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Reviews in Medical Virology Nov 2021Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been used as antiviral agents for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2)...
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been used as antiviral agents for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection. We performed a systematic review to examine whether prior clinical studies that compared the effects of CQ and HCQ to a control for the treatment of non-SARS-CoV2 infection supported the use of these agents in the present SARS-CoV2 outbreak. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science (PROSPERO CRD42020183429) were searched from inception through 2 April 2020 without language restrictions. Of 1766 retrieved reports, 18 studies met our inclusion criteria, including 17 prospective controlled studies and one retrospective study. CQ or HCQ were compared to control for the treatment of infectious mononucleosis (EBV, n = 4), warts (human papillomavirus, n = 2), chronic HIV infection (n = 6), acute chikungunya infection (n = 1), acute dengue virus infection (n = 2), chronic HCV (n = 2), and as preventive measures for influenza infection (n = 1). Survival was not evaluated in any study. For HIV, the virus that was most investigated, while two early studies suggested HCQ reduced viral levels, four subsequent ones did not, and in two of these CQ or HCQ increased viral levels and reduced CD4 counts. Overall, three studies concluded CQ or HCQ were effective; four concluded further research was needed to assess the treatments' effectiveness; and 11 concluded that treatment was ineffective or potentially harmful. Prior controlled clinical trials with CQ and HCQ for non-SARS-CoV2 viral infections do not support these agents' use for the SARS-CoV2 outbreak.
Topics: Alphapapillomavirus; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; Chikungunya Fever; Chikungunya virus; Chloroquine; Dengue Virus; HIV; HIV Infections; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Infectious Mononucleosis; SARS-CoV-2; Severe Dengue; Treatment Outcome; Warts; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 33694220
DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2228 -
European Journal of Clinical... May 2020The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliographic survey and correlates the presence of arboviroses in the eyeball with the main eye changes presented by the...
The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliographic survey and correlates the presence of arboviroses in the eyeball with the main eye changes presented by the population under study. This study is a systematic review of journals and indexed articles, carried out between January 2019 and June 2019, in which there was a query in the Pubmed/Medline and Scielo databases without temporal restriction. In addition to the aforementioned databases, the Brazilian Association of Organ Transplantation Association database, which provides epidemiological data on organ and tissue transplants in Brazil, was used as a research source. The Midwest region contributed to the increase in the number of organ transplants in Brazil. The number of corneal transplants in Brazil surpassed the number of organ transplants by four times. Several ophthalmic changes associated with Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika virus infections have been diagnosed; however, few studies have identified the presence of the virus in the eyeball. Arboviruses are of great relevance to public health due to a number of factors, ranging from the diversity of infectious agents involved and the plurality of clinical manifestations because the absence of efficient laboratory support, leading to delayed disease confirmation due to lack of differential diagnostics available. Added to these difficulties is the lack of specific therapy, leaving only the symptomatic control of clinical manifestations as the only treatment option. However, the manifestations are directly associated with the decreased quality of vision and consequently the quality of life of patients.
Topics: Aqueous Humor; Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; Brazil; Chikungunya virus; Corneal Transplantation; Dengue Virus; Eye; Humans; Public Health; Vitreous Body; Zika Virus
PubMed: 31863236
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03792-9