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BMC Oral Health Jun 2021Supragingival plaque and saliva are commonly used for microbiome analysis. Many epidemiological studies have identified deciduous teeth caries as a risk factor for...
BACKGROUND
Supragingival plaque and saliva are commonly used for microbiome analysis. Many epidemiological studies have identified deciduous teeth caries as a risk factor for caries development in first permanent molar (FPM); nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the effects of deciduous teeth caries on the microbiome of healthy FPM. Additionally, it remains unclear whether saliva can be used instead of supragingival plaque for caries microbial studies. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate this issue, and to characterize and compare the oral microbiome of healthy FPMs in children with different caries statuses and that from children with and without caries in a similar microhabitat, by PacBio sequencing. Currently, few studies have investigated the oral microbiome of children using this technique.
METHODS
Thirty children (aged 7-9 years) with mixed dentition were enrolled; 15 had dental caries, and 15 did not. Supragingival plaques of deciduous molars and maxillary FPMs, and non-stimulating saliva samples were collected. DNA was extracted and the v1-v9 regions of 16S rRNA were amplified. Subsequently, PacBio sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed for microbiome identification.
RESULTS
The microbial alpha diversity of the saliva samples was lower than that of the supragingival plaque (p < 0.05); however, no differences were detected between deciduous teeth and FPMs (p > 0.05). In addition, the alpha and beta diversity of children with and without caries was also similar (p > 0.05). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and Adonis analyses indicated that the microbial structure of salivary and supragingival plaque samples differ (p < 0.05). Further analysis of deciduous teeth plaque showed that Streptococcus mutans, Propionibacterium acidifaciens, and Veillonella dispar were more abundant in children with caries than in those without (p < 0.05); while in FPMs plaque, Selenomonas noxia was more abundant in healthy children (p < 0.05). No differences in microorganisms abundance were found in the saliva subgroups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
We have determined that supragingival plaque was the best candidate for studying carious microbiome. Furthermore, S. mutans, V. dispar, and P. acidifaciens were highly associated with deciduous teeth caries. S. noxia may be associated with the abiding health of FPM; however, this requires additional studies.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dentition, Mixed; Humans; Microbiota; Propionibacterium; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Selenomonas; Veillonella
PubMed: 34172026
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01683-0 -
Relationship of the lung microbiome with PD-L1 expression and immunotherapy response in lung cancer.Respiratory Research Dec 2021Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The human lung serves as a niche to a unique and dynamic bacterial community that is related to the...
BACKGROUND
Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The human lung serves as a niche to a unique and dynamic bacterial community that is related to the development of multiple diseases. Here, we investigated the differences in the lung microbiomes of patients with lung cancer.
METHODS
16S rRNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the respiratory tract microbiome present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Patients were stratified based on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels and immunotherapy responses.
RESULTS
In total, 84 patients were prospectively analyzed, of which 59 showed low (< 10%), and 25 showed high (≥ 10%) PD-L1 expression levels. The alpha and beta diversities did not significantly differ between the two groups. Veillonella dispar was dominant in the high-PD-L1 group; the population of Neisseria was significantly higher in the low-PD-L1 group than in the high-PD-L1 group. In the immunotherapy responder group, V. dispar was dominant, while Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria perflava were dominant in the non-responder group.
CONCLUSION
The abundances of Neisseria and V. dispar differed significantly in relation to PD-L1 expression levels and immunotherapy responses.
Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; B7-H1 Antigen; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Immunotherapy; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 34963470
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01919-1 -
International Journal of Obesity (2005) Jan 2020Mother-to-newborn transmission of obesity-associated microbiota may be modified by birth mode (vaginal vs. Cesarean delivery). Prospective data to test this hypothesis...
BACKGROUND
Mother-to-newborn transmission of obesity-associated microbiota may be modified by birth mode (vaginal vs. Cesarean delivery). Prospective data to test this hypothesis are still sparse.
OBJECTIVE
To examine prospective associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain with the infant gut microbiome by birth-mode strata.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
In 335 mother-infant pairs in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort, we ascertained data from questionnaires and medical records, and generated microbiome data from 6-week-old infants' stool using Illumina 16s rRNA gene sequencing (V4-V5 region). Analyses were stratified by birth mode and conducted before and after adjusting for potential confounders, which included maternal age, education, parity, and Mediterranean diet score.
