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Ageing Research Reviews Sep 2023Telomere attrition is a proposed hallmark of aging. To evaluate the association of telomere length (TL) with chronological age across the human lifespan, we conducted a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Telomere attrition is a proposed hallmark of aging. To evaluate the association of telomere length (TL) with chronological age across the human lifespan, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 414 study samples comprising 743,019 individuals aged 0-112 years. We examined both cross-sectional and longitudinal data, and evaluated the impact of various biological and methodological factors including sex, health status, tissue types, DNA extraction procedures, and TL measurement methods. The pooled corrected correlation between TL and age from cross-sectional samples was -0.19 (95%CI: -0.22 to -0.15), which weakened with increased chronological age (β = 0.003, p < 0.001). Z-score change rates of TL across the lifespan showed a gradual decrease in shortening rate until around age 50 and remained at a relatively stable rate towards the elderly period. A greater attrition rate was observed in longitudinal than cross-sectional evaluations. For TL measured in base pairs, the median change rate of TL was -23 bp/year in cross-sectional samples and -38 bp/year in longitudinal samples. Methodological factors including TL measurement methods and tissue types impacted the TL-age correlation, while sex or disease status did not. This meta-analysis revealed the non-linear shortening trend of TL across the human lifespan and provides a reference value for future studies. Results also highlight the importance of methodological considerations when using TL as an aging biomarker.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Longevity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Telomere Shortening; Aging; Telomere
PubMed: 37567392
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102031 -
Journal of Strength and Conditioning... Jul 2016Ferreira, MI, Barbosa, TM, Costa, MJ, Neiva, HP, and Marinho, DA. Energetics, biomechanics, and performance in masters' swimmers: a systematic review. J Strength Cond... (Review)
Review
Ferreira, MI, Barbosa, TM, Costa, MJ, Neiva, HP, and Marinho, DA. Energetics, biomechanics, and performance in masters' swimmers: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 2069-2081, 2016-This study aimed to summarize evidence on masters' swimmers energetics, biomechanics, and performance gathered in selected studies. An expanded search was conducted on 6 databases, conference proceedings, and department files. Fifteen studies were selected for further analysis. A qualitative evaluation of the studies based on the Quality Index (QI) was performed by 2 independent reviewers. The studies were thereafter classified into 3 domains according to the reported data: performance (10 studies), energetics (4 studies), and biomechanics (6 studies). The selected 15 articles included in this review presented low QI scores (mean score, 10.47 points). The biomechanics domain obtained higher QI (11.5 points), followed by energetics and performance (10.6 and 9.9 points, respectively). Stroke frequency (SF) and stroke length (SL) were both influenced by aging, although SF is more affected than SL. Propelling efficiency (ηp) decreased with age. Swimming performance declined with age. The performance declines with age having male swimmers deliver better performances than female counterparts, although this difference tends to be narrow in long-distance events. One single longitudinal study is found in the literature reporting the changes in performance over time. The remaining studies are cross-sectional designs focusing on the energetics and biomechanics. Overall, biomechanics parameters, such as SF, SL, and ηp, tend to decrease with age. This review shows the lack of a solid body of knowledge (reflected in the amount and quality of the articles published) on the changes in biomechanics, energetics, and performance of master swimmers over time. The training programs for this age-group should aim to preserve the energetics as much as possible and, concurrently, improve the technique. Training sessions should feature a higher percentage of technical drills with the goal of enhancing the swim technique. Another goal should be the association of technique enhancement with aerobic and anaerobic sets, enabling the swimmer to improve the swimming efficiency.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Athletic Performance; Biomechanical Phenomena; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Male; Swimming
PubMed: 27331916
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001279 -
Biological Research For Nursing Apr 2022The purpose of this review was to explore the effects of psychosocial stress from life trauma and racial discrimination on epigenetic aging.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this review was to explore the effects of psychosocial stress from life trauma and racial discrimination on epigenetic aging.
DESIGN
A systematic review of the last 10 years was conducted using four databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsychInfo, and CINAHL.
