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AJOG Global Reports Aug 2023
PubMed: 37424956
DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100237 -
Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 2022Cosmetic surgery is defined as any procedure involving a change in the appearance or aesthetics of a normal anatomy where there are no congenital or acquired... (Review)
Review
Cosmetic surgery is defined as any procedure involving a change in the appearance or aesthetics of a normal anatomy where there are no congenital or acquired pathologies. The procedures that can be included under female cosmetic genital surgery are the following: reduction labiaplasty, vaginoplasty, hymenoplasty, "G-Spot amplification", and miscellaneous. Those who support these procedures could argue that women undergo such procedures as a matter of choice, whereas those opposed could argue that this choice is made because of society's fascination with physical appearance and feeling young. Prima facie these procedures appear to contradict the Hippocratic principle of "primum non nocere". There has been an increase in the marketing and conduct of the above mentioned procedures. Practitioners need to be both sceptical and cautious while performing these surgeries. Patients requesting them need to be counseled regarding the lack of data supporting their efficacy, and the potential complications of the procedures.
Topics: Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Surgery, Plastic; Vagina; Vulva
PubMed: 34730092
DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2021.046 -
Cureus Oct 2021Vulvar leiomyosarcoma is a rare smooth muscle malignant neoplasm but it is the commonest type of vulvar sarcomas. It may mimic benign tumors and misdiagnosis could...
Vulvar leiomyosarcoma is a rare smooth muscle malignant neoplasm but it is the commonest type of vulvar sarcomas. It may mimic benign tumors and misdiagnosis could delay proper management. We report a case of a 38-year-old pregnant woman with leiomyosarcoma of the vulva. The patient presented to her primary general practitioner with a small vulvar mass that she had first noticed one year prior. The tumor was suspected to be benign Bartholin's cyst and treated with antibiotics. The patient declined improvement and had many consultations to different clinics where she had been diagnosed and treated the same. The tumor size started to grow rapidly after she got pregnant, and the patient was referred to our hospital where she underwent tumor resection. Histopathology revealed leiomyosarcoma. The patient had further assessment and close follow-up and has had no recurrence for 12 months. There is little literature available on vulvar leiomyosarcoma, most of which are case reports, and most gynecologic oncologists will go through their whole careers without seeing a single case.
PubMed: 34796063
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18772 -
Folia Morphologica 2022Sentinel node biopsy in vulvar cancer is associated with much less morbidity than inguinofemoral node dissection. Our study focused on describing the morphology of...
BACKGROUND
Sentinel node biopsy in vulvar cancer is associated with much less morbidity than inguinofemoral node dissection. Our study focused on describing the morphology of superficial lymphatic drainage of the vulva and its relationship to regional nodes, which may facilitate orientation during surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In 24 female cadavers, injections of patent blue (at various localisations medially, unilaterally and bilaterally) were used to visualise the lymphatic drainage of the vulva. After dissection of lymphatic vessels and nodes, their course was documented by photograph and then analysed. Subsequently, a map of vulvar superficial lymphatics was created.
RESULTS
The cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue of the vulva primarily drained to superficial inguinal nodes. There was no evidence of a solitary lymph node that drained the unilateral vulva. Each area of the vulva drained to its own lymph node, which was variably localised in the subcutaneous groin around the great saphenous vein. Anastomoses between individual inguinal superficial lymph nodes are likely. Right-left symmetry in the course of lymphatic collectors was not detected. Natural drainage of the medial and paramedial areas to contralateral inguinal nodes was also not detected. The drainage pattern to ipsilateral inguinal nodes was consistent in cadavers without evidence of vulvar disease and may be applicable in the early stages of vulvar cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
There was no evidence of a solitary node that drained the unilateral vulva. Each part of the vulva may drain to a corresponding lymph node in a different localisation of the groin. The surgeon should take this variability into account.
Topics: Female; Humans; Vulvar Neoplasms; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Vessels; Groin
PubMed: 34590298
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2021.0096 -
BMC Genetics Mar 2020Reproductive performance is critical for efficient swine production. Recent results indicated that vulva size (VS) may be predictive of reproductive performance in sows....
BACKGROUND
Reproductive performance is critical for efficient swine production. Recent results indicated that vulva size (VS) may be predictive of reproductive performance in sows. Study objectives were to estimate genetic parameters, identify genomic regions associated, and estimate genomic prediction accuracies (GPA) for VS traits.
RESULTS
Heritability estimates of VS traits, vulva area (VA), height (VH), and width (VW) measurements, were moderately to highly heritable in Yorkshire, with 0.46 ± 0.10, 0.55 ± 0.10, 0.31 ± 0.09, respectively, whereas these estimates were low to moderate in Landrace, with 0.16 ± 0.09, 0.24 ± 0.11, and 0.08 ± 0.06, respectively. Genetic correlations within VS traits were very high for both breeds, with the lowest of 0.67 ± 0.29 for VH and VW for Landrace. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for Landrace, reveled genomic region associated with VS traits on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 2 (154-157 Mb), 7 (107-110 Mb), 8 (4-6 Mb), and 10 (8-19 Mb). For Yorkshire, genomic regions on SSC 1 (87-91 and 282-287 Mb) and 5 (67 Mb) were identified. All regions explained at least 3.4% of the genetic variance. Accuracies of genomic prediction were moderate in Landrace, ranging from 0.30 (VH) to 0.61 (VA), and lower for Yorkshire, with 0.07 (VW) to 0.11 (VH). Between-breed and multi-breed genomic prediction accuracies were low.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that VS traits are heritable in Landrace and Yorkshire gilts. Genomic analyses show that major QTL control these traits, and they differ between breed. Genomic information can be used to increase genetic gains for these traits in gilts. Additional research must be done to validate the GWAS and genomic prediction results reported in our study.
