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BMJ Clinical Evidence Apr 2011Genital herpes is an infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2), and is among the most common sexually transmitted diseases. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Genital herpes is an infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2), and is among the most common sexually transmitted diseases.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of interventions to prevent sexual transmission of herpes simplex virus? What are the effects of interventions to prevent transmission of herpes simplex virus from mother to neonate? What are the effects of antiviral treatment in people with a first episode of genital herpes? What are the effects of interventions to reduce the impact of recurrence? What are the effects of treatments in people with genital herpes and HIV? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to January 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 35 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antivirals, caesarean delivery, condoms, oral aciclovir, psychotherapy, recombinant glycoprotein vaccines, serological screening, and counselling.
Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Condoms; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Humans
PubMed: 21496359
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Oct 2023Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant public health concern, affecting more than 6 million Americans; and currently, there are no cure or effective treatment...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant public health concern, affecting more than 6 million Americans; and currently, there are no cure or effective treatment options. The underlying etiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood, presenting a barrier to therapy. A substantial amount of data exists associating infection with Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and AD. This review of published studies highlights the epidemiological associations between HSV-1 and AD. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted on January 6, 2022, using PRISMA guidelines. Articles that presented epidemiological data correlating HSV-1 with AD were included. Bibliographies were screened for additional relevant articles as well. After review, 21 studies were included: 2 review articles and 19 population-based studies including case control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies. The quantitative data derived from the studies in this report substantiate a relationship between infection with HSV-1 and AD. Based on these results, it may be of reasonable benefit to more consistently treat latent or active HSV-1 infection with anti-viral medications to potentially reduce the risk of AD. Furthermore, a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial could elucidate the benefit of anti-viral therapy to prevent or limit AD.J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(10):1046-1052 doi:10.36849/JDD.6785.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Herpes Simplex; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Antiviral Agents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37801540
DOI: 10.36849/JDD.6785 -
Journal of Neurovirology Aug 2023Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection may cause vascular inflammatory changes leading to an increased risk of stroke. Previous studies have focused on the risk of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection may cause vascular inflammatory changes leading to an increased risk of stroke. Previous studies have focused on the risk of stroke and less on changes in stroke risk and prognosis. We aimed to explore the changing patterns of stroke risk and stroke prognosis after VZV infection. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies on stroke after VZV infection between January 1, 2000, and October 5, 2022. Relative risks were combined for the same study subgroups using a fixed-effects model and pooled across studies using a random-effects model. 27 studies met the requirements, including 17 herpes zoster (HZ) studies and ten chickenpox studies. There was an increased risk of stroke after HZ, and this risk decreased over time: relative risk 1.80 (95% CI 1.42-2.29) within 14 days, 1.61 (95% CI 1.43-1.81) within 30 days, 1.45 (95% CI 1.33-1.58) within 90 days, 1.32 (95% CI 1.25-1.39) within 180 days, 1.27 (95% CI 1.15-1.40) at one year and 1.19 (95% CI 0.90-1.59) after one year, with the same trend in the stroke subtype. The risk of stroke after herpes zoster ophthalmicus was higher, with a maximum relative risk of 2.26 (95% CI 1.35-3.78). The risk of stroke after HZ was higher in patients aged around 40 years: relative risk 2.53 (95% CI 1.59-4.02), and similar in men and women. Also, after pooling studies of post-chickenpox stroke, we found that the middle cerebral artery and its branches were most frequently involved (78.2%), with a better prognosis in most patients (83.1%) and less frequent vascular persistence progression (8.9%). In conclusion, the risk of stroke increases after VZV infection, decreasing over time. Post-infection vascular inflammatory changes often occur in the middle cerebral artery and its branches, with a better prognosis in most patients and less frequent persistent progression.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Aged; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Chickenpox; Herpes Zoster; Stroke; Risk; Inflammation
PubMed: 37219811
DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01144-0 -
Journal of Medical Virology May 2024To inform surveillance, prevention, and management strategies for the varicella zoster virus (VZV) during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to evaluate the risk of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
To inform surveillance, prevention, and management strategies for the varicella zoster virus (VZV) during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to evaluate the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) occurrence/recurrence following COVID-19 infection and vaccination. A comprehensive search across seven databases was conducted up to January 31, 2024, to identify studies relevant to the occurrence of HZ following COVID-19 infection and vaccination. The meta-analysis included five studies on postinfection HZ and 13 studies on postvaccination HZ. Patients infected with COVID-19 had a 2.16-fold increased risk of HZ (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24-3.76) than uninfected individuals. However, there was no significant association between COVID-19 vaccination and the risk of HZ compared to controls, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.08 (95% CI: 0.84-1.39). Furthermore, a descriptive analysis of 74 postinfection and 153 postvaccination HZ studies found no significant differences on gender or age (<50 and ≥50 years) following COVID-19 infection. Notably, 44.0% of the HZ cases postinfection appeared within the first week, with 69.5% resolving within 10 days, predominantly presenting as skin lesions. In the postvaccination group, the majority (60.1%) developed HZ after the first dose and 66.7% occurred within 1 week. Moreover, 44.6% resolved within 10 days and 50.0% within a month, primarily exhibiting skin lesions and postherpetic neuralgia. The study found that COVID-19 infection increases the risk of HZ, but the COVID-19 vaccine does not. Further study is needed to explore the association between COVID-19 and HZ.
