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Journal of Physical Activity & Health Sep 2022The retirement transition constitutes both a risk and an opportunity for changes in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). The present systematic review... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The retirement transition constitutes both a risk and an opportunity for changes in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). The present systematic review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding the differences between socioeconomic status (SES) groups in changes in PA and SB across the retirement transition.
METHODS
The authors searched 5 databases. Inclusion criteria were: investigating statutory retirement, measuring PA and/or SB at least once before and once after retirement, and reporting information on SES differences. Results are reported by means of a narrative synthesis, combined with harvest plots based on direction of effect.
RESULTS
We included 24 papers from 19 studies. Sixteen papers focused on PA, 3 on SB, and 5 investigated both. For total PA, occupational PA, and total sedentary time, nearly all publications reported more favorable changes for high SES groups. For recreational PA, active transport, and screen time, there seemed to be a tendency toward more favorable changes for high SES groups. Changes in household/caregiving PA did not appear to differ between SES groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Changes in movement behavior during the retirement transition are potentially more favorable for high SES adults. Nonetheless, the differences between SES groups seem to depend on the domain of movement behavior.
Topics: Adult; Exercise; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Retirement; Sedentary Behavior; Social Class
PubMed: 35985645
DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0196 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Jun 2023Recent technological advances allow for the repeated sampling of real-time data in natural settings using electronic ecological momentary assessment (eEMA). These... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Recent technological advances allow for the repeated sampling of real-time data in natural settings using electronic ecological momentary assessment (eEMA). These advances are particularly meaningful for investigating physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep in young adults who are in a critical life stage for the development of healthy lifestyle behaviors.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to describe the use of eEMA methodologies in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep research in young adults.
METHODS
The PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched through August 2022. Inclusion criteria were use of eEMA; sample of young adults aged 18 to 25 years; at least 1 measurement of physical activity, sedentary behavior, or sleep; English language; and a peer-reviewed report of original research. Study reports were excluded if they were abstracts, protocols, or reviews. The risk of bias assessment was conducted using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessments were conducted by independent authors, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis were used to identify overarching patterns within the following categories guided by the Checklist for Reporting Ecological Momentary Assessments Studies: study characteristics, outcomes and measures, eEMA procedures, and compliance.
RESULTS
The search resulted in 1221 citations with a final sample of 37 reports describing 35 unique studies. Most reports (28/37, 76%) were published in the last 5 years (2017-2022), used observational designs (35/37, 95%), consisted of samples of college students or apprentices (28/35, 80%), and were conducted in the United States (22/37, 60%). The sample sizes ranged from 14 to 1584 young adults. Physical activity was measured more frequently (28/37, 76%) than sleep (16/37, 43%) or sedentary behavior (4/37, 11%). Of the 37 studies, 11 (30%) reports included 2 movement behaviors and no reports included 3 movement behaviors. eEMA was frequently used to measure potential correlates of movement behaviors, such as emotional states or feelings (25/37, 68%), cognitive processes (7/37, 19%), and contextual factors (9/37, 24%). There was wide variability in the implementation and reporting of eEMA procedures, measures, missing data, analysis, and compliance.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of eEMA methodologies in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep research in young adults has greatly increased in recent years; however, reports continue to lack standardized reporting of features unique to the eEMA methodology. Additional areas in need of future research include the use of eEMA with more diverse populations and the incorporation of all 3 movement behaviors within a 24-hour period. The findings are intended to assist investigators in the design, implementation, and reporting of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep research using eEMA in young adults.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42021279156; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021279156.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Sedentary Behavior; Ecological Momentary Assessment; Cross-Sectional Studies; Electronics; Exercise
PubMed: 37384367
DOI: 10.2196/46783 -
Journal of Dance Medicine & Science :... 2016In dance, the goals of actions are not always clearly defined. Investigations into the perceived quality of dance actions and their relation to biomechanical motion... (Review)
Review