METHODS
Articles were identified using the following terms: ([(DNA methylation) AND (epigenetic clock)] OR [(DNA methylation) AND (epigenetic age)]) AND (discrimination OR trauma)). Original research articles published in English measuring life trauma, post-traumatic stress, experience of discrimination, and epigenetic clocks or aging were analyzed using PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
Ten articles met inclusion criteria. The study sample size ranged from 96 to 1163 and most study populations had a mean age under 50 and included predominantly White male participants. One study identified accelerated epigenetic aging associated with discrimination using Hannum's clock; 33% of studies evaluating life trauma reported epigenetic age acceleration using GrimAge or Horvath's clock; 25% of studies evaluating childhood trauma reported epigenetic age acceleration using Horvath's clock; and 71% of studies assessing post-traumatic stress observed epigenetic age acceleration with all clocks, while one study reported deceleration using Horvath's clock.
CONCLUSIONS
The experiences of life trauma, post-traumatic stress, and discrimination may be associated with accelerated epigenetic aging that can be consistently detected using different epigenetic clocks. Additional studies inclusive of diverse populations and other psychosocial stressors are needed.
RELEVANCE
Nursing scholars and other health scientists who utilize epigenetic age acceleration to assess health risks may need to consider including psychosocial stressors in their studies as covariates.
Topics: Aging; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenomics; Humans; Male; Racism; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 35102751
DOI: 10.1177/10998004211060561 -
Revista Espanola de Geriatria Y... 2020The ageing process alters the stages of sleep, and the elderly that have this problem tend to be prescribed pharmacological treatment. This has long term side effects...
The ageing process alters the stages of sleep, and the elderly that have this problem tend to be prescribed pharmacological treatment. This has long term side effects and results in increased health costs. On the other hand, frequent or regular physical exercise could be an overall superior alternative, due to its multifactorial effects. It is also less expensive, thus more affordable and accessible. Furthermore, these benefits could be extrapolated to the quality of sleep. Taking this into account the purpose of this paper is to establish the proper amount of physical exercise using the FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type of exercise) principle, and its effect on the quality of sleep, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness in the elderly. This could lead us to a paradigm shift in the treatment of sleep disorders, and also may constitute an alternative method for treating the elderly.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Time Factors
PubMed: 31610889
DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2019.07.003 -
Ageing Research Reviews Sep 2023Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, has shown promise as a senolytic agent for various degenerative diseases. Recently, its protective effect against osteoarthritis (OA), a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, has shown promise as a senolytic agent for various degenerative diseases. Recently, its protective effect against osteoarthritis (OA), a representative age-related disease of the musculoskeletal system, has attracted much attention. The aim of this study is to summarize and analyze the current literature on the effects of quercetin on OA cartilage in in vivo preclinical studies.
METHODS
The Medline (via/using PubMed), Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched up to March 10th, 2023. Risk of bias and the qualitative assessment including mechanisms of all eligible studies and a meta-analysis of cartilage histological scores among the applicable studies was performed.
RESULTS
A total of 12 in vivo animal studies were included in this systematic review. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on six studies using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring system, revealing that quercetin significantly improved OA cartilage OARSI scores (SMD, -6.30 [95% CI, -9.59 to -3.01]; P = 0.0002; heterogeneity: I2 = 86%). The remaining six studies all supported quercetin's protective effects against OA during disease and aging.
