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Public Health Feb 2024To update an earlier review, published in 2016, on the health and other outcomes associated with children and young people's consumption of energy drinks (EDs). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To update an earlier review, published in 2016, on the health and other outcomes associated with children and young people's consumption of energy drinks (EDs).
STUDY DESIGN
Review article.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Systematic searches of nine databases (ASSIA, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, DARE, Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science) retrieved original articles reporting the effects of EDs experienced by children and young people up to the age of 21 years. Searches were restricted by publication dates (January 2016 to July 2022) and language (English). Studies assessed as being weak were excluded from the review. Included studies underwent narrative synthesis.
RESULTS
A total of 57 studies were included. Boys consumed EDs more than girls. Many studies reported a strong positive association between ED consumption and smoking, alcohol use, binge drinking, other substance use and the intentions to initiate these behaviours. Sensation-seeking and delinquent behaviours were positively associated with ED consumption, as were short sleep duration, poor sleep quality and low academic performance. Additional health effects noted in the updated review included increased risk of suicide, psychological distress, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, depressive and panic behaviours, allergic diseases, insulin resistance, dental caries and erosive tooth wear.
CONCLUSIONS
This review adds to the growing evidence that ED consumption by children and young people is associated with numerous adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Where feasible and ethical, additional longitudinal studies are required to ascertain causality. The precautionary principle should be considered in regulatory policy and restriction of ED sales to this population.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION
CRD42021255484.
Topics: Child; Male; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Energy Drinks; Dental Caries; Alcohol Drinking; Substance-Related Disorders; Smoking
PubMed: 38228408
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.024 -
General Hospital Psychiatry 2023This meta-analysis aimed at estimating the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) at different postpartum timepoints in women with antenatal depression (AD) in the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Antenatal depression across trimesters as a risk for postpartum depression and estimation of the fraction of postpartum depression attributable to antenatal depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
OBJECTIVE
This meta-analysis aimed at estimating the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) at different postpartum timepoints in women with antenatal depression (AD) in the three trimesters. We also examined the association between AD and PPD, and estimated the population attributable fraction of PPD to AD.
METHODS
This systematic review and meta-analysis identified cohort studies that determined the prevalence of PPD in women who had AD, and those that examined the association between AD and PPD from PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Articles were appraised using the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale and data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.
RESULTS
Eighty-eight (88) cohort studies with a combined sample size of 1,042,448 perinatal women contributed to the meta-analysis. About 37% pregnant women who had AD, later had PPD. Those with AD had four times higher odds of developing PPD (OR: 4.58; 95% CI = 3.52-5.96). The odds of having PPD were higher when AD was observed in the first or third trimester compared to the second trimester. About 12.8% of PPD cases were attributable to AD.
CONCLUSION
The findings should inform future clinical guidelines on the screening, the frequency of screening, and follow-up care in maternal-mental health.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Cohort Studies; Mental Health; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37742599
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.09.005 -
Addiction Science & Clinical Practice Feb 2015University students have high levels of tobacco and other drug use, yet they are unlikely to seek traditional care. Technology-based interventions are highly relevant to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
University students have high levels of tobacco and other drug use, yet they are unlikely to seek traditional care. Technology-based interventions are highly relevant to this population. This paper comprises a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized trials of technology-based interventions evaluated in a tertiary (university/college) setting for tobacco and other drug use (excluding alcohol). It extends previous reviews by using a broad definition of technology.
METHODS
PubMed, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane databases were searched using keywords, phrases, and MeSH terms. Retrieved abstracts (n = 627) were double screened and coded. Included studies met the following criteria: (1) the study was a randomized trial or a randomized controlled trial (RCT); (2) the sample was composed of students attending a tertiary (e.g., university, college) institution; (3) the intervention was either delivered by or accessed using a technological device or process (e.g., computer/internet, telephone, mobile short message services [SMS]); (4) the age range or mean of the sample was between 18 and 25 years; and (5) the intervention was designed to alter a drug use outcome relating to tobacco or other drugs (excluding alcohol).
RESULTS
A total of 12 papers met inclusion criteria for the current review. The majority of included papers examined tobacco use (n = 9; 75%), two studies targeted marijuana use (17%); and one targeted stress, marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco use. A quantitative meta-analysis was conducted on the tobacco use studies using an abstinence outcome measure (n = 6), demonstrating that the interventions increased the rate of abstinence by 1.5 times that of controls (Risk Ratio [RR] = 1.54; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.20-1.98). Across all 12 studies, a total of 20 technology-based interventions were reviewed. A range of technology was employed in the interventions, including stand-alone computer programs (n = 10), internet (n = 5), telephone (n = 3), and mobile SMS (n = 2).
