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Nutrients May 2022Emerging research indicates that vitamin D metabolic disorder plays a major role in both acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). This has been... (Review)
Review
Emerging research indicates that vitamin D metabolic disorder plays a major role in both acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). This has been demonstrated by studies showing that vitamin D deficiency is associated with pancreatitis and its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects by binding with the vitamin D receptor (VDR). However, the role of vitamin D assessment and its management in pancreatitis remains poorly understood. In this narrative review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in vitamin D/VDR signaling in pancreatic cells; the evidence from observational studies and clinical trials that demonstrate the connection among vitamin D, pancreatitis and pancreatitis-related complications; and the route of administration of vitamin D supplementation in clinical practice. Although further research is still required to establish the protective role of vitamin D and its application in disease, evaluation of vitamin D levels and its supplementation should be important strategies for pancreatitis management according to currently available evidence.
Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Pancreatitis; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 35631254
DOI: 10.3390/nu14102113 -
Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine Dec 2021Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of acute respiratory infection. There is an excess of respiratory infections and deaths in schizophrenia, a... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of acute respiratory infection. There is an excess of respiratory infections and deaths in schizophrenia, a condition where vitamin D deficiency is especially prevalent. This potentially offers a modifiable risk factor to reduce the risk for and the severity of respiratory infection in people with schizophrenia, although there is as yet no evidence regarding the risk of COVID-19. In this narrative review, we describe the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in schizophrenia, report the research examining the relationship between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 and discuss the associations between vitamin D deficiency and respiratory infection, including its immunomodulatory mechanism of action.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Schizophrenia; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 32912355
DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2020.107 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jul 2021
Topics: Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Humans; Rickets; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 33876199
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab121 -
Schizophrenia Research Sep 2022Over the last half century, a body of convergent evidence has accumulated linking disruption of early brain development with an increased risk of mental disorders,... (Review)
Review
Over the last half century, a body of convergent evidence has accumulated linking disruption of early brain development with an increased risk of mental disorders, including schizophrenia. The orderly cascade of brain development may be disrupted by exposure to suboptimal concentrations of a range of biological substrates and micronutrients. We hypothesized that those exposed to vitamin D deficiency during early life, have an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia. The hypothesis was based on the link between an increased risk of schizophrenia in (a) those born in winter and spring, when vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent, and (b) the offspring of dark-skinned migrants living in cold climates, who have a markedly increased risk of vitamin D deficiency. In this review, we summarize evidence from analytic epidemiology related to this hypothesis. Two case-control studies based on Danish neonatal dried blood spots have found that neonatal vitamin deficiency is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia. However, recent genetic analyses have also suggested that common variants linked to schizophrenia may lead to lower vitamin D concentrations (possibly mediated via reduced outdoor activity). We summarize limitations of the current evidence and outline suggestions that can guide future research. Based on currently available data, there is insufficient evidence to support public health recommendations related to this topic. However, we cannot reject the hypothesis that the provision of vitamin D supplementation to pregnant women and/or offspring in groups vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency may subsequently reduce the incidence of schizophrenia in the offspring.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Micronutrients; Pregnancy; Schizophrenia; Seasons; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34247885
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.004 -
Nutrients Jan 2022As a consequence of epidemiological studies showing significant associations of vitamin D deficiency with a variety of adverse extra-skeletal clinical outcomes including... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
As a consequence of epidemiological studies showing significant associations of vitamin D deficiency with a variety of adverse extra-skeletal clinical outcomes including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and mortality, large vitamin D randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been designed and conducted over the last few years. The vast majority of these trials did not restrict their study populations to individuals with vitamin D deficiency, and some even allowed moderate vitamin D supplementation in the placebo groups. In these RCTs, there were no significant effects on the primary outcomes, including cancer, cardiovascular events, and mortality, but explorative outcome analyses and meta-analyses revealed indications for potential benefits such as reductions in cancer mortality or acute respiratory infections. Importantly, data from RCTs with relatively high doses of vitamin D supplementation did, by the vast majority, not show significant safety issues, except for trials in critically or severely ill patients or in those using very high intermittent vitamin D doses. The recent large vitamin D RCTs did not challenge the beneficial effects of vitamin D regarding rickets and osteomalacia, that therefore continue to provide the scientific basis for nutritional vitamin D guidelines and recommendations. There remains a great need to evaluate the effects of vitamin D treatment in populations with vitamin D deficiency or certain characteristics suggesting a high sensitivity to treatment. Outcomes and limitations of recently published large vitamin D RCTs must inform the design of future vitamin D or nutrition trials that should use more personalized approaches.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Therapy; Pregnancy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins; Young Adult
PubMed: 35057483
DOI: 10.3390/nu14020303 -
BMC Public Health Aug 2023The association between vitamin D deficiency and lipid profiles in adults with overweight or obesity remains unclear and inconsistent. The aim of our study was to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The association between vitamin D deficiency and lipid profiles in adults with overweight or obesity remains unclear and inconsistent. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between lipid profiles and vitamin D deficiency in the overweight and obese adults.
METHODS
Four databases, including PubMed, the Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, were used to identify all studies on vitamin D status and lipid levels, including the serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). The Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models was used to assess the association between the lipid profile and vitamin D deficiency.
