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American Journal of Pharmaceutical... Apr 2019To review literature pertaining to entrepreneurship in pharmacy practice, education, and the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) identified for pharmacist... (Review)
Review
To review literature pertaining to entrepreneurship in pharmacy practice, education, and the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) identified for pharmacist entrepreneurs. In terms of pharmacy practice, entrepreneurship was most frequently identified with innovation and creativity to develop new opportunities for pharmacists. The most frequent role for entrepreneurship in pharmacy education was related to schools putting a greater emphasis on innovation, creativity, or divergent thinking. Risk-taking and creativity/innovation were the most frequently identified KSAs, with 17 (63.0%) manuscripts mentioning these as important for a pharmacist entrepreneur. Other KSAs pertaining to pharmacy entrepreneurship that were mentioned in the articles included self-starter, management, proactivity, communication, strategic planning, positivity, decision-making, teamwork, versatility, marketing, critical thinking, competitiveness, proposal development, numeracy, technology, self-reflection, persistence, social responsibility, and cultural competence. No consensus for entrepreneurship in pharmacy practice or education currently exists. In order to improve instructional design and assessment for pharmacy entrepreneurship education, a core set of KSAs for a pharmacist entrepreneur construct must be identified. The most commonly cited KSAs in related literature that are not already part of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education standards include risk-taking, strategic planning, marketing, competitiveness, and social responsibility. These may serve as a starting point for enhancing pharmacy curricula to embrace pharmacist entrepreneurship.
Topics: Communication; Creativity; Curriculum; Decision Making; Education, Pharmacy; Entrepreneurship; Humans; Pharmaceutical Services
PubMed: 31065169
DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7233 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022Supporting parents through the delivery of evidence-based parenting interventions (EBPI) is a way of promoting children's rights, given the known benefits to child... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Supporting parents through the delivery of evidence-based parenting interventions (EBPI) is a way of promoting children's rights, given the known benefits to child development and family wellbeing. Group Triple P (GTP) is an EBPI suitable for parents of children aged 2-12 years, who experience parenting difficulties, and/or child behavior problems. Even though GTP has been intensively studied, information lacks on the magnitude of its effects, considering the risk of bias within and across prior research. To address this, a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration CRD42019085360) to evaluate the effects of GTP on child and parent outcomes at short- and longer-term was performed. Through a systematic search of a set of databases, 737 research papers were identified, and 11 trials were selected. The risk of bias within and across studies was evaluated. Significant positive effects of GTP were found immediately after the intervention for child behavior problems, dysfunctional parenting practices, parenting sense of competence, psychological adjustment, parental stress levels, conflict, and relationship quality. Six months after the intervention, positive effects were found only for child behavior problems. Data suggest that GTP might be an effective EBPI leading to positive family outcomes. Substantial risk of bias was found, highlighting the importance of improving the quality of research.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Child; Child Development; Child Rearing; Child, Preschool; Humans; Parenting; Problem Behavior
PubMed: 35206299
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042113 -
Biomedicines Jan 2021pain is one of the main symptoms of endometriosis and it has a deleterious effect on a patients' personal and social life. To date, the clinical management of pain... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
pain is one of the main symptoms of endometriosis and it has a deleterious effect on a patients' personal and social life. To date, the clinical management of pain includes prolonged medication use and, in some cases, surgery, both of which are disruptive events for patients. Hence, there is an urgency for the development of a sufficient non-invasive medical treatment. Inflammation is one of the causative factors of pain in endometriosis. It is well established that inflammatory mediators promote angiogenesis and interact with the sensory neurons inducing the pain signal; the threshold of pain varies and it depends on the state and location of the disease. The inhibition of inflammatory mediators' synthesis might offer a novel and effective treatment of the pain that is caused by inflammation in endometriosis.
OBJECTIVES
patients with endometriosis experience chronic pelvic pain, which is moderate to severe in terms of intensity. The objective of this systematic review is to highlight the inflammatory mediators that contribute to the induction of pain in endometriosis and present their biological mechanism of action. In addition, the authors aim to identify new targets for the development of novel treatments for chronic pelvic pain in patients with endometriosis.
