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Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021In clinical practice, only a few reliable measurement instruments are available for monitoring knee joint rehabilitation. Advances to replace motion capturing with... (Review)
Review
In clinical practice, only a few reliable measurement instruments are available for monitoring knee joint rehabilitation. Advances to replace motion capturing with sensor data measurement have been made in the last years. Thus, a systematic review of the literature was performed, focusing on the implementation, diagnostic accuracy, and facilitators and barriers of integrating wearable sensor technology in clinical practices based on a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. For critical appraisal, the COSMIN Risk of Bias tool for reliability and measurement of error was used. PUBMED, Prospero, Cochrane database, and EMBASE were searched for eligible studies. Six studies reporting reliability aspects in using wearable sensor technology at any point after knee surgery in humans were included. All studies reported excellent results with high reliability coefficients, high limits of agreement, or a few detectable errors. They used different or partly inappropriate methods for estimating reliability or missed reporting essential information. Therefore, a moderate risk of bias must be considered. Further quality criterion studies in clinical settings are needed to synthesize the evidence for providing transparent recommendations for the clinical use of wearable movement sensors in knee joint rehabilitation.
Topics: Humans; Knee Joint; Movement; Reproducibility of Results; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 34960315
DOI: 10.3390/s21248221 -
Pediatrics Nov 2013Fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency is positively associated with physical activity and fitness levels. The objective of this study was to systematically review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency is positively associated with physical activity and fitness levels. The objective of this study was to systematically review evidence for the benefits of FMS interventions targeting youth.
METHODS
A search with no date restrictions was conducted across 7 databases. Studies included any school-, home-, or community-based intervention for typically developing youth with clear intent to improve FMS proficiency and that reported statistical analysis of FMS competence at both preintervention and at least 1 other postintervention time point. Study designs included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using experimental and quasi-experimental designs and single group pre-post trials. Risk of bias was independently assessed by 2 reviewers.
RESULTS
Twenty-two articles (6 RCTs, 13 quasi-experimental trials, 3 pre-post trials) describing 19 interventions were included. All but 1 intervention were evaluated in primary/elementary schools. All studies reported significant intervention effects for ≥ 1 FMS. Meta-analyses revealed large effect sizes for overall gross motor proficiency (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68-2.16, Z = 3.77, P < .0002) and locomotor skill competency (SMD = 1.42, 95% CI 0.56-2.27, Z = 3.25, P = .001). A medium effect size for object control skill competency was observed (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI 0.28-0.98, Z = 3.53, P = .0004). Many studies scored poorly for risk of bias items.
CONCLUSIONS
School- and community-based programs that include developmentally appropriate FMS learning experiences delivered by physical education specialists or highly trained classroom teachers significantly improve FMS proficiency in youth.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Motor Activity; Motor Skills; Movement; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Students
PubMed: 24167179
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-1167 -
PloS One 2022Sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity are constituent parts of a 24h period and there are several questionnaires to measure these movement behaviours, the...
BACKGROUND
Sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity are constituent parts of a 24h period and there are several questionnaires to measure these movement behaviours, the objective was to systematically review the literature on content and measurement properties of self- and proxy-reported questionnaires measuring movement behaviours in adults and older adults.
METHODS
The databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched until April 2021. Articles were included if: the questionnaires were design for adults and older adults; the sample size for validity studies had at least 50 participants; at least, both validity and test-retest reliability results of questionnaire that were developed specifically to measure the amount of sleep, sedentary behaviour or physical activity, or their combination were reported; and articles had to be written in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, German, Italian or Chinese.
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
Data extraction, results, studies' quality, and risk of bias were evaluated using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines. Fifty-five articles were included in this review, describing 60 questionnaires. None of the questionnaires showed adequate criterion validity and adequate reliability, simultaneously; 68.3% showed adequate content validity. The risk of bias for criterion validity and reliability were very low in 72.2% and 23.6% of the studies, respectively. Existing questionnaires have insufficient measurement properties and frequent methodologic limitations, and none was developed considering the 24h movement behaviour paradigm. The lack of valid and reliable questionnaires assessing 24h movement behaviours in an integrated way, precludes accurate monitoring and surveillance systems of 24h movement behaviours.
Topics: Aged; Exercise; Humans; Movement; Reproducibility of Results; Sedentary Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35275936
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265100 -
Journal of Manipulative and... 2022This systematic review aimed to assess whether there is a difference in neck strength between military pilots and aircrew with and without chronic neck pain. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aimed to assess whether there is a difference in neck strength between military pilots and aircrew with and without chronic neck pain.
METHODS
The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched. Two independent reviewers selected relevant full articles comparing neck strength between military pilots and aircrew with and without chronic neck pain. Two independent reviewers extracted the data from the full articles selected. A meta-analysis was used to assess standardized mean differences in neck strength based on a random-effects model.