RESULTS
Among 335 mothers, 56% had normal pre-pregnancy BMI ( < 25, referent), 27% were overweight (BMI 25-30), and 18% obese (BMI > 30). Among the 312 mothers with weight gain data, 10% had inadequate weight gain, 30% adequate (referent), and 60% excess. Birth mode modified associations of pre-pregnancy BMI with several genera, including the most abundant genus, Bacteroides (P for interaction = 0.05). In the vaginal-delivery group, maternal overweight or obesity was associated with higher infant gut microbiome diversity and higher relative abundance of 15 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including overrepresentation of Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Veillonella dispar, and OTUs in the genera Staphylococcus and Enterococcus. In the Cesarean-delivered group, there were no significant associations of pre-pregnancy BMI with infant microbiome (alpha) diversity or OTUs. Gestational weight gain was not associated with differential relative abundance of infant gut microbial OTUs or with measures of microbial diversity in infants delivered vaginally or by Cesarean section.
CONCLUSIONS
Among vaginally-delivered infants, maternal overweight and obesity was associated with altered infant gut microbiome composition and higher diversity. These associations were not observed in Cesarean-delivered infants, whose microbiome development differs from vaginally-delivered infants. Our study provides additional evidence of birth-mode dependent associations of maternal body weight status with the infant gut microbiota. The role of these associations in mediating the intergenerational cycle of obesity warrants further examination.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Delivery, Obstetric; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gestational Weight Gain; Humans; Infant; Male; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 30765892
DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0273-0 -
BioMed Research International 2023Peri-implant diseases are emerging issues in contemporary implant dentistry. As biofilms play a critical role in peri-implant diseases, the characteristic of resisting...
BACKGROUND
Peri-implant diseases are emerging issues in contemporary implant dentistry. As biofilms play a critical role in peri-implant diseases, the characteristic of resisting bacterial adhesion would be ideal for dental implants. The aims of the study were to compare titanium (Ti) and zirconia (Zr) implants regarding the amount of biofilm formation at different time frames and assess the distribution of biofilm on different aspects of dental implants.
METHODS
Biofilm was developed on Ti and Zr dental implants with a peri-implant-related multispecies model with , , , and , for 3 and 14 days. Quantitative assessment was performed with the measurement of total bacterial viability (colony forming units, CFU/mg). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate biofilm formation on different aspects of the implants.
RESULTS
Three-day-old biofilm on Ti implants was significantly higher than that on Zr implants ( < 0.001). The Ti and Zr groups were not significantly different for 14-day-old biofilm. SEM images demonstrated that 3-day-old biofilm on Zr implants was sparse while biofilm growth was more pronounced for 3-day-old biofilm on Ti implants and 14-day-old biofilm groups. It appeared that less biofilm formed on the valley compared to the thread top for 3-day-old biofilm on Zr implants. Differences between the valley and the thread top became indistinguishable with the development of mature biofilm.
CONCLUSION
While early formed biofilms show greater accumulation on Ti implants compared to Zr implants, older biofilms between the two groups are comparable. The distribution of biofilms was not uniform on different areas of implant threads during early biofilm development.
Topics: Humans; Titanium; Dental Implants; Peri-Implantitis; Biofilms; Surface Properties
PubMed: 37096222
DOI: 10.1155/2023/8728499 -
Microorganisms Jun 2020Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the chronic inflammation of the sinus cavities of the upper respiratory tract, which can be caused by a disrupted microbiome. However,...
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the chronic inflammation of the sinus cavities of the upper respiratory tract, which can be caused by a disrupted microbiome. However, the role of the oral microbiome in CRS is not well understood. Polymicrobial and anaerobic infections of CRS frequently increased the difficulty of cultured and antibiotic therapy. This study aimed to elucidate the patterns and clinical feasibility of the oral microbiome in CRS diagnosis. Matched saliva and nasal swabs were collected from 18 CRS patients and 37 saliva specimens from normal volunteers were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. The α-diversity of the saliva displayed no significant difference between control and CRS patients, whereas the β-diversity was significantly different ( = 0.004). Taxonomic indices demonstrated that , , and were enriched, while and were reduced in the saliva of CRS patients. These microbial markers could significantly distinguish CRS patients from control (AUC = 0.939). It is noted that the 16S rRNA results of the nasal swab were consistent with the nasopharynx aerobic culture, and additionally detected multiple pathogens in CRS patients. In summary, these results indicated these oral microbiomes may provide a novel signal for CRS detection and that NGS may be an alternative approach for CRS diagnosis.
