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BMC Oral Health Jun 2023Streptococcus, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus and Actinomyces are acidogenic aciduria that may be associated with root caries (RC). The aim of the study was to analyze...
BACKGROUND
Streptococcus, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus and Actinomyces are acidogenic aciduria that may be associated with root caries (RC). The aim of the study was to analyze Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) in the saliva of nursing home elderly, to assess the correlation between bacterial composition and RC for five putative catiogenic organisms.
METHODS
In this study, we collected 43 saliva samples and divided into two groups: the root caries group (RCG, n = 21) and the caries-free group (CFG, n = 22). Bacterial DNA was extracted from the saliva samples. The presence and abundance of the five microorganisms were detected by Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Spearman correlation test was performed to evaluate the relationship between the numbers of root decayed filled surfaces (RDFS) and root caries index (RCI) and salivary levels of the bacteria.
RESULTS
The salivary levels of S. mutans, S. sobrinus, Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were significantly higher in RCG than in CFG (p < 0.05). RDFS and RCI (RDFS/RCI) were positively associated with salivary levels of S. mutans, S. sobrinus and Bifidobacterium spp. (r = 0.658/0.635, r = 0.465/0.420 and r = 0.407/0.406, respectively). No significant differences in presence and amounts of A. naeslundii was observed between the two groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
S. mutans, S. sobrinus and Bifidobacterium spp. in saliva appear to be associated with RC in the elderly. Taken together, the findings indicate that specific salivary bacteria may be involved in the progression of RC.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Root Caries; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sobrinus; Dental Caries; Saliva; Nursing Homes
PubMed: 37270529
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02953-9 -
BMC Oral Health Sep 2023The review aims to determine the risk predictability of mutans streptococci in the development of carious lesions in children with primary dentition. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The review aims to determine the risk predictability of mutans streptococci in the development of carious lesions in children with primary dentition.
METHODS
Longitudinal observational studies with at least 6 months follow-up and evaluating mutans streptococci presence in caries-free children under 6 years of age for the development of any cavitated or non-cavitated carious lesion. Six databases and grey literature were searched without any restrictions. Risk of bias was evaluated using the New Castle Ottawa scale for longitudinal studies, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation using GRADEpro software. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effect (DerSimonian and Laird, DL) model, and heterogeneity was evaluated using tau-squared, I statistics and prediction interval. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the mutans streptococci presence at baseline and the caries development, according to the sample and methods used for the microbiological assessment and the length of follow-up of the studies. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot using a random effect (DerSimonian and Laird, DL) model.
RESULTS
Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Four studies received a maximum of 9 stars, and among the remaining eight studies, six received 8 stars and the rest two studies were assigned 7 stars in the risk of bias scale. After pooling the results quantitatively, odds ratio (OR) was found to be 4.13 (95% CI: 3.33, 5.12), suggesting that children with mutans streptococci had 4 times higher odds of developing caries later (p < 0.001). Four studies were pooled to compare future caries experience among children with and without mutans streptococci at baseline, obtaining standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.33, 1.37), indicating a large effect (p < 0.001). Certainty of evidence was found to be moderate, and no publication bias was reported by the funnel plot criteria of symmetry.
CONCLUSIONS
Presence of mutans streptococci in a preschool child is a risk predictor for future caries experience. Early identification of children with increased caries-risk may facilitate in implementation of appropriate preventive strategies.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Databases, Factual; Odds Ratio; Publication Bias; Software; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 37679718
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03346-8 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2021As a conserved defense mechanism, many bacteria produce antimicrobial peptides, called bacteriocins, which provide a colonization advantage in a multispecies...
As a conserved defense mechanism, many bacteria produce antimicrobial peptides, called bacteriocins, which provide a colonization advantage in a multispecies environment. Here the first bacteriocin of Streptococcus anginosus, designated Angicin, is described. S. anginosus is commonly described as a commensal, however it also possesses a high pathogenic potential. Therefore, understanding factors contributing to its host colonization and persistence are important. A radial diffusion assay was used to identify S. anginosus BSU 1211 as a potent bacteriocin producer. By genetic mutagenesis the background of bacteriocin production and the bacteriocin gene itself were identified. Synthetic Angicin shows high activity against closely related streptococci, listeria and vancomycin resistant enterococci. It has a fast mechanism of action and causes a membrane disruption in target cells. Angicin, present in cell free supernatant, is insensitive to changes in temperature from - 70 to 90 °C and pH values from 2 to 10, suggesting that it represents an interesting compound for potential applications in food preservation or clinical settings.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bacteriocins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Listeria; Streptococcus anginosus; Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
PubMed: 34934110
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03797-5 -
Annals of African Medicine 2022Probiotic organisms Lactobacillus reuteri UBLRU-87 and Bifidobacterium bifidum UBBB-55 were proven to be acting against the caries causing organisms. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Probiotic organisms Lactobacillus reuteri UBLRU-87 and Bifidobacterium bifidum UBBB-55 were proven to be acting against the caries causing organisms.