RESULTS
Twenty-one articles that included a total of 7952 adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were included. The overall results revealed that compared with the controls, individuals with vitamin D deficiency showed higher levels of TG (WMD = 15.01; 95%CI, 2.51-27.52) and TC (WMD = 8.61; 95%CI, 1.31-15.92). Moreover, vitamin D deficiency was related to an increased level of LDL (WMD = 6.12; 95%CI, 0.02-12.23). HDL level was inversely associated with the vitamin D deficiency status (WMD = -2.57; 95%CI, -4.26, -0.88).
CONCLUSIONS
Among the adults with overweight or obesity, the vitamin D deficient group displayed impaired lipid profiles, including increased TG, TC and LDL levels and reduced HDL level.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Overweight; Obesity; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Cholesterol, HDL
PubMed: 37644450
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16447-4 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2022Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent conditions worldwide due to several factors, including poor sun exposure. Shift workers may be exposed to the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent conditions worldwide due to several factors, including poor sun exposure. Shift workers may be exposed to the risk of hypovitaminosis D due to fewer opportunities for sunlight exposure compared to day workers. A systematic review of the PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to investigate the effect of shift work on vitamin D levels. Mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of serum 25-OH-D levels in shift workers and non-shift workers were calculated. A total of 13 cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analysis. We found significantly lower levels of serum 25-OH-D in shift workers compared with non-shift workers (MD: −1.85, 95% CI [−2.49 to −1.21]). Heterogeneity among included studies was high (I2 = 89%, p < 0.0001), and neither subgroup analysis nor meta-regression were able to identify specific sources of the heterogeneity that may be related to the different characteristics of shift work among studies. The monitoring of serum vitamin D levels and prompt correction of any deficiencies should be considered in shift workers. Notably, since a large part of the observations are derived from Koreans, larger epidemiological studies are needed in other populations.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Rickets; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 35897284
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158919 -
Nutrients May 2023This study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal gestational Vitamin D3 supplementation and early respiratory health in offspring. This was a...
This study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal gestational Vitamin D3 supplementation and early respiratory health in offspring. This was a population-based record-linkage study which used data from the French National Health Database System. Maternal Vitamin D3 supplementation consisted of a single high oral dose of cholecalciferol, (100,000 IU) from the seventh month of pregnancy, according to national guidelines. In total, 125,756 term-born singleton children were included, of which 37% had respiratory illness defined as hospital admission due to respiratory causes or inhalation treatment up to 24 months of age. Infants prenatally exposed to maternal Vitamin D3 supplementation (n = 54,596) were more likely to have a longer gestational age (GA) at birth (GA 36-38 weeks, 22% vs. 20%, < 0.001 in exposed vs. non-exposed infants, respectively). After adjusting for the main risk factors (maternal age, socioeconomic level, mode of delivery, obstetrical and neonatal pathology, birth weight appropriateness, sex, and birth season), the risk of RD was found to be 3% lower than their counterparts (aOR [IC 95%], 0.97 [0.95-0.99], = 0.01). In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the association between maternal gestational Vitamin D3 supplementation and improved early respiratory outcomes in young children.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Infant; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Vitamin D; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins; Cholecalciferol; Birth Weight; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37242263
DOI: 10.3390/nu15102380 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022Vitamin D deficiency has long been associated with reduced immune function that can lead to viral infection. Several studies have shown that Vitamin D deficiency is...
Vitamin D deficiency has long been associated with reduced immune function that can lead to viral infection. Several studies have shown that Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increases the risk of infection with COVID-19. However, it is unknown if treatment with Vitamin D can reduce the associated risk of COVID-19 infection, which is the focus of this study. In the population of US veterans, we show that Vitamin D and D fills were associated with reductions in COVID-19 infection of 28% and 20%, respectively [(D Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.80, [95% CI 0.77, 0.83]), D HR = 0.72, [95% CI 0.65, 0.79]]. Mortality within 30-days of COVID-19 infection was similarly 33% lower with Vitamin D and 25% lower with D (D HR = 0.67, [95% CI 0.59, 0.75]; D HR = 0.75, [95% CI 0.55, 1.04]). We also find that after controlling for vitamin D blood levels, veterans receiving higher dosages of Vitamin D obtained greater benefits from supplementation than veterans receiving lower dosages. Veterans with Vitamin D blood levels between 0 and 19 ng/ml exhibited the largest decrease in COVID-19 infection following supplementation. Black veterans received greater associated COVID-19 risk reductions with supplementation than White veterans. As a safe, widely available, and affordable treatment, Vitamin D may help to reduce the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Pandemics; Dietary Supplements; Vitamin D Deficiency; Cholecalciferol; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 36371591
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24053-4 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Dec 2020Vitamin D contributes to bone metabolism and acts as an immune modulator for both innate and adaptive immunity. The serum level of vitamin D has been associated with... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D contributes to bone metabolism and acts as an immune modulator for both innate and adaptive immunity. The serum level of vitamin D has been associated with inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In epidemiologic studies, IBD patients have been shown to have low levels of vitamin D. The suboptimal circulating levels of vitamin D in IBD patients may be caused by low exposure to sunlight, dietary malabsorption, and the impaired conversion of active metabolites (1,25[OH]D). Recent studies have demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency in IBD can increase the chance of disease recurrence, IBD-related hospitalization or surgery, and deterioration of quality of life. Supplementation with vitamin D is therefore thought to reduce the risk of flare-ups and the improvement of the quality of life in IBD patients. This review aims to summarize the latest knowledge on the effects of vitamin D deficiency on IBD and the possible benefits of vitamin D supplementation in IBD patients.
Topics: Colitis; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Quality of Life; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 33361704
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2020.160