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BMJ Open May 2022To synthesise research published on vocational rehabilitation (VR) interventions offered in institutions, by occupational therapists, to mental health service users... (Review)
Review
Scoping review exploring vocational rehabilitation interventions for mental health service users with chronic mental illness in low-income to upper-middle-income countries.
OBJECTIVE
To synthesise research published on vocational rehabilitation (VR) interventions offered in institutions, by occupational therapists, to mental health service users (MHSUs) with chronic mental illness, in low-income to upper-middle-income countries (L-UMIC).
DESIGN
This scoping review used Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews and Joanna Briggs scoping review guidelines.
DATA SOURCES
We searched PsycInfo, EBSCOhost, HINARI, Google Scholar, Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct and Wiley online library between 15 July and 31 August 2021.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Sources, published in English between 2011 and 2021, on institution-based VR in occupational therapy for MHSUs who had chronic mental illness in L-UMIC were included. We included primary studies of any design.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Three reviewers used Mendeley to manage identified references, Rayyan for abstract and full-text screening and Microsoft Excel for data extraction. Data were sifted and sorted by key categories and themes.
RESULTS
895 sources were identified, and their title and abstracts reviewed. 207 sources were included for full-text screening. 12 articles from 4 countries (South Africa, India, Brazil and Kenya) were finally included. Types of VR intervention included supported employment, case management and prevocational skills training. Client centeredness, support and empowerment were the key VR principles identified. Teaching of illness self-management, job analysis and matching, job coaching, trial placement, and vocational guidance and counselling were the main intervention strategies reported.
CONCLUSIONS
VR intervention in institutions for MHSUs in L-UMIC revealed the multidimensional uniqueness of individual MHSU's vocational ability, needs and contexts. The interventions allowed client-centred approaches that offer support and empowerment beyond the boundaries of the institutions. Occupational therapists offering VR need to expand their interventions beyond their institutions to contexts where MHSUs are working or intending to work.
Topics: Developing Countries; Employment, Supported; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health Services; Rehabilitation, Vocational
PubMed: 35534058
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059211 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jul 2021To design and implement a career guidance programme for medical students, and to evaluate its effectiveness.
OBJECTIVE
To design and implement a career guidance programme for medical students, and to evaluate its effectiveness.
METHODS
The quasi-experimental single-group study was conducted at the College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, during the 2018-19 academic year. A modified Medical Career Development Inventory covering 5 areas was used to assess how much students' thinking or planning had improved after implementing the designed career guidance programme following Kern's 6 steps for course design. This was done through focussed group discussions. In the second phase, a comprehensive sample comprising 4th and 5th year male and female medical students was enrolled to assess their readiness, planning and choice of specialties, and to compare the same variables post-intervention. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
RESULTS
There were 50 students in the first phase; 30(60%) males and 20(40%) females. In phase II, there were 82 subjects; 47(57.3%) males and 35(42.7%) females. Pre-intervention mean result was 2.60±0.29 which increased post-intervention to 3.16±0.20 (p=0.018), suggesting an improved degree of vocational development.
CONCLUSIONS
The career guidance programme significantly improved degree of vocational development and readiness to cope with developmental tasks encountered throughout a physician's career.
Topics: Career Choice; Female; Humans; Male; Medicine; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vocational Guidance
PubMed: 34410252
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.236 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023Depression affects the development of adolescents and makes it difficult for them to adapt to future life. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the population...
BACKGROUND
Depression affects the development of adolescents and makes it difficult for them to adapt to future life. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the population characteristics of adolescent depression.
METHODS
This study measured depression based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items and sociodemographic questionnaire. A total of 8,235 valid questionnaires were collected from six schools in Haikou and Qionghai, Hainan Province, covering the ages of 13 to 18. The questionnaires included high schools with multiple levels, including general high schools, key high schools, and vocational high schools. Latent category analysis (LCA) was used to identify potential categories of depressive symptoms among adolescents. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used for determining depressive symptom latent categories and their proportional distribution among adolescents.
RESULTS
LCA analysis divided the data into 3 categories, namely no depression, low depression, and high depression groups. The percentage of the high depression group was 10.1%, and that of the low depression group was 48.4%. The Jorden index was greatest for a PHQ-9 score of 14.5. The 1 grade of junior middle school students entered the high and low depression groups 1.72 and 1.33 times more often than seniors. The number of the 1 grade of high school students included in the high and low depression groups was 1.55 and 1.42 times of the 3 grade of high school students group. The detection rate of the high depression group of vocational school adolescents was 13.5%, which was significantly higher than that of key high schools (9.6%) and general high schools (9.0%).
CONCLUSION
This study found that 1 grade of junior middle school students and the 1 grade of high school students were more likely to fall into depressive conditions. Moreover, Adolescent girls require more attention than boys. Vocational school students need more psychological guidance.