AIMS
This study aims to evaluate the influence of Lactobacillusreuteri, Bifidobacterium bifidum and their blend on Mutans streptococci count in the saliva of children, and also to appraise the sustainability of their action.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study with 60 subjects (15 in each group) in 6-14 years of age group. The children consumed curd containing Bifidobacterium bifidum (UBBB 55, MTCC 5398) and Lactobacillus reuteri (UBLRu 87, MTCC 5403), and their blend once daily for 14 days. The control group received curd with no Probiotic in it. The saliva samples were collected just before the curd (T0) administration to establish baseline levels of mutans streptococci and after a day of the final consumption of the curd (T14). The follow-up samples at 21 days (T21) and 28 days (T28) after the baseline were also collected to know the sustainability of action probiotics on mutans streptococci if any.
RESULTS
Statistically significant reduction of mutans streptococci is observed in the group administered with Lactobacillus reuteri and the effect lasted up to a minimum of 21 days. Mixed cultures are seemed to be not effective against the oral microorganisms.
CONCLUSIONS
The probiotic organism Lactobacillus reuteri in Indian curd is effective on salivary mutans streptococci, and the effect was sustained for some period after the administration.
Topics: Child; Humans; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans; Probiotics; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 36412341
DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_133_21 -
Nature Chemical Biology May 2021Genome mining of clinical samples led to the identification of a structurally unique polyketide/non-ribosomal peptide, mutanofactin-697, that promotes biofilm...
Genome mining of clinical samples led to the identification of a structurally unique polyketide/non-ribosomal peptide, mutanofactin-697, that promotes biofilm formation. This study highlights the unexplored functional potential of secondary metabolites and opens new avenues for inhibiting pathogenic processes.
Topics: Biofilms; Mining; Mouth; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 33767389
DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00784-9 -
Archives of Oral Biology Sep 2021To review published oral microbiome studies and create a comprehensive list of bacterial species found in saliva and dental plaque among healthy children and adults... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review published oral microbiome studies and create a comprehensive list of bacterial species found in saliva and dental plaque among healthy children and adults associated with presence of carious lesions and caries-free state (oral health).
DESIGN
This review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We searched published studies querying PUBMED and EMBASE using the following keywords: (plaque OR saliva) AND caries AND (next generation sequencing OR checkerboard OR 16s rRNA or qPCR). Studies were limited to human studies published in English between January 1, 2010 and June 24, 2020 that included > 10 caries-active and > 10 caries-free participants, and assessed the entire bacterial community.
RESULTS
Our search strategy identified 298 articles. After exclusion criteria, 22 articles remained; we considered 2 studies that examined saliva and plaque as separate studies, for a total of 24 studies. Species associated with caries or oral health varied widely among studies reviewed, with notable differences by age and biologic sample type. No bacterial species was associated with caries in all studies. Streptococcus mutans was found more frequently among those with caries (14/24 (58.3 %)) and Fusobacterium periodonticum was found more frequently among those that were caries-free (5/24 (20.8 %)).
CONCLUSION
No bacterial species was associated with caries or oral health across all studies supporting multiple pathways to cariogenesis. However, the variation may be due to sampling at different time points during caries development, varying methods of specimen sampling, storage, sequencing or analysis or differences in host factors such as age.
Topics: Adult; Child; Dental Caries; Fusobacterium; Humans; Mouth; Oral Health; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 34246103
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105204 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Feb 2022In the context of minor orthodontic intervention using clear aligner technologies, we determined antimicrobial properties of a cellulose-based material loaded with...
AIMS
In the context of minor orthodontic intervention using clear aligner technologies, we determined antimicrobial properties of a cellulose-based material loaded with essential oils such as cinnamaldehyde.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Isothermal microcalorimetry was used to assess the growth of bacterial biofilms at the interface between the tested material and the solid growth medium. The calorimetric data were analyzed using conventional growth models (Gompertz and Richards), and inhibition at 12 and 24 h was calculated.
