-
Systematic Reviews Mar 2023Comfort is a primary patient objective and central to patient experience, and thus, maximising comfort is a universal goal for healthcare. However, comfort is a complex...
BACKGROUND
Comfort is a primary patient objective and central to patient experience, and thus, maximising comfort is a universal goal for healthcare. However, comfort is a complex concept that is difficult to operationalise and evaluate, resulting in a lack of scientific and standardised comfort care practices. The Comfort Theory developed by Kolcaba has been the most widely known for its systematisation and projection and most of the global publications regarding comfort care were based on this theory. To develop international guidance on theory-informed comfort care, a better understanding about the evidence on the effects of interventions guided by the Comfort Theory is needed.
OBJECTIVES
To map and present the available evidence on the effects of interventions underpinned by Kolcaba's Comfort theory in healthcare settings.
METHODS
The mapping review will follow Campbell Evidence and Gap Maps guideline and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Protocols guidelines. An intervention-outcome framework has been developed based on Comfort Theory and the classification of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions via consultation with stakeholders. Eleven electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, AMED, Cochrane Library, JBI Library of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI and Wan Fang) and grey literature sources (Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar and The Comfort Line) will be searched for primary studies and systematic reviews between 1991 and 2023 written in English and Chinese as the papers regarding Comfort Theory were first published in 1991. Additional studies will be identified by reference list review of included studies. Key authors will be contacted for unpublished or ongoing studies. Two independent reviewers will screen and extract data using piloted forms with discrepancies resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. A matrix map with filters of study characteristics will be generated and presented through software of EPPI-Mapper and NVivo.
DISCUSSION
More informed use of theory can strengthen improvement programmes and facilitate the evaluation of their effectiveness. Findings from the evidence and gap map will present the existing evidence base for researchers, practitioners and policy-makers and inform further research as well as clinical practices aiming at patients' comfort enhancement.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Databases, Factual; Treatment Outcome; Quality Assurance, Health Care
PubMed: 36879339
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02202-8 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2022The authors reviewed the research literature evaluating the effectiveness of vocational counseling interventions focused on employment for consumers with substance use... (Review)
Review
The authors reviewed the research literature evaluating the effectiveness of vocational counseling interventions focused on employment for consumers with substance use disorders. This review included 11 articles related to vocational counseling interventions, which are either incorporated with substance use treatment or not. The results of this review revealed that vocational counseling services have been highly efficacious in resulting in part-time and full-time jobs. The study designs had some limitations, and few studies employed randomized control trials (RCT).
Topics: Adult; Counseling; Employment; Humans; Rehabilitation, Vocational; Substance-Related Disorders; Vocational Guidance
PubMed: 35457542
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084674 -
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology... Aug 2023Parkinson's disease (PD) often presents with autonomic dysregulation, leading to blood pressure irregularities such as neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH),... (Review)
Review
Parkinson's disease (PD) often presents with autonomic dysregulation, leading to blood pressure irregularities such as neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH), neurogenic supine hypertension (nSH), and postprandial hypotension (PPH). Unfortunately, these conditions remain prevalent and receive insufficient attention in scientific discourse. They not only cause complications like syncope, falls, and fractures but also result in long-term damage to vital organs, diminishing patients' quality of life. Early implementation of appropriate non-pharmacologic management is crucial to prevent severe adverse events later on. This review focuses on the types, clinical characteristics, mechanisms, and common non-pharmacologic management measures for PD complicated by abnormal blood pressure. By promoting early diagnosis, recognizing symptoms of abnormal blood pressure, and employing non-pharmacologic interventions such as health education, dietary adjustments, exercise, and Chinese medicine techniques, we aim to improve patients' symptoms and quality of life while providing practical guidance for managing PD-related blood pressure abnormalities.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Blood Pressure; Quality of Life; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Hypertension
PubMed: 37865954
DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2023.4.01 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2023Since March 2020, the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected nearly all aspects of daily life. In this study, we investigated the age-stratified prevalence and...