PubMed: 38152357
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1182024 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2021In recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of students who choose to pursue university studies related to the field of sports. However, there...
In recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of students who choose to pursue university studies related to the field of sports. However, there are no studies that have investigated the existence of differentiated profiles within students whose preferred vocational area is sport. The main objective of this study was to establish the profiles of students in the second year of Spain Bachillerato whose preferred vocational interest is sport, according to the two representative vocational values: (a) "to have a fun professional activity"; and (b) "to have a professional activity whose schedule makes it possible to reconcile personal and professional life". In addition, the resulting groups were compared according to their perception of general and academic wellbeing and their identification with the other vocational values. Two hundred and thirty participants (MAge = 17.47; DTAge = 0.669; N = 171; 74.3% male and N = 59; 25.7% female) completed some validated measures. Three clusters emerged which did not differ in terms of general and academic wellbeing. Differences were found though in terms of some vocational values such "to help people", "to develop one's entrepreneurial initiative" or "to be self-employed". The findings invite us to rethink the differences in the specific profiles of vocational values and their impact on employability opportunities, and to consider these approaches in the orientation of students who have among their priority options to study sport sciences.
Topics: Employment; Female; Humans; Male; Occupations; Sports; Students; Universities
PubMed: 34831632
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211872 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022Like any other career process, career changes are influenced by relationships. Moreover, involuntary career changes are a challenging, yet understudied, career...
Like any other career process, career changes are influenced by relationships. Moreover, involuntary career changes are a challenging, yet understudied, career transition. Based on a relational perspective of work and careers, we investigated the way people's social environment affects the process and experience of involuntary career changes. Specifically, we aimed to identify the sources of relational influences and to understand how these influences affect career changes. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 14 adults who were forced to change career because of unemployment or health issues. Through thematic analysis, we identified three sources of relational influences (personal, work, and institutional environment) and three forms of influence that others had on career changes (positive, negative, and ambivalent). These influences manifested at four distinct moments of the process: When participants were leaving their former job, when they were shifting between their former occupation and a new livelihood, when they were exploring new career options, or when they were trying to implement their new career plan. Overall, results suggest that involuntary career changes are deeply shaped by heterogeneous and differentiated relational influences. The effect of the personal environment varied depending on the moment of the career change process. In particular, family and friends tended to be perceived as barriers when it came to shifting from the old to a new occupation and implementing a new career plan. The work environment mostly had a negative effect on the career change experience, suggesting the labor market might be somewhat refractory toward adult career changers. Institutions played a critical role throughout the change process, with support structures often being perceived as inappropriate, but with guidance professionals generally recognizing participants' difficulties. Moreover, diverse forms of ambivalence characterized the identified relational influences, which were sometimes both appreciated and avoided or had ambiguous and fluctuating effects. Finally, although being a fundamentally social experience, involuntary career changes were also characterized by moments of loneliness that reflected the inadequacy of available support and a sense of shame associated with the status of career changer. Study limitations, research perspectives, and practical implications at the labor market, institutional, and individual levels are addressed.
PubMed: 35719552
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.899051 -
Heliyon Feb 202321st Century Learning shifts the learning paradigm to change the way of learning and teaching. Organizing education containing three aspects of work readiness...
21st Century Learning shifts the learning paradigm to change the way of learning and teaching. Organizing education containing three aspects of work readiness (knowledge, attitudes, and skills) is challenging for educators. Many educators only use the explanation method in vocational guidance, and do not fully use the demonstration method of learning machining practices related to how to work, how to behave in the workplace, and how to comply with regulations in the workplace, this causes many graduates who only have minimal competence, so they are not according to industry standards. This study aims to determine the effect of integrated vocational guidance on student work readiness in Vocational High Schools. This research is quasi-experimental research with a quantitative approach. The experimental design used was a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. This study used a control group with an explanation method and an experimental group with a demonstration method. In the explanation method in this study, the teacher explains how the machine works verbally, while in the demonstration method, the teacher demonstrates how the machine works and operates it, followed by student activities practising it again in the machine laboratory. The population of this study were students of the Mechanical Engineering Expertise Program. Data collection is done by observation and tests. Observations were used to collect data on technical skills and work attitudes. The test is used to collect data on aspects of basic knowledge. The results showed that: (1) The value of work readiness (knowledge, attitudes, skills) using the explanation method based on the Minimum Completeness Criteria (MCC); (2) The value of work readiness (knowledge, attitudes, skills) with the demonstration method above the MCC. This research has practical implications for vocational teachers who provide vocational guidance services with demonstration methods to students, especially the latest technological advances for learning, such as the use of the internet, digital technology, VR/AR, etc.
PubMed: 36814606
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13333 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022This article aims to analyze vocational education and training in Europe and to model mechanisms of educational and vocational choice. First, we expose the differences...
