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Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B Dec 2021This meta-analysis aimed to determine the main factors influencing surgical outcomes in children <3 years old with refractory epilepsy. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
This meta-analysis aimed to determine the main factors influencing surgical outcomes in children <3 years old with refractory epilepsy.
METHODS
The PubMed and Cochrane database were systematically searched for epilepsy surgery outcomes from December 1, 1991, to March 30, 2021, using the following search terms: "Epilepsy surgery OR Seizure operation" AND "under three years" OR "first three years" OR "early childhood" OR "infancy OR infants." Seizure onset, duration of epilepsy, magnetic resonance imaging findings, age at the time of surgery, surgical methods, resection extent, and pathological findings were considered potential moderators of differences in seizure outcomes. The fixed-effects models, combined effect sizes, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to calculate the influence of potential factors on seizure outcomes.
RESULTS
Thirty two studies (559 cases) were included in the meta-analysis. The significant factors that correlated with a lower seizure control rate were frontal lobectomy (odds ratio [OR]: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12-0.91; p = 0.03) and malformation of cortical development (MCD) (OR, 0.38; 95% CI: 0.24-0.62; p < 0.01). A higher seizure control rate was observed in children with tumors (92.86%) and Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS, 91.43%). Frontal lobe epilepsy induced by MCD was related to the worst postoperative efficacy (OR, 0.26; 95% CI: 0.13-0.53; p < 0.01).
SIGNIFICANCE
The results of our meta-analyses revealed that pathology and surgical location play critical roles in the outcome of epilepsy surgery in children <3 years old. Clarification of the etiology of epilepsy before surgery is critical for better postoperative outcomes.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistant Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe; Humans; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Seizures; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34731717
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108369 -
Epilepsy Research Dec 2023Several surgical options are available for treating hypothalamic hamartoma-related epilepsy but their respective efficacy and safety profiles are poorly defined. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
Several surgical options are available for treating hypothalamic hamartoma-related epilepsy but their respective efficacy and safety profiles are poorly defined.
METHODS
A literature search identified English-language articles reporting series of patients (minimum 3 patients with a follow-up ≥12 months) operated on by either microsurgery, endoscopic surgery, radiosurgery, radiofrequency thermocoagulation or laser interstitial thermal therapy for hypothalamic hamartoma-related epilepsy. The unit of analysis was each selected study. Pooled rates of seizure freedom and of neurological and endocrinological complications were analyzed using meta-analysis to calculate both fixed and random effects. The results of meta-analyses were compared.
RESULTS
Thirty-nine studies were included. There were 568 and 514 participants for seizure outcome and complication analyses, respectively. The pairwise comparison showed that: i) the proportion of seizure-free cases was significantly lower for radiosurgery as compared to microsurgery, radiofrequency thermocoagulation and laser ablation, and significantly lower for endoscopic surgery as compared to radiofrequency thermocoagulation; ii) the proportion of permanent hypothalamic dysfunction was significantly higher for microsurgery as compared to all other techniques, and significantly lower for endoscopic surgery as compared to radiofrequency thermocoagulation and laser ablation; iii) the incidence of permanent neurological disorders was significantly higher for microsurgery as compared to endoscopic surgery, radiosurgery and radiofrequency thermocoagulation, and significantly lower for radiosurgery as compared to laser ablation.
CONCLUSIONS
Minimally invasive surgical techniques, including endoscopic surgery, radiofrequency thermocoagulation and laser ablation, represent an acceptable compromise between efficacy and safety in the treatment of hypothalamic hamartoma-related epilepsy. Microsurgery and radiosurgery should be considered in carefully selected cases.
Topics: Humans; Epilepsy; Hypothalamic Diseases; Hamartoma; Seizures; Radiosurgery; Treatment Outcome; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 38006630
DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107261 -
Seizure Mar 2016The study aims to review systematically the quality of evidence supporting seizure detection devices. The unpredictable nature of seizures is distressing and disabling... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The study aims to review systematically the quality of evidence supporting seizure detection devices. The unpredictable nature of seizures is distressing and disabling for sufferers and carers. If a seizure can be reliably detected then the patient or carer could be alerted. It could help prevent injury and death.