Since March 2020, the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected nearly all aspects of daily life. In this study, we investigated the age-stratified prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) among females in Shandong province (eastern China) and aimed to provide guidance on HPV-based cervical cancer screening and vaccination. The distribution of HPV genotypes was analyzed using PCR-Reverse Dot Hybridization. The overall infection rate of HPV was 16.4%, which was dominated by high-risk genotypes. The most prevalent genotype was HPV16 (2.9%), followed by HPV52 (2.3%), HPV53 (1.8%), HPV58 (1.5%), and HPV51 (1.3%). Among the positive cases with HPV infection, single-genotype infection was significantly higher than that of multi-genotype infection. In subgroup analyses by age (≤25, 26-35, 36-45, 46-55, >55), HPV16, 52, and 53 were consistently the three most common hrHPV genotypes in all age groups. The infection rate of multi-genotypes in the ≤25 and >55 age groups was significantly higher than that in other age groups. A bimodal distribution of HPV infection rate was observed in different age groups. Among lrHPV genotypes, HPV6, HPV11, and HPV81 were the three most common types in the ≤25 age group, while in other age groups, HPV81, HPV42, and HPV43 are the three most common lrHPV genotypes. This study provides basic information on the distribution and genotypes of HPV in the female population in eastern China, which could improve the application of HPV diagnostic probes and vaccines.
Topics: Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Pandemics; Prevalence; Early Detection of Cancer; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Genotype; Papillomaviridae; Human papillomavirus 16; China
PubMed: 37226673
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2212571 -
American Journal of Cancer Research 2023This study aimed to summarize the current developments and hub genes in the ferroptosis field using bibliometrics and bioinformatics and provide guidance for future...
This study aimed to summarize the current developments and hub genes in the ferroptosis field using bibliometrics and bioinformatics and provide guidance for future developments. The publications on ferroptosis from 2012 to 2021 were extracted from the Web of Science database. VOSviewer software and CiteSpace software were used to visualize and predict the trend of ferroptosis research. The key genes related to ferroptosis were selected from the Web of Genecards, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)/Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed. Cytoscape software and online survival curve analysis platform were also used to screen hub genes and analyze their roles. Chinese researchers published the highest number of publications in this field, while American publications exhibited higher quality. In terms of institutions, Central South University and Zhejiang University have the highest number of publications. published more studies than other journals. The application of ferroptosis is a major research area, and, importantly, "RCD", "FTH1", and "nomogram" are the keywords. We also found tumor-related pathways of interest in the field of ferroptosis. genes were of significance for the prognosis of tumors. The number of publications on ferroptosis may increase in the future. Cooperation among countries and disciplines is particularly important in this regard. Also, the applications of ferroptosis, especially in chemotherapy and immunotherapy for tumors, will be the focus of future research. Keywords "RCD", "FTH1", and "nomogram" is receiving high attention, and in-depth studies on tumor-related genes , , and may provide new therapeutic targets.
PubMed: 38187041
DOI: No ID Found -
F1000Research 2024The vocational guidance process in educational institutions faces important challenges in managing trials and errors in diagnoses. Technological tools are identified as...
BACKGROUND
The vocational guidance process in educational institutions faces important challenges in managing trials and errors in diagnoses. Technological tools are identified as an effective solution to address these problems. This research seeks to improve career guidance in educational institutions through the implementation of an expert system. The main objective is to reduce test processing time and achieve greater efficiency in students' self-knowledge regarding their interests, based on the personalities of the Holland Test.
METHODS
The development of the expert system followed a six-model approach. First, an organisational model was created to assess the scope and feasibility of the project. Next, a task and agent model was developed to investigate the impact and look for improvements. A knowledge model was then developed to analyse the relevant knowledge bases. A communication model was also developed to evaluate the communication interface of the system. Next, a design model was created to provide guidelines for the implementation of the system. Finally, the implementation of the knowledge system was carried out to ensure its correct functioning.
RESULTS
The implementation of the expert system has shown significant improvements in the vocational guidance process. It was possible to reduce the time needed to apply the test, thus optimising the psychologist's time and allowing a greater capacity for analysis. In addition, an improvement in the effectiveness of the students' self-knowledge in relation to their vocational interests based on the personalities of the Holland Test was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
This study contributes to career guidance in educational institutions by introducing an innovative expert system. This technological solution optimizes the career guidance process, benefiting psychologists administering tests and students seeking self-knowledge about their career interests.
Topics: Humans; Students; Vocational Guidance; Awareness
PubMed: 38904071
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.145109.1 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Sep 2019
Topics: Humans; Occupational Diseases; Sick Leave; Vocational Guidance
PubMed: 31556517
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.19.0428 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2023Return-to-work is a key rehabilitation goal for many working aged stroke survivors, promoting an overall improvement of quality of life, social integration, and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Return-to-work is a key rehabilitation goal for many working aged stroke survivors, promoting an overall improvement of quality of life, social integration, and emotional wellbeing. Conversely, the failure to return-to-work contributes to a loss of identity, lowered self-esteem, social isolation, poorer quality of life and health outcomes. Return-to-work programmes have largely focused on physical and vocational rehabilitation, while neglecting to include mood and fatigue management. This is despite the knowledge that stroke results in changes in physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning, which all impact one's ability to return to work. The purpose of this systematic review is to conduct a comprehensive and up-to-date search of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of return-to-work programmes after stroke. The focus is especially on examining components of mood and fatigue if they were included, and to also report on the screening tools used to measure mood and fatigue.