PubMed: 32604855
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060959 -
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Bacterial adhesion to dental implants is the onset for the development of pathological biofilms. Reliable characterization of this initial process is the basis towards...
Bacterial adhesion to dental implants is the onset for the development of pathological biofilms. Reliable characterization of this initial process is the basis towards the development of anti-biofilm strategies. In the present study, single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS), by means of an atomic force microscope connected to a microfluidic pressure control system (FluidFM), was used to comparably measure adhesion forces of different oral bacteria within a similar experimental setup to the common implant material titanium. The bacteria selected belong to different ecological niches in oral biofilms: the commensal pioneers and ; secondary colonizer ; and the late colonizing pathogens as well as fimbriated and non-fimbriated . The results showed highest values for early colonizing pioneer species, strengthening the link between adhesion forces and bacteria's role in oral biofilm development. Additionally, the correlation between biophysical cellular characteristics and SCFS results across species was analyzed. Here, distinct correlations between electrostatically driven maximum adhesion force, bacterial surface elasticity and surface charge as well as single-molecule attachment points, stretching capability and metabolic activity, could be identified. Therefore, this study provides a step towards the detailed understanding of oral bacteria initial adhesion and could support the development of infection-resistant implant materials in future.
PubMed: 36290534
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100567 -
Lupus Science & Medicine Oct 2021The risk factors associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with SLE remain uncertain. We evaluated the vaginal microbiota pattern and its potential...
OBJECTIVE
The risk factors associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with SLE remain uncertain. We evaluated the vaginal microbiota pattern and its potential UTI-associated risk factors.
METHODS
A pilot cross-sectional study of patients with SLE was conducted at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, during 2019-2020. Patients' demographic data and relevant information were collected. Vaginal microbiota was assessed in all patients and in 10 healthy volunteers.
RESULTS
Fifty-two patients were enrolled (mean age: 46.1 years). All patients had SLE that was in low disease activity. As per the Simpson_e index, the within-group alpha diversity of the vaginal microbiota was low in the SLE with UTI and SLE receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that TMP-SMX prophylaxis (adjusted OR (AOR), 30.96; 95% CI 3.63 to 264.11; p=0.002), elevated C3 levels (AOR, 35.33; 95% CI 1.33 to 936.67; p=0.033) and presence of in the vaginal microbiota (AOR, 6.68; 95% CI 1.27 to 35.07; p=0.025) were associated with UTI.
CONCLUSIONS
The vaginal microbiota diversity differed between patients with lupus with and without UTI, and unnecessary administration of TMP-SMX prophylaxis may affect the alpha diversity of the vaginal microbiota.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Thailand; Urinary Tract Infections; Veillonella
PubMed: 34706864
DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2021-000551 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Jan 2020To evaluate the potential impact of intrapartum antibiotics, and their specific classes, on the infant gut microbiota in the first year of life.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the potential impact of intrapartum antibiotics, and their specific classes, on the infant gut microbiota in the first year of life.
DESIGN
Prospective study of infants in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS).
SETTINGS
Rural New Hampshire, USA.
POPULATION OR SAMPLE
Two hundred and sixty-six full-term infants from the NHBCS.
METHODS
Intrapartum antibiotic use during labour and delivery was abstracted from medical records. Faecal samples collected at 6 weeks and 1 year of age were characterised by 16S rRNA sequencing, and metagenomics analysis in a subset of samples.
EXPOSURES
Maternal exposure to antibiotics during labour and delivery.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Taxonomic and functional profiles of faecal samples.
