-
Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) Jan 2024Semantic knowledge includes understanding of objects and their features and also understanding of the characteristics of events. The hub-and-spoke theory holds that...
Semantic knowledge includes understanding of objects and their features and also understanding of the characteristics of events. The hub-and-spoke theory holds that these conceptual representations rely on multiple information sources that are integrated in a central hub in the ventral anterior temporal lobes. The dual-hub theory expands this framework with the claim that the ventral anterior temporal lobe hub is specialized for object representation, while a second hub in angular gyrus is specialized for event representation. To test these ideas, we used representational similarity analysis, univariate and psychophysiological interaction analyses of fMRI data collected while participants processed object and event concepts (e.g. "an apple," "a wedding") presented as images and written words. Representational similarity analysis showed that angular gyrus encoded event concept similarity more than object similarity, although the left angular gyrus also encoded object similarity. Bilateral ventral anterior temporal lobes encoded both object and event concept structure, and left ventral anterior temporal lobe exhibited stronger coding for events. Psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed greater connectivity between left ventral anterior temporal lobe and right pMTG, and between right angular gyrus and bilateral ITG and middle occipital gyrus, for event concepts compared to object concepts. These findings support the specialization of angular gyrus for event semantics, though with some involvement in object coding, but do not support ventral anterior temporal lobe specialization for object concepts.
Topics: Humans; Brain Mapping; Temporal Lobe; Parietal Lobe; Semantics; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 38185997
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad519 -
Frontiers in Surgery 2022Among the few studies that have examined the development of the anterior abdominal wall, several are based on incomplete "series", substituted in many cases by non-human...
PURPOSE
Among the few studies that have examined the development of the anterior abdominal wall, several are based on incomplete "series", substituted in many cases by non-human specimens.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In total, 19 human embryos corresponding to Carnegie stages 15-23, 36 fetuses with estimated gestational ages ranging from 9 weeks to term, and eight neonates were included in this study. All specimens belong to the collection of the Department of Anatomy and Embryology at the Complutense University of Madrid.
RESULTS
The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall appear in the dorsal region at stages 15 and 16 (33-37 days). At stages 17 and 18 (41-44 days), this muscular mass grows ventrally and splits into two sheets: the external abdominal oblique muscle and the common mass of the internal abdominal oblique, and the transversus abdominis muscles, all of which end ventrally in the primitive condensation of the rectus abdominis. In embryos at stages 19 and 20 (48 days), the anterior abdominal wall continues to show an umbilical hernia in the amniotic cavity. However, a narrow neck is apparent for the first time and there is a wider anterior abdominal wall below the hernia made up of dense mesenchyme tissue without layers and showing the primordia of the umbilical canal. In embryos at stages 21, 22, and 23 (51-57 days), the abdominal muscles and aponeuroses cross the midline (linea alba) covering the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles while the umbilical hernia has shrunk. In fetuses during the 9th and 10th weeks, the umbilical hernia becomes encircled by the rectus abdominis muscle, its aponeurosis, and the three layers of lateral abdominal muscles, which are more developed and covered by Camper's and Scarpa's fasciae. The inguinal canal has a course and relationships like those described in adults, with Hesselbach's ligament.
PubMed: 35433819
DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.863679 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022We performed RNA sequencing of the dorsal and ventral parts of the hippocampus and compared it with previously published data to determine the differences in the...
We performed RNA sequencing of the dorsal and ventral parts of the hippocampus and compared it with previously published data to determine the differences in the dorsoventral gradients of gene expression that may result from biological or technical variability. Our data suggest that the dorsal and ventral parts of the hippocampus differ in the expression of genes related to signaling pathways mediated by classical neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA, monoamines, etc.) as well as peptide and Wnt ligands. These hippocampal parts also diverge in the expression of axon-guiding molecules (both receptors and ligands) and splice isoforms of genes associated with intercellular signaling and cell adhesion. Furthermore, analysis of differential expressions of genes specific for astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and vascular cells suggests that non-neuronal cells may also differ in the characteristics between hippocampal parts. Analysis of expression of transposable elements showed that depletion of ribosomal RNA strongly increased the representation of transposable elements in the RNA libraries and helped to detect a weak predominance of expression of these elements in the ventral hippocampus. Our data revealed new molecular dimensions of functional differences between the dorsal and ventral hippocampus and points to possible cascades that may be involved in the longitudinal organization of the hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; DNA Transposable Elements; Gene Expression; Hippocampus; Rats
PubMed: 36077346
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179948 -
Cureus Dec 2022Introduction A ventral hernia is defined as a non-inguinal, non-hiatal defect in the fascia of the abdominal wall. Approximately 350,000 ventral hernia procedures are...