DATA SOURCES
three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Europe PMC) were searched in order to retrieve articles with the keywords 'inflammation, pain, and endometriosis' between the review period of 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020. This review has been registered with PROSPERO (registry number: CRD42020171018). Eligibility Criteria: only original articles that presented the regulation of inflammatory mediators and related biological molecules in endometriosis and their contribution in the stimulation of pain signal were included.
DATA EXTRACTION
two authors independently extracted data from articles, using predefined criteria.
RESULTS
the database search yielded 1871 articles, which were narrowed down to 56 relevant articles of interest according to the eligibility criteria.
CONCLUSIONS
inflammatory factors that promote angiogenesis and neuroangiogenesis are promising targets for the treatment of inflammatory pain in endometriosis. Specifically, CXC chemokine family, chemokine fractalkine, and PGE have an active role in the induction of pain. Additionally, IL-1β appears to be the primary interleukin (IL), which stimulates the majority of the inflammatory factors that contribute to neuroangiogenesis along with IL-6. Finally, the role of Ninj1 and BDNF proteins needs further investigation.
PubMed: 33435569
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010054 -
International Journal For Quality in... Jun 2008The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze research into accreditation and accreditation processes. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze research into accreditation and accreditation processes.
DATA SOURCES
A multi-method, systematic review of the accreditation literature was conducted from March to May 2007. The search identified articles researching accreditation. Discussion or commentary pieces were excluded.
STUDY SELECTION
From the initial identification of over 3000 abstracts, 66 studies that met the search criteria by empirically examining accreditation were selected. DATA EXTRACTION AND RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS: The 66 studies were retrieved and analyzed. The results, examining the impact or effectiveness of accreditation, were classified into 10 categories: professions' attitudes to accreditation, promote change, organizational impact, financial impact, quality measures, program assessment, consumer views or patient satisfaction, public disclosure, professional development and surveyor issues.
RESULTS
The analysis reveals a complex picture. In two categories consistent findings were recorded: promote change and professional development. Inconsistent findings were identified in five categories: professions' attitudes to accreditation, organizational impact, financial impact, quality measures and program assessment. The remaining three categories-consumer views or patient satisfaction, public disclosure and surveyor issues-did not have sufficient studies to draw any conclusion. The search identified a number of national health care accreditation organizations engaged in research activities.
CONCLUSION
The health care accreditation industry appears to be purposefully moving towards constructing the evidence to ground our understanding of accreditation.
Topics: Accreditation; Attitude of Health Personnel; Delivery of Health Care; Health Services Research; Humans; Patient Satisfaction; Program Evaluation; Quality Assurance, Health Care; Quality Indicators, Health Care
PubMed: 18339666
DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzn005 -
The Journal of Surgical Research Nov 2021Historically, surgery was developed through the visual work of artist-scientists, yet visual art in modern surgical education is rare. The aim of this review is to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Historically, surgery was developed through the visual work of artist-scientists, yet visual art in modern surgical education is rare. The aim of this review is to evaluate the existing literature of learner creation of visual art as an educational tool in surgery and to discuss its potential in augmenting surgical learning.
METHOD
A systematic review of surgical educational interventions involving learner drawing, painting, and sculpting was conducted in 2020.
RESULTS
Our search yielded 388 unique articles, and 12 met inclusion criteria. Seven articles described drawing and sculpting courses designed to develop judgement or aesthetic sense, and five described initiatives to teach or assess surgical anatomy or knowledge. Common goals included the measurement and observation of live models to enhance judgement of proportions, understanding of three-dimensional (3D) anatomical structure, hand-eye coordination, and communicative drawing ability for patient education and medical documentation. Notable outcomes included improved retention of anatomy, correlation of drawing and image labeling with in-service exam scores, and correlation of procedural drawing with ability to perform the same procedure in a simulation.
CONCLUSIONS
Our review suggests that all surgical disciplines could benefit from artistic training through improved visual communication and deeper understanding of 3D anatomy. Such benefits can be translated into Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Core Competencies to guide surgical residency programming. We propose that visual art serves as an educational tool to improve perceptual skill and anatomical understanding in the modern surgeon; however more research is needed to clarify the best modality for incorporation.
Topics: Accreditation; Clinical Competence; Education, Medical, Graduate; Humans; Internship and Residency; Learning
PubMed: 34265601
DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.05.036 -
PloS One 2023This is the first systematic review aims to build the evidence for the impact of accreditation on quality improvement of healthcare services, as well as identify and...