CONCLUSIONS
Quercetin has shown beneficial effects on cartilage during OA across animal species. Future double-blind randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to verify the efficacy of quercetin in the treatment of OA in humans.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Quercetin; Senotherapeutics; Osteoarthritis; Aging; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37442369
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101989 -
Ageing Research Reviews Sep 2019Telomere shortening has been proposed as a potentially useful biomarker of human ageing and age-related morbidity and mortality. We performed a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Telomere shortening has been proposed as a potentially useful biomarker of human ageing and age-related morbidity and mortality. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize results from individual studies on the telomere length according to the frailty status and frailty index in older adults. We searched the PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases to identify studies that evaluated the telomere length in frail and non-frail older adults and the relationship between telomere length and frailty index score. We used the base pairs (bp) as a measure of the telomere length. Summary estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Nine studies were included in the present systematic review and a total of 10,079 older adults were analyzed. We found that the frail older adults (n = 355) had shorter telomeres than the non-frail (n = 1894) (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD] -0.41; 95% CI -0.73 to -0.09; P = 0.01; I = 82%). Significant differences in telomere length between frail and non-frail older adults were identified in Hispanic (SMD -1.31; 95% CI -1.71 to -0.92; P < 0.0001; I = 0%) but not in Non-Hispanic countries (SMD -0.13; 95% CI -0.26 to 0.00; P = 0.06; I = 0%). Similar results were found in the adjusted meta-analysis (SMD -0.56; 95% -1.12 to 0.00; P = 0.05; I = 85%). A significant but weak relationship was found between telomere length and frailty index analyzing 8244 individuals (SMD -0.06; 95% IC -0.10 to 0.01; P = 0.01; I = 0%). The current available evidence suggests that telomere length may be not a meaningful biomarker for frailty. Because the potential influence of ethnicity in shortening of telomeres and decline in physiologic reserves associated with aging, additional multiethnic studies are needed.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Biomarkers; Female; Frail Elderly; Frailty; Humans; Male; Telomere Shortening
PubMed: 31170457
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100914 -
Ageing Research Reviews Mar 2013To provide a systematic review of the relationship between age and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in adults. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To provide a systematic review of the relationship between age and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in adults.
METHODS
Relevant studies were identified by a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE and ISI Web of Knowledge databases. Key data, such as age and LTL, were extracted from the studies along with correlation coefficients and yearly attrition rates where available. Obtained data were used to calculate weighted means and correlation coefficients.
RESULTS
Overall, 124 cross-sectional studies and 5 longitudinal studies were identified. A statistically significant inverse correlation between mean age and mean LTL across cross-sectional studies was observed for both absolute (r=-0.338, p<0.0001) and relative LTL (r=-0.295, p=0.0088). From mean LTL and ages, a yearly telomere loss of 24.7 base pairs (BP)/year was estimated by weighted linear regression. Weighted means of within study correlation of age and TL and yearly telomere loss rate estimates from cross-sectional studies were also in a similar order of magnitude (-0.380 and 21.91 BP/year). The few longitudinal studies reported somewhat higher mean telomere loss rates (between 32.2 and 45.5 BP/year).
CONCLUSION
While a decrease of LTL with age is out of question, data on variation of the decrease according to sex, age and other potential determinants especially from longitudinal data are still sparse.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Leukocytes; Linear Models; Longitudinal Studies; Middle Aged; Telomere Homeostasis; Telomere Shortening
PubMed: 23333817
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.01.003 -
Anesthesiology Aug 2015Advanced age is associated with an increased susceptibility and mortality of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. This may be due to the progressive changes in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Advanced age is associated with an increased susceptibility and mortality of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. This may be due to the progressive changes in innate immune responses and intrinsic properties of the lung that occur during the process of aging. Therefore, this study assesses the association between maturation and aging and pulmonary responses to injury in animal models of lung injury.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE (up to June 2014) and in the references of relevant articles to identify the studies using in vivo models of lung injury caused by an acute pulmonary insult, in which at least two age groups were compared. Because methodological diversity precluded combining these studies in a quantitative meta-analysis, data are presented based on the qualitative comparison with the adult group.
RESULTS
Of the 2,840 identified studies, 51 were included in this review. Most studies showed that, in response to a pulmonary insult, increasing age is associated with more pulmonary inflammation, edema, alveolar damage, and higher mortality. In addition, results indicate the existence of age-dependent changes in key components of the intracellular signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response.