RESULTS
Infant exposure to intrapartum antibiotics, particularly to two or more antibiotic classes, was independently associated with lower microbial diversity scores as well as a unique bacterial community at 6 weeks (GUnifrac, P = 0.02). At 1 year, infants in the penicillin-only group had significantly lower α diversity scores than infants not exposed to intrapartum antibiotics. Within the first year of life, intrapartum exposure to penicillins was related to a significantly lower increase in several taxa including Bacteroides, use of cephalosporins was associated with a significantly lower rise over time in Bifidobacterium and infants in the multi-class group experienced a significantly higher increase in Veillonella dispar.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that intrapartum antibiotics alter the developmental trajectory of the infant gut microbiome, and specific antibiotic types may impact community composition, diversity and keystone immune training taxa.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Class of intrapartum antibiotics administered during delivery relates to maturation of infant gut microbiota.
Topics: Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacteroides; Bacteroidetes; Bifidobacterium; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactobacillus; Maternal Exposure; Mothers; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Term Birth; Vagina; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 31006170
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15799 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants, born weighing less than 1,500 grams, are at risk for both gut dysbiosis and later neuropsychological developmental deficits....
INTRODUCTION
Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants, born weighing less than 1,500 grams, are at risk for both gut dysbiosis and later neuropsychological developmental deficits. Behavioral effects, while related to neurodevelopment, are often more subtle and difficult to measure. The extent of later neurobehavioral consequences associated with such microbial dysbiosis has yet to be determined. We explored associations between the infants' gut microbiome and early childhood behavior at 4 years of age and identified the bacterial taxa through a multivariate analysis by linear models.
METHODS
Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) focused on different DSM diagnostic categories: affective, anxiety, pervasive developmental, attention deficit/hyperactivity, and oppositional defiant. All the CBCL scores were corrected for gender, delivery method, gestational age, infant birth weight, occurrence of sepsis, and days on antibiotics prior statistical analyses. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed to determine the relationship between early life gut microbiome and the adjusted CBCL scores. The association of bacterial Amplicon sequence Variants (ASVs) to the CBCL scores were tested with multivariate analysis by linear models (MaAsLin).
RESULTS
Nineteen children who were previously born with very low birth weight and studied while hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were included in this study. Statistically significant associations were observed between early life gut bacteria such as , and to later behavior at 4 years. No significant association could be observed with early-life gut microbiome alpha diversity and behavioral measures at 4 years.
DISCUSSION
These preliminary observational data provide insight into the relationships between VLBW gut microbiome dysbiosis and childhood behavior. This study contributes to the literature on gut microbiome analysis by examining various behavioral domains using a standardized tool linked to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
PubMed: 38419643
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1294549 -
Journal of Periodontology Oct 2020There is a sparsity of data describing the periodontal microbiome in elderly individuals. We analyzed the association of subgingival bacterial profiles and clinical...
BACKGROUND
There is a sparsity of data describing the periodontal microbiome in elderly individuals. We analyzed the association of subgingival bacterial profiles and clinical periodontal status in a cohort of participants in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP).
METHODS
Dentate individuals underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination at six sites/tooth. Up to four subgingival plaque samples per person, each obtained from the mesio-lingual site of the most posterior tooth in each quadrant, were harvested and pooled. Periodontal status was classified according to the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) criteria as well as based on the percentage of teeth/person with pockets ≥4 mm deep. Bacterial DNA was isolated and was processed and analyzed using Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS). Differential abundance across the periodontal phenotypes was calculated using the R package DESeq2. α- and β-diversity metrics were calculated using DADA2-based clustering.
RESULTS
The mean age of the 739 participants was 74.5 years, and 32% were male. Several taxa including Sneathia amnii-like sp., Peptoniphilaceae [G-1] bacterium HMT 113, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fretibacterium fastidiosum, Filifactor alocis, and Saccharibacteria (TM7) [G-1] bacterium HMT 346 were more abundant with increasing severity of periodontitis. In contrast, species such as Veillonella parvula, Veillonella dispar, Rothia dentocariosa, and Lautropia mirabilis were more abundant in health. Microbial diversity increased in parallel with the severity and extent of periodontitis.
CONCLUSIONS
The observed subgingival bacterial patterns in these elderly individuals corroborated corresponding findings in younger cohorts and were consistent with the concept that periodontitis is associated with perturbations in the resident microbiome.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Bacteria; Burkholderiaceae; Clostridiales; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Micrococcaceae; Mouth; Oral Health; Veillonella; Washington
PubMed: 32533776
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.20-0194