METHODS
A literature search was completed. Forty three of 120 studies found using relevant search terms were suitable for systematic review which was done applying pre-agreed criteria using PRISMA guidelines. The papers identified and reviewed were those that could have potential for everyday use of patients in a domestic setting. Studies involving long term use of scalp electrodes to record EEG were excluded on the grounds of unacceptable restriction of daily activities.
RESULTS
Most of the devices focused on changes in movement and/or physiological signs and were dependent on an algorithm to determine cut off points. No device was able to detect all seizures and there was an issue with both false positives and missed seizures. Many of the studies involved relatively small numbers of cases or report on only a few seizures. Reports of seizure alert dogs are also considered.
CONCLUSION
Seizure detection devices are at a relatively early stage of development and as yet there are no large scale studies or studies that compare the effectiveness of one device against others. The issue of false positive detection rates is important as they are disruptive for both the patient and the carer. Nevertheless, the development of seizure detection devices offers great potential in the management of epilepsy.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Databases, Bibliographic; Diagnosis; Dogs; Electroencephalography; False Positive Reactions; Humans; Movement; Precision Medicine; Seizures
PubMed: 26859097
DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.01.013 -
JAMA Neurology May 2024Guidelines recommend seizure prophylaxis for early posttraumatic seizures (PTS) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Use of antiseizure medications for early... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
Guidelines recommend seizure prophylaxis for early posttraumatic seizures (PTS) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Use of antiseizure medications for early seizure prophylaxis after mild or moderate TBI remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the association between seizure prophylaxis and risk reduction for early PTS in mild and moderate TBI.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science (January 1, 1991, to April 18, 2023) were systematically searched.
STUDY SELECTION
Observational studies of adult patients presenting to trauma centers in high-income countries with mild (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS], 13-15) and moderate (GCS, 9-12) TBI comparing rates of early PTS among patients with seizure prophylaxis with those without seizure prophylaxis.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) reporting guidelines were used. Two authors independently reviewed all titles and abstracts, and 3 authors reviewed final studies for inclusion. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with absolute risk reduction.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The main outcome was absolute risk reduction of early PTS, defined as seizures within 7 days of initial injury, in patients with mild or moderate TBI receiving seizure prophylaxis in the first week after injury. A secondary analysis was performed in patients with only mild TBI.
RESULTS
A total of 64 full articles were reviewed after screening; 8 studies (including 5637 patients) were included for the mild and moderate TBI analysis, and 5 studies (including 3803 patients) were included for the mild TBI analysis. The absolute risk reduction of seizure prophylaxis for early PTS in mild to moderate TBI (GCS, 9-15) was 0.6% (95% CI, 0.1%-1.2%; P = .02). The absolute risk reduction for mild TBI alone was similar 0.6% (95% CI, 0.01%-1.2%; P = .04). The number needed to treat to prevent 1 seizure was 167 patients.
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE
Seizure prophylaxis after mild and moderate TBI was associated with a small but statistically significant reduced risk of early posttraumatic seizures after mild and moderate TBI. The small absolute risk reduction and low prevalence of early seizures should be weighed against potential acute risks of antiseizure medications as well as the risk of inappropriate continuation beyond 7 days.