Introduction A ventral hernia is defined as a non-inguinal, non-hiatal defect in the fascia of the abdominal wall. Approximately 350,000 ventral hernia procedures are performed each year. Ventral hernia can have a negative impact on a person's quality of life and, in severe situations, lead to hospitalization and even death. Aim This study aimed to assess the knowledge of the general population living in the Al-Ahsa region regarding the risk factors of ventral hernia. Subjects and methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted among the general population living in the Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the population using an online platform. The questionnaire includes basic demographic characteristics (age, gender, and body mass index (BMI)) and a nine-item questionnaire to assess the knowledge of risk factors of ventral hernia. Results Of the 803 respondents involved, 42.1% were aged between 22 and 28 years old, and 44.4% were either overweight or obese. According to participants' knowledge, the most common risk factor of ventral hernia was heavy weight lifting (87.4%), and pregnancy and labor (64.1%). The overall mean knowledge score was 5.78 (standard deviation (SD): 2.68) out of 12 points. Nearly half (49.4%) were considered to have poor knowledge levels, 40.2% were considered to have moderate knowledge levels, and only 10.6% were considered to have good knowledge levels. Increased knowledge was seen more frequently in younger participants, males, and respondents with normal or underweight BMI. Conclusion The knowledge of the general population regarding the risk factors of ventral hernia was insufficient. Of all the population, male respondents who were younger and had a normal body mass index demonstrated a better understanding of the ventral hernia's risk factors compared to the rest of the subjects. Further research is needed to establish the knowledge of the general population regarding the risk factors of ventral hernia in our region.
PubMed: 36660536
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32581 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery :... Apr 2022The aim of this paper was to provide a narrative review of surgical site infection after hernia surgery and the influence of perioperative preventative interventions. (Review)
Review
AIM
The aim of this paper was to provide a narrative review of surgical site infection after hernia surgery and the influence of perioperative preventative interventions.
METHODS
The review was based on current national and international guidelines and a literature search.
RESULTS
Mesh infection is a highly morbid complication after hernia surgery, and is associated with hospital re-admission, increased health care costs, re-operation, hernia recurrence, impaired quality of life and plaintiff litigation. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program is a particularly useful resource for the study and evidence-based practise of abdominal wall hernia repair.
DISCUSSION
The three major modifiable patient comorbidities significantly associated with postoperative surgical site infection in hernia surgery are obesity, tobacco smoking and diabetes mellitus. Preoperative optimization includes weight loss, cessation of smoking, and control of diabetes. Intraoperative interventions relate, in particular, to the control of fomite mediated transmission in the operating theatre and prevention of mesh contamination with S. aureus CFUs. Risk management strategies should also target the niche ecological conditions which enable bacterial survival and subsequent biofilm formation on an implanted mesh. Outcomes of mesh infection after hernia surgery are closely related to mesh type and porosity, patient smoking status, presence of MRSA, bacterial adhesion and biofilm production. The use of suction drains and the timing of drain removal are controversial and discussed in detail. Finally, the utility of the ACS-NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator in predicting complications and outcomes in individual patients and the importance of quality improvement initiatives in surgical units are emphasized.
Topics: Hernia, Ventral; Herniorrhaphy; Humans; Quality of Life; Staphylococcus aureus; Surgical Mesh; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 35064459
DOI: 10.1007/s11605-022-05248-6 -
RMD Open Jan 2022To propose a data-driven definition for structural changes of sacroiliac (SI) joints in the context of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) imaging on a large collective of...
OBJECTIVES
To propose a data-driven definition for structural changes of sacroiliac (SI) joints in the context of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) imaging on a large collective of CT datasets.
METHODS
546 individuals (102 axSpA, 80 non-axSpA low back pain and 364 controls without back pain) with SI joint CTs were evaluated for erosions, sclerosis and ankylosis using a structured scoring system. Lesion frequencies and spatial distribution were compared between groups. Diagnostic performance (sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive values, negative predictive values and positive and negative likelihood ratios) was calculated for different combinations of imaging findings. Clinical diagnosis served as standard of reference.