CONCLUSIONS
The tested material showed antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis clinical isolates. The inhibition was more pronounced against S. epidermidis, for which growth rate was reduced by 70% and lag phase was extended by 12 h. For S. mutans and S. mitis, the decrease in growth rate was 20% and 10%, and the lag phase increased by 2 and 6 h, respectively.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT
Clear aligners for minor teeth alignment are becoming very popular. As they must be worn for at least 22 h per day for up to 40 weeks, it is important that they remain clean and do not promote caries formation or other oral infections. Therefore, introducing material with antimicrobial properties is expected to maintain oral hygiene during the aligner therapy. Here, we demonstrate the use of cinnamaldehyde for reducing microbial growth and biofilm formation on cellulose-based dental clear aligners.
Topics: Acrolein; Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Cellulose; Dental Caries; Humans; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 34480822
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15283 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Jun 2020The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features and outcome of infective endocarditis at a general hospital in China and to identify the risk factors...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features and outcome of infective endocarditis at a general hospital in China and to identify the risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality.
METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted and all patients diagnosed with definite or possible infective endocarditis between January 2013 and June 2018 according to the modified Duke criteria were included.
RESULTS
A total of 381 patients were included. The mean age was 46 years old and 66.9% patients were male patients. Community acquired IE was the most common type of infective endocarditis and Viridans Group Streptococci (37.5%) was still the most common causative pathogen. The microbial etiology of infective endocarditis varied with location of acquisition. 97 (25.5%) patients had culture-negative infective endocarditis. Vegetations were detected in 85% patients and mitral valve was the most common involved valve. Operations were performed in 72.7% patients and in-hospital mortality rate was 8.4%. The risk factors of in-hospital mortality were age old than 70 years old, heart failure, stroke and medical therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
Older age, heart failure, stroke and medical therapy were risk factors of in-hospital mortality. Infective endocarditis, were mainly caused by Viridans Group Streptococci, characterized by younger patients and lower mortality rate in China.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; China; Community-Acquired Infections; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Heart Failure; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Streptococcal Infections; Stroke; Tertiary Care Centers; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 32522279
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-020-01183-2 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023() is the most frequent strain associated with cross-kingdom infections in the oral cavity. Clinical evidence shows the co-existence of () and in the carious lesions... (Review)
Review
() is the most frequent strain associated with cross-kingdom infections in the oral cavity. Clinical evidence shows the co-existence of () and in the carious lesions especially in children with early childhood caries (ECC) and demonstrates the close interaction between them. During the interaction, both and have evolved a complex network of regulatory mechanisms to boost cariogenic virulence and modulate tolerance upon stress changes in the external environment. The intricate relationship and unpredictable consequences pose great therapeutic challenges in clinics, which indicate the demand for emergence of potential antimicrobial therapy with multi-targets or combinatorial therapies. In this article, we present an overview of the clinical significance, and cooperative network of the cross-kingdom interaction between and Furthermore, we also summarize the current strategies for targeting cross-kingdom biofilm.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Streptococcus mutans; Candida albicans; Biofilms; Dental Caries
PubMed: 37249973
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1106231 -
Journal of Dental Research Apr 2023As oral bacteria grow and persist within biofilms attached to the tooth's surface, they interact with other species to form synergistic or antagonistic exchanges that...
As oral bacteria grow and persist within biofilms attached to the tooth's surface, they interact with other species to form synergistic or antagonistic exchanges that govern homeostasis for the overall population. One example are the interactions between the cariogenic species and oral commensal streptococci. Previously, we showed that the cell-cell signaling pathways of were inhibited during coculture with other oral streptococci species, leading us to posit that the transcriptome and behaviors are broadly altered during growth with these species. To test this hypothesis, we performed whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) on cocultures of with either , , or and a quadculture containing all 4 species in comparison to grown alone. Our results reveal that in addition to species-dependent changes to the transcriptome, a conserved response to oral streptococci in general can be observed. We monitored the behavior of by both microscopy imaging of biofilms and in a bacteriocin overlay assay and verified that acts similarly with each of these species but noted divergences in phenotypes when cocultured with another cariogenic () or with oral nonstreptococci species. RNA-seq with oral nonstreptococci showed lack of a consistent gene expression profile and overlap of differentially expressed genes found with commensal streptococci. Finally, we investigated the role of upregulated genes within our data sets to determine if they provided a fitness benefit during interspecies interactions. Eleven total genes were studied, and we found that a majority impacted the fitness of in various assays, highlighted by increased biomass of commensal streptococci in mixed-species biofilms. These results confirm a common, species-independent modification of behaviors with oral commensal streptococci that emphasizes the need to further evaluate oral bacteria within multispecies settings.
Topics: Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sanguis; Streptococcus gordonii; Symbiosis; Microbiota; Biofilms
PubMed: 36688378
DOI: 10.1177/00220345221145906