Topics: Humans; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Anticonvulsants; Seizures
PubMed: 38587858
DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.0689 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Jan 2009About 3% of people will be diagnosed with epilepsy during their lifetime, but about 70% of people with epilepsy eventually go into remission. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
About 3% of people will be diagnosed with epilepsy during their lifetime, but about 70% of people with epilepsy eventually go into remission.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the benefits and risks of starting anti-epileptic drug treatment following a single seizure? What are the effects of monotherapy in newly diagnosed partial epilepsy, and in newly diagnosed generalised epilepsy (tonic clonic type)? What are the effects of additional treatments in people with drug-resistant partial epilepsy? Which people in remission from seizures are at risk of relapse on withdrawal of drug treatment? What are the effects of behavioural and psychological treatments for people with epilepsy? What are the effects of surgery in people with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to April 2007 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 59 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: addition of second-line drugs (gabapentin, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, or zonisamide), amygdalohippocampectomy, anti-epileptic drug withdrawal for people in remission, anti-epileptic drugs after a single seizure, biofeedback, carbamazepine, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), educational programmes, family counselling, hemispherectomy, lesionectomy, phenobarbital, phenytoin, relaxation therapy (alone or plus behavioural modification therapy), sodium valproate, temporal lobectomy, topiramate, vagus nerve stimulation as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures, and yoga.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Drug Resistant Epilepsy; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Generalized; Humans; Seizures
PubMed: 19445769
DOI: No ID Found -
Seizure Apr 2021Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high mortality and high morbidity, including seizures. Seizure prophylaxis is "not recommended" by the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high mortality and high morbidity, including seizures. Seizure prophylaxis is "not recommended" by the American Stroke Association, but practice variation still exists due to inconclusive data. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the current relevant literature to determine the efficacy of seizure prophylaxis following ICH.
METHODS
We performed searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase up to September 15, 2020. We included observational and randomized controlled studies reporting seizure prophylaxis and occurrence in adults with ICH. Outcomes were seizures, as defined by the authors, within 14 days of ICH and at the longest point of follow-up. We used random-effects models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for seizure prophylaxis and outcomes. The PROSPERO registration was CRD42019140493.
RESULTS
We included 8 studies (2852 patients) in our analysis. The mean (± standard deviation) age of the pooled patients was 65 (±4) years; 39 % (± 5%) were female. Seizure prophylaxis did not prevent seizures at the longest follow-up time (OR 0.708, 95 % CI 0.438-1.143, p = 0.158, I2 = 34 %). This result was confirmed in subgroup analyses using categorical variables and in meta-regressions using continuous variables. Additionally, seizure prophylaxis was not associated with preventing early seizures, defined as < 14 days of ICH (OR 0.66, 95 % CI 0.21-2.08, p = 0.48, I2 = 35 %).
CONCLUSION
Seizure prophylaxis following ICH was not associated with seizure prevention in adults. Most included studies were observational. Further randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of seizure prophylaxis in high-risk patients and different types of antiepileptic drugs are needed.
Topics: Aged; Anticonvulsants; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Female; Humans; Levetiracetam; Male; Middle Aged; Phenytoin; Piracetam; Seizures
PubMed: 33713891
DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.02.029 -
Epilepsia May 2022In the last two decades new noninvasive mobile electroencephalography (EEG) solutions have been developed to overcome limitations of conventional clinical EEG and to... (Review)
Review
In the last two decades new noninvasive mobile electroencephalography (EEG) solutions have been developed to overcome limitations of conventional clinical EEG and to improve monitoring of patients with long-term conditions. Despite the availability of mobile innovations, their adoption is still very limited. The aim of this study is to review the current state-of-the-art and highlight the main advantages of adopting noninvasive mobile EEG solutions in clinical trials and research studies of people with epilepsy or suspected seizures. Device characteristics are described, and their evaluation is presented. Two authors independently performed a literature review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A combination of different digital libraries was used (Embase, MEDLINE, Global Health, PsycINFO and https://clinicaltrials.gov/). Twenty-three full-text, six conference abstracts, and eight webpages were included, where a total of 14 noninvasive mobile solutions were identified. Published studies demonstrated at different levels how EEG recorded via mobile EEG can be used for visual detection of EEG abnormalities and for the application of automatic-detection algorithms with acceptable specificity and sensitivity. When the quality of the signal was compared with scalp EEG, many similarities were found in the background activities and power spectrum. Several studies indicated that the experience of patients and health care providers using mobile EEG was positive in different settings. Ongoing trials are focused mostly on improving seizure-detection accuracy and also on testing and assessing feasibility and acceptability of noninvasive devices in the hospital and at home. This review supports the potential clinical value of noninvasive mobile EEG systems and their advantages in terms of time, technical support, cost, usability, and reliability when applied to seizure detection and management. On the other hand, the limitations of the studies confirmed that future research is needed to provide more evidence regarding feasibility and acceptability in different settings, as well as the data quality and detection accuracy of new noninvasive mobile EEG solutions.