In dance, the goals of actions are not always clearly defined. Investigations into the perceived quality of dance actions and their relation to biomechanical motion should give insight into the performance of dance actions and their goals. The purpose of this review was to explore and document current literature concerning dance perception and its relation to the biomechanics of motion. Seven studies were included in the review. The study results showed systematic differences between expert, non-expert, and novice dancers in biomechanical and perceptual measures, both of which also varied according to the actions expressed in dance. Biomechanical and perceptual variables were found to be correlated in all the studies in the review. Significant relations were observed between kinematic variables such as amplitude, speed, and variability of movement, and perceptual measures of beauty and performance quality. However, in general, there were no clear trends in these relations. Instead, the evidence suggests that perceptual ratings of dance may be specific to both the task (the skill of the particular action) and the context (the music and staging). The results also suggest that the human perceptual system is sensitive to skillful movements and neuromuscular coordination. Since the value perceived by audiences appears to be related to dance action goals and the coordination of dance elements, practitioners could place a priority on development and execution of those factors.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Dancing; Esthetics; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Motion Perception; Motor Activity; Research Design; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 27661625
DOI: 10.12678/1089-313X.20.3.127 -
Journal of Sleep Research Dec 2021The interrelationships between sleep and daytime movement behaviours have been examined at interindividual level. Studies of within-person, temporal relationships of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The interrelationships between sleep and daytime movement behaviours have been examined at interindividual level. Studies of within-person, temporal relationships of daytime physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour with the previous and subsequent nights' sleep are increasing. The present systematic review and meta-analysis synthesised the results of studies in school-aged children and youth. Eight databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Global Health, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL) were searched for peer-reviewed articles that examined the association between daytime movement behaviours (including PA, sedentary time, or sedentary recreational screen time) and night-time sleep on the same day, or the association between night-time sleep and daytime movement behaviours the next day, in children and youth. A total of 11 studies comprising 9,622 children and youth aged 5-15 years met the inclusion criteria. Sedentary time was negatively associated with the subsequent night's sleep duration (r = -0.12, 95% confidence interval -0.23 to -0.00; I = 93%; p = .04). Positive relationships between PA and the previous or subsequent night's sleep duration were observed only for studies that adjusted for accelerometer wear time. There was some evidence suggesting that a longer sleep duration was associated with less sedentary time and a higher proportion of the daytime spent being physically active and vice versa, although the association was weak and based on a limited number of studies. From a clinical perspective, promotion of either sleep hygiene or daytime PA should be planned with considerations of the virtuous or vicious circle between these behaviours and monitor concurrent effects on the others.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Exercise; Humans; Sedentary Behavior; Sleep
PubMed: 34235808
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13378 -
Biological Research For Nursing Oct 2023To evaluate the effectiveness of different types of physiotherapy interventions in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of different types of physiotherapy interventions in people with Parkinson's disease (PD).
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
METHODS
Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science Core Collection) were searched for relevant RCTs published from database inception to July 14, 2022. Reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the literature quality according to the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and PEDro Scale. This meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.1 and reported in compliance with the PRISMA statement.
RESULTS
Forty-two RCTs with 2,530 participants were included. Across all types of physiotherapy, strength training, mind-body exercise, aerobic exercise, and non-invasive brain stimulation (NiBS) were effective in improving motor symptoms as measured by the (Movement Disorders Society-) Unified PD Scale, whereas balance and gait training (BGT) and acupuncture were not. The pooled results showed that the change in mind-body exercise (MD = -5.36, 95% CI [-7.97 to -2.74], < .01, = 68%) and NiBS (MD = -4.59, 95% CI [-8.59 to -0.59], = .02, = 78%) reached clinical threshold, indicating clinically meaningful improvements. Considering the effectiveness of the interventions on motor symptoms, balance, gait and functional mobility, mind-body exercise was recommended the most.
CONCLUSIONS
Exercise appears to be a better form of physiotherapy than NiBS and acupuncture for improving motor function. Mind-body exercise showed beneficial effects on motor symptoms, balance, gait and functional mobility in people with PD, and is worthy of being promoted.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Physical Therapy Modalities; Exercise Therapy; Exercise; Gait
PubMed: 37070664
DOI: 10.1177/10998004231171587 -
Archives of Physical Medicine and... Sep 2020To critically appraise, compare, and summarize the quality of the measurement properties of the Dartfish software across various populations and motion tasks. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To critically appraise, compare, and summarize the quality of the measurement properties of the Dartfish software across various populations and motion tasks.
