancer, with the highest level observed in advanced liver cancer group [(0.71±0.09) EU/mL] (p=0.004). The level of VEGF also increased remarkably with the aggravation of liver cancer, and the highest was found in advanced liver cancer group [(112.33±2.11) μmol/L], showing differences among groups (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
With the progression of liver cancer, the abundance of Barnesiella, etc., rose and that of Ruminococcaceae, etc., declined in the intestinal tract. Meanwhile, the composition of intestinal flora was changed, and the levels of plasma ET and VEGF increased.
Topics: Endotoxins; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
PubMed: 32329835
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202004_20822 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Apr 2023Diseases are quite common in fish farms because of changes in physico-chemical characteristics in the aquatic environment, and operational concerns, i.e., overstocking...
Diseases are quite common in fish farms because of changes in physico-chemical characteristics in the aquatic environment, and operational concerns, i.e., overstocking and feeding issues. In the present study, potential factors (water physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metal load) on the disease-causing state of the pathogenic bacteria and sp. were examined with machine learning techniques in a trout farm. Recording of physico-chemical characteristics of the water, fish sampling and bacteria identification were carried out at bimonthly intervals. A dataset was generated from the physico-chemical characteristics of the water and the occurrence of bacteria in the trout samples. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was used to determine the most important independent variables within the generated dataset. The most important seven features affecting bacteria occurrence were determined. The model creation process continued with these seven features. Three well-known machine learning techniques (Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression and Naïve Bayes) were used to model the dataset. Consequently, all the three models have produced comparable results, and Support Vector Machine (93.3% accuracy) had the highest accuracy. Monitoring changes in the aquaculture environment and detecting situations causing significant losses through machine learning techniques have a great potential to support sustainable production.
PubMed: 37008282
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103625 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Aug 2024Decomposition odor is produced during postmortem mammalian tissue breakdown by bacteria, insects, and intrinsic chemical processes. Past research has not thoroughly...
Decomposition odor is produced during postmortem mammalian tissue breakdown by bacteria, insects, and intrinsic chemical processes. Past research has not thoroughly investigated which volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be linked directly to individual bacterial species on decomposing remains. The purpose of this study was to profile the VOCs produced over time by individual species of bacteria using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) to expand our foundational knowledge of what each bacterial species contributes to decomposition odor. Five different species of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Ignatzschineria indica, Ignatzschineria ureiclastica, Curtobacterium luteum, and Vagococcus lutrae) were cultured on standard nutrient agar individually and monitored daily using solid phase microextraction arrow (SPME Arrow) and GC×GC in combination with quadrupole mass spectrometry (qMS) and flame ionization detection (FID). The GC×GC-qMS/FID approach was used to generate rich VOC profiles that represented the bacterial species' metabolic VOC production longitudinally. The data obtained from the chromatographic output was used to compare with a prior study using one-dimensional GC-qMS, and also between each of the five species to investigate the extent of overlap between species. No single VOC could be found in all five bacterial species investigated, and there was little overlap in the profile between species. To further visualize these differences, chromatographic peak data was investigated using two different ordination strategies, principal component analysis (PCA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The two ordination strategies were compared with each other using a Procrustes analysis. This was performed to understand differences in ordination strategies between the separation science community and chemical ecological community. Overall, ordination strategies were found to produce similar results, as evidenced by the correlation of PCA and PCoA in the Procrustes analysis. All analysis strategies yielded distinct VOC profiles for each species. Further study of additional species will support understanding of the holistic view of decomposition odor from a chemical ecology perspective, and further support our understanding of the production of decomposition odor that culminates from such a complex environment.
Topics: Volatile Organic Compounds; Bacteria; Solid Phase Microextraction; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Animals; Odorants; Postmortem Changes; Chromatography, Gas
PubMed: 38797136
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465017 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Mar 2024Vagococcal infections are extremely rare in humans. There are limited studies on the optimal methods for identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and...