Topics: Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Health Personnel; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Seizures
PubMed: 35271736
DOI: 10.1111/epi.17220 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Nov 2020Seizure recurrence after a fit has implications for both individuals and healthcare providers guiding neurologic prognosis, treatment, and driving and work restrictions.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Seizure recurrence after a fit has implications for both individuals and healthcare providers guiding neurologic prognosis, treatment, and driving and work restrictions. A systematic review of long-term seizure recurrence after eclampsia will help to quantify recurrence risk in this setting.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the long-term recurrence of seizures after eclampsia.
SEARCH STRATEGY
After PROSPERO registration, Medline (Ovid), Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched by using the terms (eclampsia OR eclamp* OR eclamptic seizure* OR eclamptic fit*) AND (recur* OR recurrent fit* OR recurrent seizure*) for studies published up until December 2019.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Studies describing long-term seizure recurrence after a diagnosis of eclampsia were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data were extracted from studies independently by two authors. Pooled prevalence was calculated and weighted based on sample size with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
MAIN RESULTS
Initially, 1754 unique studies were identified and 4 were included in the final analysis. The studies involved 1896 women, of whom 7 (0.37%) were affected by a further seizure. The weighted pooled prevalence of seizure recurrence was 0.18% (95% CI, 0.03-1.02).
CONCLUSION
The absolute rate of long-term seizure recurrence after eclampsia is extremely low and within safe limits for driving.
Topics: Adult; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Seizures; Time Factors
PubMed: 32803753
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13347 -
Epilepsia May 2024Computer vision (CV) shows increasing promise as an efficient, low-cost tool for video seizure detection and classification. Here, we provide an overview of the... (Review)
Review
Computer vision (CV) shows increasing promise as an efficient, low-cost tool for video seizure detection and classification. Here, we provide an overview of the fundamental concepts needed to understand CV and summarize the structure and performance of various model architectures used in video seizure analysis. We conduct a systematic literature review of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from January 1, 2000 to September 15, 2023, to identify the strengths and limitations of CV seizure analysis methods and discuss the utility of these models when applied to different clinical seizure phenotypes. Reviews, nonhuman studies, and those with insufficient or poor quality data are excluded from the review. Of the 1942 records identified, 45 meet inclusion criteria and are analyzed. We conclude that the field has shown tremendous growth over the past 2 decades, leading to several model architectures with impressive accuracy and efficiency. The rapid and scalable detection offered by CV models holds the potential to reduce sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and help alleviate resource limitations in epilepsy monitoring units. However, a lack of standardized, thorough validation measures and concerns about patient privacy remain important obstacles for widespread acceptance and adoption. Investigation into the performance of models across varied datasets from clinical and nonclinical environments is an essential area for further research.
Topics: Humans; Seizures; Electroencephalography; Video Recording
PubMed: 38426252
DOI: 10.1111/epi.17926 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Nov 2010Simple febrile seizures are generalised in onset, last <15 minutes, and do not occur more than once in 24 hours. Complex febrile seizures are longer lasting, have focal... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Simple febrile seizures are generalised in onset, last <15 minutes, and do not occur more than once in 24 hours. Complex febrile seizures are longer lasting, have focal symptoms, and can recur within 24 hours. This review only deals with simple febrile seizures. About 2% to 5% of children in the USA and Western Europe, and 6% to 9% of infants and children in Japan will have experienced at least one febrile seizure by the age of 5 years. Simple febrile seizures may slightly increase the risk of developing epilepsy, but have no known adverse effects on behaviour, scholastic performance, or neurocognition.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments given during episodes of fever in children with one or more previous simple febrile seizures? What are the effects of long-term (daily, for >1 month) anticonvulsant treatment in children with a history of simple febrile seizures? What are the effects of treatments on reducing the risk of subsequent epilepsy in children with a history of simple febrile seizures? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to March 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 18 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: anticonvulsants (intermittent or continuous) and antipyretic treatments (physical antipyretic measures, paracetamol, ibuprofen).
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Fever; Humans; Infant; Recurrence; Seizures; Seizures, Febrile
PubMed: 21406130
DOI: No ID Found