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Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2022Vascular aging is a specific type of organic aging that plays a central role in the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among the... (Review)
Review
Vascular aging is a specific type of organic aging that plays a central role in the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among the elderly. It is essential to develop novel interventions to prevent/delay age-related vascular pathologies by targeting fundamental cellular and molecular aging processes. Endogenous vasoactive peptides are compounds formed by a group of amino acids connected by peptide chains that exert regulatory roles in intercellular interactions involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that a variety of vasoactive peptides play important roles in the occurrence and development of vascular aging and related diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular calcification, abdominal aortic aneurysms, and stroke. This review will summarize the cumulative roles and mechanisms of several important endogenous vasoactive peptides in vascular aging and vascular aging-related diseases. In addition, we also aim to explore the promising diagnostic function as biomarkers and the potential therapeutic application of endogenous vasoactive peptides in vascular aging-related diseases.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Amino Acids; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Humans; Peptides; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 36225176
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1534470 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2022Sleep and wakefulness are basic behavioral states that require coordination between several brain regions, and they involve multiple neurochemical systems, including... (Review)
Review
Sleep and wakefulness are basic behavioral states that require coordination between several brain regions, and they involve multiple neurochemical systems, including neuropeptides. Neuropeptides are a group of peptides produced by neurons and neuroendocrine cells of the central nervous system. Like traditional neurotransmitters, neuropeptides can bind to specific surface receptors and subsequently regulate neuronal activities. For example, orexin is a crucial component for the maintenance of wakefulness and the suppression of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In addition to orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone, and galanin may promote REM sleep. These results suggest that neuropeptides play an important role in sleep-wake regulation. These neuropeptides can be divided into three categories according to their effects on sleep-wake behaviors in rodents and humans. (i) Galanin, melanin-concentrating hormone, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide are sleep-promoting peptides. It is also noticeable that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide particularly increases REM sleep. (ii) Orexin and neuropeptide S have been shown to induce wakefulness. (iii) Neuropeptide Y and substance P may have a bidirectional function as they can produce both arousal and sleep-inducing effects. This review will introduce the distribution of various neuropeptides in the brain and summarize the roles of different neuropeptides in sleep-wake regulation. We aim to lay the foundation for future studies to uncover the mechanisms that underlie the initiation, maintenance, and end of sleep-wake states.
Topics: Galanin; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Neuropeptides; Orexins; Sleep; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
PubMed: 35562990
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094599 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Nov 2022Genetically encoded fluorescent voltage indicators are ideally suited to reveal the millisecond-scale interactions among and between targeted cell populations. However,...
Genetically encoded fluorescent voltage indicators are ideally suited to reveal the millisecond-scale interactions among and between targeted cell populations. However, current indicators lack the requisite sensitivity for in vivo multipopulation imaging. We describe next-generation green and red voltage sensors, Ace-mNeon2 and VARNAM2, and their reverse response-polarity variants pAce and pAceR. Our indicators enable 0.4- to 1-kilohertz voltage recordings from >50 spiking neurons per field of view in awake mice and ~30-minute continuous imaging in flies. Using dual-polarity multiplexed imaging, we uncovered brain state-dependent antagonism between neocortical somatostatin-expressing (SST) and vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP) interneurons and contributions to hippocampal field potentials from cell ensembles with distinct axonal projections. By combining three mutually compatible indicators, we performed simultaneous triple-population imaging. These approaches will empower investigations of the dynamic interplay between neuronal subclasses at single-spike resolution.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Action Potentials; Hippocampus; Interneurons; Neurons; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Molecular Imaging; Rhodopsin; Luminescent Proteins; Visual Cortex; Fluorescence; Luminescent Measurements
PubMed: 36378956
DOI: 10.1126/science.abm8797 -
World Journal of Transplantation Oct 2021Donor management is the key in the complex donation process, since up to 20% of organs of brain death donors (DBD) are lost due to hemodynamic instability. This... (Review)
Review
Donor management is the key in the complex donation process, since up to 20% of organs of brain death donors (DBD) are lost due to hemodynamic instability. This challenge is made more difficult due to the lack of strong recommendations on therapies for hemodynamic management in DBDs and more importantly to the epidemiologic changes in these donors who are becoming older and with more comorbidities (marginal donors). In the present manuscript we aimed at summarizing the available evidence on therapeutic strategies for hemodynamic management (focusing on vasoactive drugs) and monitoring (therapeutic goals). Evidence on management in elderly DBDs is also summarized. Donor management continues critical care but with different and specific therapeutic goals since the number of donor goals met is related to the number of organs retrieved and transplanted. Careful monitoring of selected parameters (possibly including serial echocardiography) is the clinical tool able to guarantee the achievement and maintaining of therapeutic goals. Despide worldwide differences, norepinephrine is the vasoactive of choice in most countries but, whenever higher doses (> 0.2 mcg/kg/min) are needed, a second vasoactive drug (vasopressin) is advisable. Hormonal therapy (desmopressin, corticosteroid and thyroid hormone) are suggested in all DBDs independently of hemodynamic instability. In the single patient, therapeutic regimen (imprimis vasoactive drugs) should be chosen also according to the potential organs retrievable ( heart liver and kidneys).