CONCLUSIONS
Increasing age seems to be correlated with exaggerated pulmonary responses to injury, ultimately leading to more severe lung injury. Pulmonary inflammation seems relatively suppressed in infants/juveniles, whereas in the middle aged/elderly, the inflammatory response seems delayed but aggravated. This implies that investigators and clinicians need to use caution about extrapolating results from adolescent or youngadult animals to pediatric or elderly patients in clinical practice.
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Lung; Lung Injury
PubMed: 25919403
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000687 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Sep 2016The physiological impairments most strongly associated with functional performance in older people are logically the most efficient therapeutic targets for exercise... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The physiological impairments most strongly associated with functional performance in older people are logically the most efficient therapeutic targets for exercise training interventions aimed at improving function and maintaining independence in later life.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this review were to (1) systematically review the relationship between muscle power and functional performance in older people; (2) systematically review the effect of power training (PT) interventions on functional performance in older people; and (3) identify components of successful PT interventions relevant to pragmatic trials by scoping the literature.
METHODS
Our approach involved three stages. First, we systematically reviewed evidence on the relationship between muscle power, muscle strength and functional performance and, second, we systematically reviewed PT intervention studies that included both muscle power and at least one index of functional performance as outcome measures. Finally, taking a strong pragmatic perspective, we conducted a scoping review of the PT evidence to identify the successful components of training interventions needed to provide a minimally effective training dose to improve physical function.
RESULTS
Evidence from 44 studies revealed a positive association between muscle power and indices of physical function, and that muscle power is a marginally superior predictor of functional performance than muscle strength. Nine studies revealed maximal angular velocity of movement, an important component of muscle power, to be positively associated with functional performance and a better predictor of functional performance than muscle strength. We identified 31 PT studies, characterised by small sample sizes and incomplete reporting of interventions, resulting in less than one-in-five studies judged as having a low risk of bias. Thirteen studies compared traditional resistance training with PT, with ten studies reporting the superiority of PT for either muscle power or functional performance. Further studies demonstrated the efficacy of various methods of resistance and functional task PT on muscle power and functional performance, including low-load PT and low-volume interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
Maximal intended movement velocity, low training load, simple training methods, low-volume training and low-frequency training were revealed as components offering potential for the development of a pragmatic intervention. Additionally, the research area is dominated by short-term interventions producing short-term gains with little consideration of the long-term maintenance of functional performance. We believe the area would benefit from larger and higher-quality studies and consideration of optimal long-term strategies to develop and maintain muscle power and physical function over years rather than weeks.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Humans; Muscle Strength; Resistance Training
PubMed: 26893098
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0489-x -
Ageing Research Reviews Jul 2021Aging affects the serum levels of various metabolites which may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. The aim of this review article is to summarize the...
BACKGROUND
Aging affects the serum levels of various metabolites which may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. The aim of this review article is to summarize the relationship between aging and alterations in the plasma phospholipids and sphingomyelins.
METHODS
PRISMA guidelines were employed during all steps. MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Embase and Web of Sciences databases and Google Scholar were searched up to October 2020. Cohort studies investigating the relationship between aging and within-person changes in sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidyl choline (PC), lyso PC (LPC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) were included. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of included studies.
RESULTS
A total of 1425 studies were identified. After removing 610 duplicates and 723 irrelevant studies, full texts of 92 articles were evaluated. Of these 92, 6 studies (including data from 7 independent cohorts) met the inclusion criteria and are included in this review. All study populations were healthy and included both men and women. Results by sex were reported in 3 cohorts for PC, 5 cohorts for LPC, 3 cohorts for SM, and only 1 cohort for PE. In men, PC, SM, PE and LPC decreased with aging, although results for LPC were inconsistent. In women, LPC, SM, and PE increased age, whereas changes in PC were inconsistent.
CONCLUSION
Within-person serum levels of phospholipids and sphingomyelins, decrease during aging in men and increase in women. Notably, however, there were some inconsistencies across studies of LPC in men and of PC in women.
Topics: Aging; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids; Sphingomyelins
PubMed: 33839333
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101340