RESULTS
Ankylosis and/or erosions of the middle and dorsal joint portions yielded the best diagnostic performance with SE 67.6% and SP 96.3%. Inclusion of ventral erosions and sclerosis resulted in lower diagnostic performance with SE 71.2%/SP 92.5% and SE 70.6%/SP 90.0%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Sclerosis and ventrally located erosions of SI joints have lower specificity on CT of the SI joint in the context of axSpA imaging. Ankylosis and/or erosions of the middle and dorsal joint portions show a strong diagnostic performance and are appropriate markers of a positive SI joint by CT.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Sacroiliac Joint; Sacroiliitis; Spondylarthritis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35064092
DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001939 -
Chirurgia (Bucharest, Romania : 1990) 2020The risk of developing an abdominal wall hernia is high in the cirrhotic patient, due to the association of ascites, hypoalbuminemia and amyotrophy in connection with... (Review)
Review
The risk of developing an abdominal wall hernia is high in the cirrhotic patient, due to the association of ascites, hypoalbuminemia and amyotrophy in connection with undernutrition frequently associated with cirrhosis. Thus, almost 20% of cirrhotic patients develop an umbilical hernia. Parietal surgery is more at risk in cirrhotic patients and its indications must be discussed on a case-by-case basis. The objective of this work was to review the entire literature on wall surgery in order to best define the surgical indications and the specifics of their management. The bibliographic research was done on Pubmed over the period from January 1995 to December 2019, using French and English as publication languages. The keywords retained were "hernia" [Mesh] and "liver cirrhosis" [Mesh]. In an elective situation, preoperative ascites control is recommended. A parietal prosthesis can be used, even in the case of uninfected ascites, preferably in the retromuscular position. Laparoscopy should be used with caution, due to the bleeding risk. No recommendation can be made on the use of prophylactic intra-abdominal drainage. The literature data do not allow the trans-jugular route portosystemic shunt recommendation, nor the use of a peritoneal-vesical pump to decrease the volume of ascites before parietal surgery in cirrhotic patients.
Topics: Abdominal Wall; Ascites; Hernia, Umbilical; Hernia, Ventral; Herniorrhaphy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis
PubMed: 32369717
DOI: 10.21614/chirurgia.115.2.140 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2021Traditionally, the quality of ventral hernia repair has been measured by hard outcomes such as morbidity and recurrence, but patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)... (Review)
Review
Traditionally, the quality of ventral hernia repair has been measured by hard outcomes such as morbidity and recurrence, but patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have become increasingly popular. In this review we suggest, that only a minor subset of PROMs has improved in patients undergoing elective large-sized incisional hernia repair. For umbilical and smaller incisional hernia repairs, no significant evidence for improved PROMs was found. The vast majority of data were of questionable scientific methodology.
Topics: Elective Surgical Procedures; Hernia, Ventral; Herniorrhaphy; Humans; Laparoscopy; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Postoperative Complications; Recurrence; Surgical Mesh; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33491623
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Robotic Surgery Apr 2023This case series aims to demonstrate that hernia surgery is safe and feasible using the Versius® robotic system from CMR Surgical, and to describe the surgical...
This case series aims to demonstrate that hernia surgery is safe and feasible using the Versius® robotic system from CMR Surgical, and to describe the surgical techniques used. It is the first series published using this novel system. Forty-one consecutive hernia repair cases were completed using Versius®, including inguinal and ventral hernias. Data were collected prospectively on a number of pre-, peri-, and postoperative outcomes. Techniques are described for robotic transabdominal preperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia, and intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair of ventral hernia. Thirty-two inguinal and nine ventral hernia repairs were performed over a 12-month period. The population were 88% male with a mean body mass index of 27.4 ± 3.5. There were no conversions to open surgery. Median length of stay was 0 days. Six patients (15%) experienced urinary retention, and there were 2 further minor complications with no major complications, readmissions or reoperations. Use of the Versius® system for robotic hernia surgery is safe, with comparable results to existing robotic systems. Implementation is possible with minimal changes to established surgical techniques.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Laparoscopy; Hernia, Inguinal; Hernia, Ventral; Herniorrhaphy; Surgical Mesh; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35951280
DOI: 10.1007/s11701-022-01451-4