RESULTS
The search returned 3554 results; 5 articles were included in the study. Military pilots and aircrew with chronic neck pain showed no difference in neck strength from military pilots and aircrew without chronic neck pain for flexion and extension, but did show a neck strength reduction for right and left lateral flexion -0.29 (95% confidence interval, -0.52 to -0.06; I² = 3%) and -0.23 (95% confidence interval, -0.45 to 0.00; I² = 0%), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Based on this meta-analysis with a 3a level of evidence, military pilots and aircrew with chronic neck pain have reduced neck strength for coronal head movement, but not sagittal movement compared with military pilots and aircrew without chronic neck pain.
Topics: Humans; Neck Pain; Head Movements; Military Personnel; Neck; Chronic Pain
PubMed: 36336484
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.09.006 -
Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal... Nov 2017The mechanical behavior of the peripheral nervous system under elongation and tension has not been adequately established in vivo. (Review)
Review
BACKROUND
The mechanical behavior of the peripheral nervous system under elongation and tension has not been adequately established in vivo.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this review is to investigate the mechanical behavior of the peripheral nervous system in vivo.
METHODS
In vivo studies which evaluated the effects of limb movement and neurodynamic tests on peripheral nerve biomechanics were systematically searched in PubMed (Medline), the Cochrane Database, CINAHL, PEDro, Embase and Web of Science. Studies fulfilling the search criteria were assessed for methodological quality with a modified version of the Down & Blacks scale by two reviewers.
RESULTS
This review includes the results of 22 studies, of which 15 examined limb movement influencing the median nerve, four the sciatic nerve, two the tibial nerve; and one each the ulnar and peroneal nerves respectively. Substantial nerve longitudinal and transverse excursion and changes in diameter were reported. Despite this, increased nerve strain was not a major finding.
CONCLUSION
The heterogeneity of included studies, including wide variety of nerves tested, measurement location and joint position prevented comparisons between studies and also amalgamation of data. Limb movement induces complex biomechanical effects of which nerve elongation plays only a minor role.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Extremities; Humans; Movement; Peripheral Nerves; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 28869435
DOI: 10.3233/BMR-169720 -
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &... Apr 2018Movement variability during repetitive performance of a dynamic activity (eg, running, jumping, kicking) is considered an integral characteristic of optimal movement... (Review)
Review
Movement variability during repetitive performance of a dynamic activity (eg, running, jumping, kicking) is considered an integral characteristic of optimal movement execution; however, its relationship with musculo-skeletal injury is not known. The primary aim of this study was to review published comparison trials to determine whether movement variability differs between uninjured controls and subjects with a lower limb musculo-skeletal injury. A systematic search of online databases; MEDLINE, Sports Discus, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from July to November 2016. Studies were selected if they (a) included participants with a lower limb injury, (b) compared injured participants to uninjured controls, (c) examined movement variability for at least one dependent variable, and (d) provided a statistical between-group comparison when comparing measures of movement variability. Studies were excluded if they (a) investigated neurological disorders, (b) examined musculo-skeletal injury in the upper extremity or spine, and (c) used nonlinear measures to examine variability (ie, complexity). A significant difference between injured and uninjured populations was reported in 73% of the included studies, and of these, 64% reported greater movement variability in the injured group. This is the first systematic review with a best-evidence synthesis investigating the association between movement variability and musculo-skeletal injury. Findings suggest that movement variability in those with a musculo-skeletal injury differs from uninjured individuals. Interestingly, there was an overall trend toward greater movement variability being associated with the injured groups, although it should be noted that this trend was not consistent across all subcategories (eg, injury type). For a clearer insight into the clinical application of variability, greater methodological homogeneity is required and prospective research is recommended.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Case-Control Studies; Humans; Leg Injuries; Movement; Musculoskeletal System; Range of Motion, Articular
PubMed: 29239047
DOI: 10.1111/sms.13036 -
Physical Therapy in Sport : Official... May 2016To synthesize the literature and perform a meta-analysis for both the interrater and intrarater reliability of the FMS™. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To synthesize the literature and perform a meta-analysis for both the interrater and intrarater reliability of the FMS™.
METHODS
Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Medline and SportsDiscus databases were systematically searched from inception to March 2015. Studies were included if the primary purpose was to determine the interrater or intrarater reliability of the FMS™, assessed and scored all 7-items using the standard scoring criteria, provided a composite score and employed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Studies were excluded if reliability was not the primary aim, participants were injured at data collection, or a modified FMS™ or scoring system was utilized.