Topics: Animals; Breeding; Female; Genome; Genomics; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Quantitative Trait, Heritable; Reproduction; Sus scrofa; Vulva
PubMed: 32164558
DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-0834-9 -
Australian Journal of General Practice Oct 2022
Topics: Female; Humans; Pruritus; Vulva
PubMed: 36184861
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-02-22-6343 -
Current Biology : CB Jan 2022In species that copulate during non-conceptive periods, such as humans and bonobos, sexual intercourse is known to be pleasurable for females. Dolphins also copulate...
In species that copulate during non-conceptive periods, such as humans and bonobos, sexual intercourse is known to be pleasurable for females. Dolphins also copulate throughout the year, largely to establish and maintain social bonds. In dolphins, the clitoris is positioned in the anterior aspect of the vaginal entrance, where physical contact and stimulation during copulation is likely. Clitoral stimulation seems to be important during female-female sexual interactions in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), which rub each other's clitorises using snouts, flippers, or flukes. Determining a sexual pleasure response in animals not amenable to neurobehavioral examination is difficult, but investigation of the clitoris may elucidate evidence of functionality. In this study, we assessed macro- and micromorphological features of the clitoris in common bottlenose dolphins to examine functional features, including erectile bodies with lacunae, extensible collagen and/or elastin fibers, and the presence and location of sensory nerves. Our observations suggest the clitoris of dolphins has well-developed erectile spaces, is highly sensitive to tactile stimulation, and is likely functional. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Topics: Animals; Bottle-Nosed Dolphin; Clitoris; Copulation; Female; Male
PubMed: 35015987
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.11.020 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Aug 2019This review summarises the current guidelines for vulva cancer in Denmark. Vulva cancer is a rare disease. The diagnosis is often delayed, which results in large tumours... (Review)
Review
This review summarises the current guidelines for vulva cancer in Denmark. Vulva cancer is a rare disease. The diagnosis is often delayed, which results in large tumours and regional spread. The most important prognostic factor is inguinal lymph node metastases. Staging and treatment is centralised to two hospitals. Primary treatment is wide local excision combined with removal of either inguinal sentinel nodes or lymphadenectomy. Treatment is associated with considerable morbidity, and supportive care is often necessary. Local curable recurrences are common. Relapses in the groin are associated with a poor prognosis. Thus, long term follow-up is essential. *) On behalf of Dansk Gynækologisk Cancer Gruppe for vulvacancer.
Topics: Denmark; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; Vulvar Neoplasms
PubMed: 31495360
DOI: No ID Found -
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences Jan 2022Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a rare benign disorder of lymphatic channels in deep dermal and subcutaneous layers. It can occur either as a congenital abnormality or as...
Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a rare benign disorder of lymphatic channels in deep dermal and subcutaneous layers. It can occur either as a congenital abnormality or as acquired damage to previously normal lymphatic channels. It occurs in different parts of the body, and the vulva is one of the parts which is commonly affected. Here, we presented a 39 years old para 2 who presented with vulvar swelling. She was diagnosed with acquired lymphangioma circumscriptum of the vulva and superficial vulvectomy was done.
Topics: Adult; Edema; Female; Humans; Lymphangioma; Vulva; Vulvar Neoplasms
PubMed: 35250235
DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i1.25 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Oct 2021To determine the prevalence of vulvar recession in a large population of dogs and to compare the reproductive and physical differences between dogs with and without...
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of vulvar recession in a large population of dogs and to compare the reproductive and physical differences between dogs with and without recessed vulvas.
ANIMALS
250 female dogs presenting to a tertiary referral institution.
PROCEDURES
Female dogs > 6 months of age presenting to a tertiary referral institution were enrolled. At enrollment, a full medical history was obtained with particular emphasis on the presence of lower urinary tract (LUT) disease in the 3 months prior to presentation. All dogs underwent a full physical examination including perivulvar cytologic examination and scoring of the degree of perivulvar skin coverage on the basis of an 8-point scale. Dogs with scores of ≥ 7 were classified as having recessed vulvas. When available, urinalysis data were also included.
RESULTS
Recessed vulvas were identified in 36 of 250 (14%) dogs. Dogs with recessed vulvas had significantly higher body condition scores and body weights than unaffected dogs. In addition, recessed vulvas were more common in spayed than sexually intact dogs. Dogs spayed at ≤ 1 year of age were almost 3 times as likely to have vulvar recession, compared with dogs spayed at > 1 year of age. No significant difference was identified between affected and unaffected dogs with respect to the prevalence of LUT signs, urinary tract infections, or perivulvar dermatitis.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Although recessed vulvas were relatively common in dogs, they did not appear to be associated with an increased risk of LUT disease or perivulvar dermatitis.
Topics: Animals; Dermatitis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Urinalysis; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Tract Infections; Vulva
PubMed: 34516259
DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.7.744