OBJECTIVE
This is the first systematic review aims to build the evidence for the impact of accreditation on quality improvement of healthcare services, as well as identify and develop an understanding of the contextual factors influencing accreditation implementation in the hospital setting through the lens of Normalisation Process Theory (NPT).
DATA SOURCES
Data were gathered from five databases; MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. And supplemental sources.
STUDY DESIGN
This systematic review is reported following PRISMA guidelines with a quality assessment. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis guided by the NPT theoretical framework.
DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS
Data were extracted and summarized using prespecified inclusion/exclusion criteria and a data extraction sheet encompassing all necessary information about the studies included in the review.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
There are inconsistent findings about the impact of accreditation on improving healthcare quality and outcomes, and there is scant evidence about its effectiveness. The findings also provide valuable insights into the key factors that may influence hospital accreditation implementation and develop a better understanding of their potential implications. Using the NPT shows a growing emphasis on the enactment work of the accreditation process and how this may drive improving the quality of healthcare services. However, little focus is given to accreditation's effects on health professionals' roles and responsibilities, strategies and ways for engaging health professionals for effective implementation, and ensuring that the goals and potential benefits of accreditation are made clear and transparent through ongoing evaluation and feedback to all health professionals involved in the accreditation process.
CONCLUSIONS
While there are contradictory findings about the impact of accreditation on improving the quality of healthcare services, accreditation continues to gain acceptance internationally as a quality assurance tool to support best practices in evaluating the quality outcomes of healthcare delivered. Policymakers, healthcare organisations, and researchers should proactively consider a set of key factors for the future implementation of accreditation programmes if they are to be effectively implemented and sustained within the hospital setting. Systematic review registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020172390 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=172390.
Topics: Quality Improvement; Delivery of Health Care; Quality of Health Care; Hospitals; Accreditation
PubMed: 38051746
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294180 -
Journal of Graduate Medical Education Feb 2017Resident handoff communication skills are essential components of medical education training. There are no previous systematic reviews of feedback and evaluation tools... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Resident handoff communication skills are essential components of medical education training. There are no previous systematic reviews of feedback and evaluation tools for physician handoffs.
OBJECTIVE
We performed a systematic review of articles focused on inpatient handoff feedback or assessment tools.
METHODS
The authors conducted a systematic review of English-language literature published from January 1, 2008, to May 13, 2015 on handoff feedback or assessment tools used in undergraduate or graduate medical education. All articles were reviewed by 2 independent abstractors. Included articles were assessed using a quality scoring system.
RESULTS
A total of 26 articles with 32 tools met inclusion criteria, including 3 focused on feedback, 8 on assessment, and 15 on both feedback and assessment. All tools were used in an inpatient setting. Feedback and/or assessment improved the content or organization measures of handoff, while process and professionalism measures were less reliably improved. The Handoff Clinical Evaluation Exercise or a similar tool was used most frequently. Of included studies, 23% (6 of 26) were validity evidence studies, and 31% (8 of 26) of articles included a tool with behavioral anchors. A total of 35% (9 of 26) of studies used simulation or standardized patient encounters.
CONCLUSIONS
A number of feedback and assessment tools for physician handoffs in several specialties have been studied. Limited research has been done on the studied tools. These tools may assist medical educators in assessing trainees' handoff skills.
Topics: Communication; Education, Medical; Feedback; Humans; Internship and Residency; Patient Handoff
PubMed: 28261391
DOI: 10.4300/JGME-D-16-00168.1 -
Cardiovascular Revascularization... Mar 2020Coronary embolism is a rare and potentially fatal phenomenon that occurs primarily in patients with valvular heart disease and atrial fibrillation. There is a lack of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Coronary embolism is a rare and potentially fatal phenomenon that occurs primarily in patients with valvular heart disease and atrial fibrillation. There is a lack of consensus regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and management of coronary embolism, leaving management at the discretion of the treating physician. Through this review, we aim to establish a better understanding of coronary embolism, and to identify treatment options - invasive and non-invasive - that may be used to manage coronary embolism.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Our systematic review included 147 documented cases of coronary embolism from case reports and case series. The average age of our population was 54.2 ± 17.6 years. The most common causes of coronary embolism included infective endocarditis (22.4%), atrial fibrillation (17.0%), and prosthetic heart valve thrombosis (16.3%). Initial presentation was indistinguishable from an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) due to coronary atherosclerosis, and the diagnosis required a high level of suspicion and evaluation with angiography. Treatment strategies included, but were not limited to, thrombectomy, thrombolysis, balloon angioplasty and stent placement. Myocardial dysfunction on echocardiography was observed in over 80% of patients following coronary embolism. "Good outcomes" were reported in 68.7% of case reports and case series, with a mortality rate of 12.9%.