Topics: Humans; Herpes Zoster; COVID-19; Vaccination; Recurrence; COVID-19 Vaccines; SARS-CoV-2; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Middle Aged; Female
PubMed: 38682607
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29629 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Oct 2010Although there is some variability (depending on the definition of postherpetic neuralgia), about 10% of those with zoster will have persisting pain 1 month after the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Although there is some variability (depending on the definition of postherpetic neuralgia), about 10% of those with zoster will have persisting pain 1 month after the rash.The main risk factor for postherpetic neuralgia is increasing age; it is uncommon in people aged <50 years, but develops in 20% of people aged 60 to 65 years who have had acute herpes zoster, and in >30% of those people aged >80 years. Up to 2% of people with acute herpes zoster may continue to have postherpetic pain for 5 years or more.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of interventions aimed at preventing herpes zoster and subsequent postherpetic neuralgia? What are the effects of interventions during an acute attack of herpes zoster aimed at preventing postherpetic neuralgia? What are the effects of interventions to relieve established postherpetic neuralgia after the rash has healed? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to December 2009 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 41 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: corticosteroids, capsaicin, dextromethorphan, dressings, gabapentin, herpes zoster vaccine, oral antiviral agents, oral opioid analgesics, lidocaine, topical antiviral agents (idoxuridine), and tricyclic antidepressants.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Herpes Zoster; Herpes Zoster Vaccine; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Humans; Neuralgia, Postherpetic
PubMed: 21418680
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Oct 2020The primary reported risk factors for herpes zoster (HZ) include increasing age and immunodeficiency, yet estimates of HZ risk by immunocompromising condition have not...
BACKGROUND
The primary reported risk factors for herpes zoster (HZ) include increasing age and immunodeficiency, yet estimates of HZ risk by immunocompromising condition have not been well characterized. We undertook a systematic literature review to estimate the HZ risk in immunocompromised patients.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed studies that examined the risk of HZ and associated complications in adult patients with hematopoietic cell transplants (HCT), cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and solid organ transplant (SOT). We identified studies in PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, and clinicaltrials.gov that presented original data from the United States and were published after 1992. We assessed the risk of bias with Cochrane or Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methods.
RESULTS
We identified and screened 3765 records and synthesized 34 studies with low or moderate risks of bias. Most studies that were included (32/34) reported at least 1 estimate of the HZ cumulative incidence (range, 0-41%). There were 12 studies that reported HZ incidences that varied widely within and between immunocompromised populations. Incidence estimates ranged from 9 to 92 HZ cases/1000 patient-years and were highest in HCT, followed by hematologic malignancies, SOT, and solid tumor malignancies, and were lowest in people living with HIV. Among 17 HCT studies, the absence of or use of antiviral prophylaxis at <1 year post-transplant was associated with a higher HZ incidence.
CONCLUSIONS
HZ was common among all immunocompromised populations studied, exceeding the expected HZ incidence among immunocompetent adults aged ≥60 years. Better evidence of the incidence of HZ complications and their severity in immunocompromised populations is needed to inform economic and HZ vaccine policies.