RESULTS
Seven papers were included; 6 assessing interrater and 6 assessing intrarater reliability. There was moderate evidence in good interrater reliability with a summary ICC of 0.843 (95% CI = 0.640, 0.936; Q7 = 84.915, p < 0.0001). There was moderate evidence in good intrarater reliability with a summary ICC of 0.869 (95% CI = 0.785, 0.921; Q12 = 60.763, p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
There was moderate evidence for both forms of reliability. The sensitivity assessments revealed this interpretation is stable and not influenced by any one study. Overall, the FMS™ is a reliable tool for clinical practice.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Exercise Test; Humans; Movement; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 26777566
DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2015.12.002 -
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Jan 2023To explore the effects of rhythmic movement interventions on the physical and cognitive functions among cognitively healthy older adults. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To explore the effects of rhythmic movement interventions on the physical and cognitive functions among cognitively healthy older adults.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang Data, and VIP databases from inception to March 30, 2022. The inclusion criteria were: ① randomized controlled trials (RCTs); ② older adults (aged ≥ 60 years) without cognitive impairments or neurological or neurodegenerative diseases; ③ intervention: rhythmic movement (rhythmic exercise or physical activities performed to music); ④ outcomes: physical or cognitive function. Overall, 44 RCTs across 20 countries (n = 2752 participants) were included.
RESULTS
An association was found between rhythmic movement and improved physical function (mobility, cardiopulmonary endurance, muscle strength, flexibility, and balance), global cognitive function, and quality of life (QOL). The physical function outcomes suggested additional significant benefits when using control groups with no exercise than when using control groups with exercise. No significant improvement was found in executive function.
CONCLUSION
Regular rhythmic movement likely improves physical function, global cognitive function, and QOL in healthy older adults. The effect of rhythmic movement on the physical function in older adults is similar to that of routine exercise. Further studies on cognitive function of healthy older adults using larger samples of populations with more balanced sex ratios with long-term follow-up are particularly encouraged.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Exercise; Executive Function; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 36257163
DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104837 -
Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2021Cognitive, sensory, and biomechanical factors may affect gait of older adults. Among biomechanical factors, reduced pelvis and trunk range of motion (ROM) were... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Cognitive, sensory, and biomechanical factors may affect gait of older adults. Among biomechanical factors, reduced pelvis and trunk range of motion (ROM) were associated with slower gait speed, shorter step length, and increased susceptibility to fall in older adults.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the studies that compared trunk and pelvic movement during gait among adults and older adults.
METHODS
Electronic search was conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cinahl from inception until May 2020. Studies that compared trunk and/or pelvis kinematics during gait between adults and older adults were included. The following data were extracted from studies: gait speed, walking surface, and pelvis trunk ROM during gait in the three planes of motion. Meta-analyses were calculated for slow, comfortable, and fast gait speeds using random effects models. GRADE determined the strength of evidence.
RESULTS
Twelve studies were included in this review. There was moderate-quality evidence that older adults have reduced pelvic rotation ROM at comfortable speed (SMD = -0.90 [-1.35, -0.45]) and high-quality evidence that older adults also have reduced pelvic rotation ROM at fast walking speed (SMD = -1.55 [-3.43, -0.33]). In addition, there was low-quality evidence that older adults have reduced trunk rotation at fast walking speed (SMD = -0.63 [-1.23, -0.03]). There were no differences for pelvic and trunk movement in the sagittal and frontal planes.
CONCLUSION
There is low to high quality of evidence that older adults walk with less pelvic rotation ROM in comfortable and fast walking speeds, and less trunk rotation ROM during fast walking speed.
Topics: Aged; Biomechanical Phenomena; Gait; Humans; Movement; Pelvis; Range of Motion, Articular; Torso; Walking
PubMed: 33707165
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2021.01.003 -
Journal of Biomechanics Nov 2017Continuous monitoring of spine movement function could enhance our understanding of low back pain development. Wearable technologies have gained popularity as promising... (Review)
Review
Continuous monitoring of spine movement function could enhance our understanding of low back pain development. Wearable technologies have gained popularity as promising alternative to laboratory systems in allowing ambulatory movement analysis. This paper aims to review the state of art of current use of wearable technology to assess spine kinematics and kinetics. Four electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles were searched to find studies employing wearable technologies to assess the spine in adults performing dynamic movements. Two reviewers independently identified relevant papers. Customised data extraction and quality appraisal form were developed to extrapolate key details and identify risk of biases of each study. Twenty-two articles were retrieved that met the inclusion criteria: 12 were deemed of medium quality (score 33.4-66.7%), and 10 of high quality (score >66.8%). The majority of articles (19/22) reported validation type studies. Only 6 reported data collection in real-life environments. Multiple sensors type were used: electrogoniometers (3/22), strain gauges based sensors (3/22), textile piezoresistive sensor (1/22) and accelerometers often used with gyroscopes and magnetometers (15/22). Two sensors units were mainly used and placing was commonly reported on the spine lumbar and sacral regions. The sensors were often wired to data transmitter/logger resulting in cumbersome systems. Outcomes were mostly reported relative to the lumbar segment and in the sagittal plane, including angles, range of motion, angular velocity, joint moments and forces. This review demonstrates the applicability of wearable technology to assess the spine, although this technique is still at an early stage of development.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Low Back Pain; Movement; Posture; Range of Motion, Articular; Spine; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 29102267
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.09.037