BACKGROUND
Vagococcal infections are extremely rare in humans. There are limited studies on the optimal methods for identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and clinical manifestations of vagococcal infections. Herein, we report a patient with a urinary tract infection who had Vagococcus fluvialis in the urine.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 84-year-old man presented to our urology department with a fever that had persisted for several days. He previously worked as a zoo clerk. The patient underwent a left nephroureterectomy for ureteral cancer 5 years ago, and total cystectomy and right cutaneous ureterostomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer 1 year prior. He was empirically treated with 500 mg of levofloxacin intravenously every 24 h for the urinary tract infection. V. fluvialis was detected in his urine samples and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in his urine and blood samples. Two bacterial species were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. He was administered intravenous levofloxacin for approximately 1 week, followed by oral levofloxacin for another week, after which the infections were eradicated.
CONCLUSIONS
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of V. fluvialis detected in human urine in Japan. Vagococcus spp. is commonly isolated from fish or animals, and based on the patient's work history, it is possible that the patient was a carrier because of transmission from animals.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Male; Enterococcaceae; Gram-Positive Cocci; Japan; Levofloxacin; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 38515029
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09193-4 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019Seafood and fishery products are very perishable commodities with short shelf-lives owing to rapid deterioration of their organoleptic and microbiological quality....
Salmon Gravlax Biopreservation With Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Polyphasic Approach to Assessing the Impact on Organoleptic Properties, Microbial Ecosystem and Volatilome Composition.
Seafood and fishery products are very perishable commodities with short shelf-lives owing to rapid deterioration of their organoleptic and microbiological quality. Microbial growth and activity are responsible for up to 25% of food losses in the fishery industry. In this context and to meet consumer demand for minimally processed food, developing mild preservation technologies such as biopreservation represents a major challenge. In this work, we studied the use of six lactic acid bacteria (LAB), previously selected for their properties as bioprotective agents, for salmon dill gravlax biopreservation. Naturally contaminated salmon dill gravlax slices, with a commercial shelf-life of 21 days, were purchased from a French industrial company and inoculated by spraying with the protective cultures (PCs) to reach an initial concentration of 10 log CFU/g. PC impact on gravlax microbial ecosystem (cultural and acultural methods), sensory properties (sensory profiling test), biochemical parameters (pH, TMA, TVBN, biogenic amines) and volatilome was followed for 25 days of storage at 8°C in vacuum packaging. PC antimicrobial activity was also assessed against . This polyphasic approach underlined two scenarios depending on the protective strain. SF1944, EU2229 and EU2249, were very competitive in the product, dominated the microbial ecosystem, and displayed antimicrobial activity against the spoilage microbiota and The strains also expressed their own sensory and volatilome signatures. However, of these three strains, SF1944 did not induce strong spoilage and was the most efficient for growth control. By contrast, CD264, MIP2551 and SF1044 were not competitive, did not express strong antimicrobial activity and produced only few organic volatile compounds (VOCs). However, CD264 was the only strain to extend the sensory quality, even beyond 25 days. This study shows that SF1944 and CD264 both have a promising potential as bioprotective cultures to ensure salmon gravlax microbial safety and sensorial quality, respectively.
PubMed: 32038547
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03103 -
3 Biotech Feb 2021An innovative investigation was undertaken into the abundance and diversity of high antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aquaculture waters in Shandong Province, China,...
UNLABELLED
An innovative investigation was undertaken into the abundance and diversity of high antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aquaculture waters in Shandong Province, China, through cumulation incubation, PCR amplification of 16S rDNA, and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that and were abundant in the aquaculture waters, whereas other phylum including , , and had relatively lower abundance. Our studies revealed the presence of different bacteria in different locations in the aquaculture waters, most of which were resistant to multiple antibiotics. That is, the same microbial species from the same aquaculture wastewater can resist different antibiotics. Altogether, a considerable portion of the microbial community were found to be multi-drug resistant. It is essential that the spread of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria is controlled so that the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes to other environments is avoided.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02656-4.
PubMed: 33552832
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02656-4