DATA SOURCES
Systematic electronic searches were performed in the PsychInfo, Embase, Medline@Ovid, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases from January 1999 to January 2020.
STUDY SELECTION
Prospective measurement studies published in English peer-reviewed journals that reported on at least 1 psychometric property (reliability, validity, measurement error) using Dartfish were included. An independent reviewer performed searches and identified studies.
DATA EXTRACTION
We followed the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments 2018 guideline for abstracting and assessing data quality. Independent extraction was performed by 2 individual authors. The extracted data involved the author, year, study population, setting, sample size, and measurement properties, as well as information on camera positions, analyzed movement variables, and the corresponding strategy for addressing perspective error.
DATA SYNTHESIS
In total, 23 studies were included in this review. Studies were pooled to examine inter-rater reliability estimates for different tasks: single-leg squat angle (2 studies, 115 participants; intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.99), single-leg vertical drop jump angle (2 studies, 94 participants; ICC, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.20-0.99), and vertical drop jump angle (2 studies, 100 participants; ICC, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.92). Concurrent validity (2-dimensional Dartfish vs 3-dimensional Vicon) was established using the push and release task, single leg stance, and single leg stance with acutely induced dizziness in 45 healthy Parkinson patients. A correlation of 0.59 to 0.98 was reported. For tracking angles across various movements, a measurement error of approximately 10° retest variation was reported in 3 studies.
CONCLUSION
Dartfish is a reliable software for assessing a variety of tasks across multiple contexts of assessments. Evidence suggests that the estimates of motion obtained with Dartfish are valid for single plane movements.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Movement; Physical Functional Performance; Physical Therapy Modalities; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Software; Video Recording
PubMed: 32171743
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.02.011 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Dec 2016The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and assess evidence related to the efficacy of meditative movement (MM) on sleep quality. We conducted a... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and assess evidence related to the efficacy of meditative movement (MM) on sleep quality. We conducted a comprehensive review of relevant studies drawn from English and Chinese databases. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting outcomes of the effects of MM (tai chi, qi gong, and yoga) on sleep quality were taken into consideration. Twenty-seven RCTs fulfilled our inclusion criteria and formed the basis for this review. Due to clinical heterogeneity, no meta-analysis was performed. Seventeen studies received a Jadad score of ≥3 and were considered high-quality studies. Findings of the 17 studies showed that MM has beneficial effects for various populations on a range of sleep measures. Improvement in sleep quality was reported in the majority of studies and was often accompanied by improvements in quality of life, physical performance, and depression. However, studies to date generally have significant methodological limitations. Additional RCTs with rigorous research designs focusing on sleep quality or insomnia and testing specific hypotheses are needed to clearly establish the efficacy of MM in improving sleep quality and its potential use as an intervention for various populations.
Topics: Depression; Humans; Meditation; Movement; Quality of Life; Sleep
PubMed: 26802824
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.12.001 -
Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation... Apr 2023This systematic review aimed to pool available evidence of differences in trunk and lower extremity biomechanics during the different phases of a sit-to-stand (STS) task... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review aimed to pool available evidence of differences in trunk and lower extremity biomechanics during the different phases of a sit-to-stand (STS) task between persons with stroke and to healthy controls.
METHODS
Four electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched up to, and including, December 2021. Studies were included if they investigated kinematic, kinetic and/or electromyographic outcome measures of adults with stroke during STS and compared results with healthy controls. Data from eligible studies were categorized according to STS subphases if reported (Phase I: Movement onset to seat-off; Seat-off; Phase II: Seat-off to movement termination; Whole task [if no subtasks reported]). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias.