This article aims to analyze vocational education and training in Europe and to model mechanisms of educational and vocational choice. First, we expose the differences between VET approaches in Europe. Secondly, a sociological analysis is provided. When VET systems were first created, aspects such as work culture or diverging political concerns led to different responses in the various countries. Thirdly, we present a psychological approach of the educational and vocational choice which draws on a process where profession images are compared with one's own self-image. Finally, we present an integrated explanatory model of the vocational choice, based on sociological and psychological dimensions. In conclusion, we propose several plans of action in order to support and inform students regarding educational choice and to improve valorization of the VET track.
PubMed: 35707674
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.842307 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023Adolescents who have to make decisions regarding their future career or academic path can be greatly influenced by parental expectations and other individual and...
Adolescents who have to make decisions regarding their future career or academic path can be greatly influenced by parental expectations and other individual and contextual factors. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of adolescent-parent career congruence on adolescents' well-being and future intention to enroll in a university course. The recruitment of participants took place through a combination of convenience sampling and snowball sampling. A sample of 142 high school students who are managing their decisions for the future completed an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed through a path analysis (SEM) with observed variables, and different indices were evaluated to check the model goodness of fit. The data show that congruence with parents' wishes has a significant effect on academic motivation, work hope and mattering, which in turn have a positive and significant effect on both future intentions to undertake university studies and on the participants' occupational well-being. In line with past studies, our results demonstrate correlations between adolescent-parent career congruence in career exploration and decision making, pointing out in particular the influence due to complementary congruence with mothers. Furthermore, our study underscores the important role played by both individual and contextual factors in adolescent well-being and intentions for their future. Finally, implications for the practice of vocational guidance practitioners are discussed.
PubMed: 36975258
DOI: 10.3390/bs13030233 -
PloS One 2021Job security can never be taken for granted, especially in times of rapid, widespread and unexpected social and economic change. These changes can force workers to...
Job security can never be taken for granted, especially in times of rapid, widespread and unexpected social and economic change. These changes can force workers to transition to new jobs. This may be because new technologies emerge or production is moved abroad. Perhaps it is a global crisis, such as COVID-19, which shutters industries and displaces labor en masse. Regardless of the impetus, people are faced with the challenge of moving between jobs to find new work. Successful transitions typically occur when workers leverage their existing skills in the new occupation. Here, we propose a novel method to measure the similarity between occupations using their underlying skills. We then build a recommender system for identifying optimal transition pathways between occupations using job advertisements (ads) data and a longitudinal household survey. Our results show that not only can we accurately predict occupational transitions (Accuracy = 76%), but we account for the asymmetric difficulties of moving between jobs (it is easier to move in one direction than the other). We also build an early warning indicator for new technology adoption (showcasing Artificial Intelligence), a major driver of rising job transitions. By using real-time data, our systems can respond to labor demand shifts as they occur (such as those caused by COVID-19). They can be leveraged by policy-makers, educators, and job seekers who are forced to confront the often distressing challenges of finding new jobs.
Topics: Algorithms; Australia; COVID-19; Datasets as Topic; Demography; Employment; Humans; Industry; Occupations; Pandemics; Population Dynamics; Professional Competence; Vocational Guidance
PubMed: 34347821
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254722 -
BMC Pediatrics Jul 2022During the growth period, before and after maturity, considerable biological changes occur. It seems that these changes are related to neuromuscular patterns and have...
BACKGROUND
During the growth period, before and after maturity, considerable biological changes occur. It seems that these changes are related to neuromuscular patterns and have significant differences in the functional movements performed of young boys and girls during the maturation process. The current study aimed to look at the movement quality scores of school-aged girls and boys.
METHODS
This Cross-Sectional Study assessed the movement quality of 700 school-aged boys and girls aged 8 to 17, divided into 10 groups of 35 girls and 10 groups of 35 boys. Movement quality was evaluated by the Fusionetics scoring system, which includes 7 tasks: two-leg squat, two-leg squat with heel raise, one-leg squat, push-up, shoulder, trunk, and cervical movements that require a person to complete different movement patterns. The data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank and McNemar tests (p <0.05).
RESULTS
This is the first study to our knowledge to examine the movement quality scores in a large school age child with Fusionetics. The overall results showed that the most errors were recorded in all age groups during the double leg squat, double leg squat with heel lift, single leg squat, and push-up and school-age children showed less errors during the shoulder movements, trunk/lumbar spine movements and cervical spine movements. Furthermore, younger girls and boys made more errors than older girls and boys. In relation to gender, this study found that girls scored better on the total Fusionetics score than boys.
CONCLUSIONS
The Fusionetics scoring system explains how well school-aged children perform fundamental movements. Under the guidance of coaches and physical educators, students' movement compensation should be assessed and relevant training interventions implemented. Taking steps to address movement compensation could help to avoid injuries and improve school-age children performance.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Movement; Schools; Students; Torso
PubMed: 35799155
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03410-2