Topics: Adult; Herpes Zoster; Herpes Zoster Vaccine; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Incidence; Middle Aged; Neuralgia, Postherpetic; United States
PubMed: 31677266
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1090 -
Reviews in Medical Virology Jan 2024Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the immune-mediated demyelinating disorders. Multiple components, including the environment and genetics, are possible factors in the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the immune-mediated demyelinating disorders. Multiple components, including the environment and genetics, are possible factors in the pathogenesis of MS. Also, it can be said that infections are a key component of the host's response to MS development. Finally, we evaluated the relationship between different pathogens and MS disease in this umbrella research. We systematically collected and analysed multiple meta-analyses focused on one particular topic. We utilised the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases starting with inception until 30 May 2023. The methodological quality of the analysed meta-analysis has been determined based on Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 and Grade, and graph construction and statistical analysis were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. The Confidence Interval of effect size was 95% in meta-analyses, and p < 0.05 indicated a statistically meaningful relationship. The included studies evaluated the association between MS and 12 viruses containing SARS-CoV-2, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis B virus, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), HHV-7, HHV-8, HSV-1, HSV-2, Cytomegalovirus, Human Papillomavirus, and influenza. SARS-CoV-2, with a 3.74 odds ratio, has a significantly more potent negative effect on MS among viral infections. After that, EBV, HHV-6, HSV-2, and VZV, respectively, with 3.33, 2.81, 1.76, and 1.72 odds ratios, had a significantly negative relationship with MS (p < 0.05). Although the theoretical evidence mostly indicates that EBV has the greatest effect on MS, recent epidemiological studies have challenged this conclusion and put forward possibilities that SARS-CoV-2 is the culprit. Hence, it was necessary to investigate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 and EBV on MS.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Viruses; Herpesvirus 3, Human
PubMed: 38010852
DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2494 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Dec 2022Rapid and accurate diagnosis of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and -2 (HSV1/2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is important for patient management. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Rapid and accurate diagnosis of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and -2 (HSV1/2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is important for patient management.
OBJECTIVES
Summarize the diagnostic accuracy of commercial rapid sample-to-answer PCR assays (results in <90 minutes, without a separate nucleic acid extraction step) for HSV1/2 detection in CSF.
DATA SOURCES
Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and CENTRAL) and five conference abstract datasets from January 2012 to March 2022.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Eligible diagnostic accuracy studies provided sufficient data for the construction of a standard diagnostic accuracy two-by-two table.
PARTICIPANTS
Patients with suspected meningitis and/or encephalitis.
TESTS
FilmArray Meningitis-Encephalitis Panel and Simplexa HSV 1&2 Direct Kit PCR.
REFERENCE STANDARD
Real-time PCR assay.
ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF BIAS
Two investigators independently extracted data, rated risk of bias, and assessed quality using QUADAS-2. METHODS OF DATA SYNTHESIS: Accuracy estimates were pooled using Bayesian random effects models.
RESULTS
Thirty-one studies were included (27 FilmArray; 4 Simplexa), comprising 9924 samples, with 95 HSV-1 and 247 HSV-2 infections. Pooled FilmArray sensitivities were 84.3% (95% credible interval, 72.3-93.0) and 92.9% (95% credible interval (CrI), 82.0-98.5) for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively; specificities were 99.8% (95% CrI, 99.6-99.9) and 99.9% (95% CrI, 99.9-100). Pooled Simplexa sensitivities were 97.1% (95% CrI, 88.1-99.6) and 97.9% (95% CrI, 89.6-99.9), respectively; specificities were 98.9% (95% CrI, 96.8-99.7) and 98.9% (95% CrI, 97.1-99.7). Pooled FilmArray sensitivities favoured industry-sponsored studies by 10.0 and 13.0 percentage points for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively. Incomplete reporting frequently led to unclear risk of bias. Several FilmArray studies did not fully report true negative data leading to their exclusion.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest Simplexa is accurate for HSV1/2 detection in CSF. Moderate FilmArray sensitivity for HSV-1 suggests additional testing and/or repeat CSF sampling is required for suspected HSV encephalitis when the HSV-1 result is negative. Low prevalence of HSV-1 infections limited summary estimates' precision. Underreporting of covariates limited exploration of heterogeneity.
Topics: Humans; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Bayes Theorem; Sensitivity and Specificity; Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Meningitis; Cerebrospinal Fluid
PubMed: 35718347
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.06.004 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Aug 2023
Meta-Analysis
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Herpes Zoster; Herpes Zoster Vaccine; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Vaccination
PubMed: 37001732
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.03.031 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Apr 2007Genital herpes is an infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2), and is among the most common sexually transmitted diseases. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Genital herpes is an infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2), and is among the most common sexually transmitted diseases.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of interventions to prevent sexual transmission of herpes simplex virus? What are the effects of interventions to prevent transmission of herpes simplex virus from mother to neonate? What are the effects of antiviral treatment in people with a first episode of genital herpes? What are the effects of interventions to reduce the impact of recurrence? What are the effects of treatments in people with genital herpes and HIV? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to August 2006 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 35 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antivirals, caesarean delivery, condoms, oral acyclovir, psychotherapy, recombinant glycoprotein vaccines, serological screening, and counselling.
Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Humans
PubMed: 19454063
DOI: No ID Found