METHOD
Searches were performed using 7 electronic databases for RCTs published in English from inception to 4 January 2023. A narrative synthesis of intervention design and outcomes was provided.
RESULTS
The search yielded 5 RCTs that satisfied the selection criteria ( = 626). Three studies included components of mood and fatigue management in the intervention, of which 2 studies found a higher percentage of subjects in the intervention group returning to work compared to those in the control group. The remaining 2 studies which did not include components of mood and fatigue management did not find any significant differences in return-to-work rates between the intervention and control groups. Screening tools to assess mood or fatigue were included in 3 studies.
CONCLUSION
Overall, the findings demonstrated that mood and fatigue are poorly addressed in rehabilitation programmes aimed at improving return-to-work after stroke, despite being a significant predictor of return-to-work. There is limited and inconsistent use of mood and fatigue screening tools. The findings were generally able to provide guidance and recommendations in the development of a stroke rehabilitation programme for return-to-work, highlighting the need to include components addressing and measuring psychological support and fatigue management.
PubMed: 37674875
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1145705 -
Health & Social Care in the Community Jul 2022The objective of this work was to develop and test an empirical model of social and healthcare educators' continuing professional development. A cross-sectional survey...
The objective of this work was to develop and test an empirical model of social and healthcare educators' continuing professional development. A cross-sectional survey study design was adopted, and a total of 422 part-time and full-time social and healthcare educators from 28 universities of applied sciences and vocational schools in different regions of Finland participated. Data were collected from October to December in 2018. The participants taught in the fields of healthcare, social services, and rehabilitation. The questionnaire included the EduProDe scale and background questions. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to develop the model, and its quality was assessed by computing goodness of fit indexes. The main finding was that when educators understand the benefits of continuing professional development, they will recognise their developmental needs and proactively seek support from their superiors. The results obtained provide insight into the preconditions for professional development and offer guidance for the design of future shared development programmes or activities for social and healthcare educators.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Delivery of Health Care; Finland; Health Facilities; Health Personnel; Humans
PubMed: 34138504
DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13473 -
BMJ Open May 2022To synthesise research published on vocational rehabilitation (VR) interventions offered in institutions, by occupational therapists, to mental health service users... (Review)
Review
Scoping review exploring vocational rehabilitation interventions for mental health service users with chronic mental illness in low-income to upper-middle-income countries.
OBJECTIVE
To synthesise research published on vocational rehabilitation (VR) interventions offered in institutions, by occupational therapists, to mental health service users (MHSUs) with chronic mental illness, in low-income to upper-middle-income countries (L-UMIC).
DESIGN
This scoping review used Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews and Joanna Briggs scoping review guidelines.
DATA SOURCES
We searched PsycInfo, EBSCOhost, HINARI, Google Scholar, Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct and Wiley online library between 15 July and 31 August 2021.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Sources, published in English between 2011 and 2021, on institution-based VR in occupational therapy for MHSUs who had chronic mental illness in L-UMIC were included. We included primary studies of any design.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Three reviewers used Mendeley to manage identified references, Rayyan for abstract and full-text screening and Microsoft Excel for data extraction. Data were sifted and sorted by key categories and themes.
RESULTS
895 sources were identified, and their title and abstracts reviewed. 207 sources were included for full-text screening. 12 articles from 4 countries (South Africa, India, Brazil and Kenya) were finally included. Types of VR intervention included supported employment, case management and prevocational skills training. Client centeredness, support and empowerment were the key VR principles identified. Teaching of illness self-management, job analysis and matching, job coaching, trial placement, and vocational guidance and counselling were the main intervention strategies reported.
CONCLUSIONS
VR intervention in institutions for MHSUs in L-UMIC revealed the multidimensional uniqueness of individual MHSU's vocational ability, needs and contexts. The interventions allowed client-centred approaches that offer support and empowerment beyond the boundaries of the institutions. Occupational therapists offering VR need to expand their interventions beyond their institutions to contexts where MHSUs are working or intending to work.
Topics: Developing Countries; Employment, Supported; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health Services; Rehabilitation, Vocational
PubMed: 35534058
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059211