CONCLUSION
Coronary embolism is an under-recognized etiology of myocardial infarction with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. To improve outcomes, physicians should strive for early diagnosis and intervention based on the underlying etiology. Thrombectomy may be considered with the goal of rapid restoration of coronary flow.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Embolism; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Valve Diseases; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Middle Aged; Thrombosis
PubMed: 31178350
DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2019.05.012 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery May 2014The aim of this systematic review is to describe the literature and assessment tools evaluating vascular surgical operative performance that could potentially be used... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review is to describe the literature and assessment tools evaluating vascular surgical operative performance that could potentially be used for the assessment of educational outcomes applicable to the Milestone Project and the Next Accreditation System.
METHODS
A systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and key journals from 1985 to 2013 was performed to identify English-language articles describing assessment of vascular surgical skills and competence. Qualifying studies were abstracted for data concerning study aims, study and assessment setting, skills measured, and metrics used to determine competency. Strengths, weaknesses, and psychometric robustness of the assessment tools were determined.
RESULTS
The literature search identified 617 citations. After title and abstract review, 65 articles were retrieved for full-text assessment and 48 articles were included in the final review. Twenty-nine articles assessed open vascular skills; 19, endovascular skills; six, nontechnical skills; and one, teamwork skills. The majority (84%) of studies were performed in a simulated environment, four (8%) were performed in the operating room, and the remaining three were performed in both a simulated environment and an operating room. Strengths and weaknesses of assessment tools were study and assessor dependent, with none applicable to all study scenarios or procedures.
CONCLUSIONS
The literature describing assessment tools pertinent to vascular surgery is diverse. Existing assessment tools may be relevant to individual technical skill acquisition assessment; however, an operative assessment tool relevant to vascular/endovascular surgery and generalizable to the wide spectrum of technical and nontechnical skills pertinent to vascular surgery needs to be developed, validated, and implemented to allow the practical assessment of resident readiness to operate in an unsupervised setting.
Topics: Certification; Clinical Competence; Curriculum; Education, Medical, Graduate; Educational Measurement; Humans; Learning Curve; Motor Skills; Task Performance and Analysis; Teaching; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 24655750
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.02.018 -
The Australian Journal of Rural Health Dec 2023Student-led clinics can provide health services to marginalised groups where service offerings are sparse or difficult to access, such as rural areas. Offering these... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Student-led clinics can provide health services to marginalised groups where service offerings are sparse or difficult to access, such as rural areas. Offering these services to children and young people can promote health and well-being by addressing the individual challenges and the social determinants of health. There is uncertainty, however, as to whether student-led clinics can meet Australian accreditation standards for health professionals completing degree programs.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to determine the capacity for health student placements in school-based student-led clinics to meet accreditation standards.
DESIGN
A systematic scoping review was conducted based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the PRISMA-ScR statement.
SETTING
Several databases were examined, including Ebsco (Academic Source and CINAHL), ProQuest (PsycINFO, ERIC) and grey literature sources along with a desktop review of accreditation standards across seven health disciplines. Two independent reviewers screened eligible studies.
FINDINGS
The search retrieved 1037 records with 65 full-text papers assessed for eligibility. Eleven papers met the inclusion criteria. Based on the evidence, both nursing and exercise and sports science accreditation standards were best suited to student-led clinics.
DISCUSSION
Although broad categories of work-integrated learning activities were applied, it appears feasible to expect accreditation standards for health disciplines at an Australian university to be a good fit for health student-led school-based clinics.
CONCLUSION
Increasing health student placement opportunities within student-led clinics can improve the health and well-being of children and young people in regional, rural and remote (RRR) areas of Australia who may otherwise have limited access to allied health services.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Australia; Health Promotion; Students; Health Personnel; Learning
PubMed: 37888895
DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13051