RESULTS
Twenty-one studies were included in this systematic review. Methodological quality ranged from 13% to 75%; mean score was 55%. The findings of this systematic review suggest that after stroke, people rise to stand (phase I) with increased lateral trunk flexion and displacement of the center of pressure (COP) towards the non-paretic side, decreased anterior pelvic tilt, decreased hip flexion and altered timing of lower limb muscle activation. In addition, during phase II, lateral pelvic translation and weight distribution asymmetry was increased, knee extension velocity was decreased and delayed, stabilization was decreased and COP velocity was increased compared with healthy subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review clearly showed changes in kinematics, kinetics and muscle recruitment after stroke, with differences between the different phases of STS. Therapeutic interventions should focus on subphases of this functional task to optimize performance in daily living.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Biomechanical Phenomena; Lower Extremity; Posture; Movement; Stroke
PubMed: 35597449
DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2022.101676 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jul 2023Evidence exists demonstrating the negative impacts of chronic musculoskeletal pain on key measures of gait. Despite neck pain being the second most common... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Evidence exists demonstrating the negative impacts of chronic musculoskeletal pain on key measures of gait. Despite neck pain being the second most common musculoskeletal pain condition, there is a paucity of evidence exploring the impacts of neck pain specifically on these outcomes. The aims of this work were to systematically review the current evidence of the associations between chronic neck pain and measures of gait health and to conduct meta-analysis for quantitative assessment of the effect sizes under different walking conditions.
METHODS
Systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched included MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PEDro. Eligible study designs included observational studies consisting of an exposure group with chronic neck pain and control group without chronic neck pain and primary outcomes relating to gait health. For outcomes amenable to meta-analysis, a random-effects model was used to derive summary estimates of Hedge's g depicted graphically with forest plots. Other gait outcomes were narratively summarized. Risk of bias was also assessed.
RESULTS
The original search yielded 1918 articles; 12 met final eligibility criteria including 10 cross-sectional studies. Outcomes were grouped first by the five domains of gait: pace, rhythm, asymmetry, variability, and postural control; and second by the tested walking conditions. Meta-analyses for gait speed revealed large effect-sizes indicating that individuals with chronic neck pain had slower measures of gait and lower measures of cadence. Gait outcomes that were narratively summarized supported these findings.
CONCLUSION
The quantitative and qualitative findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest a negative impact of CNNP on measures of gait health, particularly gait speed, under various walking conditions. However, broad interpretation of these results should be cautious. Testing gait under dual task conditions may be particularly sensitive to the impact of CNNP, and future work is needed to better understand how pain disrupts this important functionality of the locomotor system. Additionally, consideration should be made to assess measures of variability and investigate these relationships in the older adult population.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Neck Pain; Musculoskeletal Pain; Cross-Sectional Studies; Gait; Walking
PubMed: 37516827
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06721-2 -
Journal of Traumatic Stress Jun 2022First responders are exposed to repetitive work-related trauma and, thus, are at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Eye-movement desensitization...
First responders are exposed to repetitive work-related trauma and, thus, are at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychotherapy intervention designed to treat symptoms of posttraumatic stress. We conducted a systematic review to examine the viability of EMDR among first responders. The primary aim of this review was to identify studies that have trialed EMDR among first responders and evaluate its effectiveness in reducing trauma-related symptoms; a secondary aim was to identify whether EMDR has been used as an early intervention for this cohort and determine its effectiveness as such. Four databases were searched. Studies were included if they evaluated the extent to which EMDR was effective in alleviating symptoms stemming from work-related trauma exposure among first responders. The findings from each study were reported descriptively, and eight studies that evaluated the efficacy of EMDR in this population were included. There was substantial variation in how EMDR was implemented, particularly in the type, duration, frequency, and timing. The findings suggest that EMDR can alleviate symptoms of work-related trauma exposure among first responders; however, findings regarding early intervention were inconclusive, and a methodological quality assessment revealed that all studies were classified as being of either weak or medium quality. Although this review provides preliminary insights into the effectiveness of EMDR for first responders, the conclusions that can be drawn from the literature are limited, and the findings highlight several gaps in the literature.
Topics: Emergency Responders; Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing; Eye Movements; Humans; Psychotherapy; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35064977
DOI: 10.1002/jts.22792