PubMed: 34722170
DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v11.i10.410 -
Journal of Biosciences 2020The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that acts as the primary circadian pacemaker in mammals is responsible for orchestrating multiple circadian rhythms in every organism.... (Review)
Review
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that acts as the primary circadian pacemaker in mammals is responsible for orchestrating multiple circadian rhythms in every organism. A network structure in the SCN composed of multiple types of neurons orchestrates the circadian rhythms. Despite speculations regarding the working of the clock, the molecular mechanisms governing it is far from clear. The molecular mechanism seems to be woven around the genes present and their linking with the neuromodulators. With the advancement in knowledge regarding the role of neuromodulators in the workings of the clock, especially that of Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), the entire picture of the mechanisms involved and therefore the importance of these neuromodulators has changed considerably. AVP seems to be very important for the functioning of the clock and its role has been well established based on the evidence available at present. Enormous research is going on to study the role of AVP and new roles are likely to be assigned to AVP in the execution of function in the SCN. Of late, there have been reports indicating linkage of AVP with jet lag in a positive way, suggesting vasopressin signalling as a possible remedy for ill effects and their improvement. Studies also show circadian rhythm disturbances in mood disorders and the same is related to AVP levels in the SCN. Various findings are thus in accordance with strong suggestions for a critical role for AVP in SCN function.
Topics: Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Neurons; Signal Transduction; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Vasopressins
PubMed: 33361631
DOI: No ID Found -
Blood Sep 2022
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Graft vs Host Disease; Humans; Tissue Donors; Transplantation, Homologous; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
PubMed: 36136363
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016451 -
Frontiers in Neural Circuits 2023Fear learning and memory rely on dynamic interactions between the excitatory and inhibitory neuronal populations that make up the prefrontal cortical, amygdala, and... (Review)
Review
Fear learning and memory rely on dynamic interactions between the excitatory and inhibitory neuronal populations that make up the prefrontal cortical, amygdala, and hippocampal circuits. Whereas inhibition of excitatory principal cells (PCs) by GABAergic neurons restrains their excitation, inhibition of GABAergic neurons promotes the excitation of PCs through a process called disinhibition. Specifically, GABAergic interneurons that express parvalbumin (PV+) and somatostatin (SOM+) provide inhibition to different subcellular domains of PCs, whereas those that express the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP+) facilitate disinhibition of PCs by inhibiting PV+ and SOM+ interneurons. Importantly, although the main connectivity motifs and the underlying network functions of PV+, SOM+, and VIP+ interneurons are replicated across cortical and limbic areas, these inhibitory populations play region-specific roles in fear learning and memory. Here, we provide an overview of the fear processing in the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex based on the evidence obtained in human and animal studies. Moreover, focusing on recent findings obtained using genetically defined imaging and intervention strategies, we discuss the population-specific functions of PV+, SOM+, and VIP+ interneurons in fear circuits. Last, we review current insights that integrate the region-specific inhibitory and disinhibitory network patterns into fear memory acquisition and fear-related disorders.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Learning; Interneurons; Fear; Memory; GABAergic Neurons; Parvalbumins; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
PubMed: 37035504
DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1122314 -
Faculty Reviews 2021Despite recent advances in the treatment of chronic heart failure, therapeutic options for acute heart failure (AHF) remain limited. AHF admissions are associated with... (Review)
Review
Despite recent advances in the treatment of chronic heart failure, therapeutic options for acute heart failure (AHF) remain limited. AHF admissions are associated with significant multi-organ dysfunction, especially worsening renal failure, which results in significant morbidity and mortality. There are several aspects of AHF management: diagnosis, decongestion, vasoactive therapy, goal-directed medical therapy initiation and safe transition of care. Effective diagnosis and prognostication could be very helpful in an acute setting and rely upon biomarker evaluation with noninvasive assessment of fluid status. Decongestive strategies could be tailored to include pharmaceutical options along with consideration of utilizing ultrafiltration for refractory hypervolemia. Vasoactive agents to augment cardiac function have been evaluated in patients with AHF but have shown to only have limited efficacy. Post stabilization, initiation of quadruple goal-directed medical therapy-angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, mineral receptor antagonists, sodium glucose type 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, and beta blockers-to prevent myocardial remodeling is being advocated as a standard of care. Safe transition of care is needed prior to discharge to prevent heart failure rehospitalization and mortality. Post-discharge close ambulatory monitoring (including remote hemodynamic monitoring), virtual visits, and rehabilitation are some of the strategies to consider. We hereby review the contemporary approach in AHF diagnosis and management.
PubMed: 35028647
DOI: 10.12703/r/10-82 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023In the past decades, advances in the use of adoptive cellular therapy to treat cancer have led to unprecedented responses in patients with relapsed/refractory or... (Review)
Review
In the past decades, advances in the use of adoptive cellular therapy to treat cancer have led to unprecedented responses in patients with relapsed/refractory or late-stage malignancies. However, cellular exhaustion and senescence limit the efficacy of FDA-approved T-cell therapies in patients with hematologic malignancies and the widespread application of this approach in treating patients with solid tumors. Investigators are addressing the current obstacles by focusing on the manufacturing process of effector T cells, including engineering approaches and expansion strategies to regulate T-cell differentiation. Here we reviewed the current small-molecule strategies to enhance T-cell expansion, persistence, and functionality during manufacturing. We further discussed the synergistic benefits of the dual-targeting approaches and proposed novel vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor antagonists (VIPR-ANT) peptides as emerging candidates to enhance cell-based immunotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; T-Lymphocytes; Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 37153607
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154566