CONCLUSIONS
Although technological interventions have the potential to reduce drug use in tertiary students, very few trials have been conducted, particularly for substances other than tobacco. However, the improvement shown in abstinence from tobacco use has the potential to impact substantially on morbidity and mortality.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cell Phone; Humans; Internet; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Students; Substance-Related Disorders; Text Messaging; Tobacco Use Disorder; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 25928221
DOI: 10.1186/s13722-015-0027-4 -
Current Urology Reports Aug 2018Intravesical antibiotics (IVA) has been used for prophylaxis and treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). However, there is a lack of comprehensive... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Intravesical antibiotics (IVA) has been used for prophylaxis and treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). However, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence and consensus on its use. We conducted a systematic review to collect all available data about the effectiveness of IVA in prevention and treatment of rUTIs and to give an overview on the outcomes to date.
METHODS
A systematic review was carried out for all English language articles from inception to August 2017, according to the Cochrane and PRISMA standards using MEDLINE, Scopus, Biomed Central, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science with references cross-checked and individual urology journals hand-searched.
RESULTS
After an initial identification of 658 studies, we screened 37 abstracts and 18 full-text papers of which 11 were included in our final review. This included 285 patients with a mean age of 52 years and a female:male ratio of 129:117. The IVA used was gentamicin, neomycin/polymyxin, neomycin or colistin and IVA was used for rUTIs as prophylaxis in 5 studies (n = 168) and treatment in 6 studies (n = 117). Overall, a good reduction in symptomatic UTI was seen in 78%, with a short-term success rate and discontinuation rates of 71% (120/168) and 8% (14/168) in the prophylaxis group and 88% (103/117) and 5% (6/117) in the treatment groups respectively. There was a change in the sensitivity of organisms in 30% (50/168) and 23% (27/117) in the treatment and prophylaxis groups respectively. Twenty patients discontinued their IVA instillations which were higher for the non-gentamicin group (11%) compared to the gentamicin group (5%). The side effects were minor and included allergy, suprapubic discomfort, autonomic dysreflexia, urinary tract infections and diarrhoea. Intravesical antimicrobial instillation seems to be a relatively safe and effective method for the prophylaxis and treatment of recurrent UTIs, especially in the short term. It gives clinicians an alternative treatment modality in high-risk patients predisposed to UTIs where all other forms of systemic treatments have failed.
Topics: Administration, Intravesical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Secondary Prevention; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 30094687
DOI: 10.1007/s11934-018-0834-8 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2018Physical activity and diet are major modifiable risk factors for chronic disease and have been shown to be associated with neighborhood built environment. Systematic... (Review)
Review
Physical activity and diet are major modifiable risk factors for chronic disease and have been shown to be associated with neighborhood built environment. Systematic review evidence from longitudinal studies on the impact of changing the built environment on physical activity and diet is currently lacking. A systematic review of natural experiments of neighborhood built environment was conducted. The aims of this systematic review were to summarize study characteristics, study quality, and impact of changes in neighborhood built environment on physical activity and diet outcomes among residents. Natural experiments of neighborhood built environment change, exploring longitudinal impacts on physical activity and/or diet in residents, were included. From five electronic databases, 2084 references were identified. A narrative synthesis was conducted, considering results in relation to study quality. Nineteen papers, reporting on 15 different exposures met inclusion criteria. Four studies included a comparison group and 11 were pre-post/longitudinal studies without a comparison group. Studies reported on the impact of redeveloping or introducing cycle and/or walking trails ( = 5), rail stops/lines ( = 4), supermarkets and farmers' markets ( = 4) and park and green space ( = 2). Eight/15 studies reported at least one beneficial change in physical activity, diet or another associated health outcome. Due to limitations in study design and reporting, as well as the wide array of outcome measures reported, drawing conclusions to inform policy was challenging. Future research should consider a consistent approach to measure the same outcomes (e.g., using measurement methods that collect comparable physical activity and diet outcome data), to allow for pooled analyses. Additionally, including comparison groups wherever possible and ensuring high quality reporting is essential.
Topics: Diet; Environment Design; Exercise; Health Behavior; Health Risk Behaviors; Healthy Lifestyle; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Residence Characteristics
PubMed: 29373567
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020217 -
Midwifery Aug 2023The widespread availability of reproductive technology and family planning services has led to an increase in the number of available pathways to parenthood for LGBTIQA+...
Experiences in the delivery of preconception and pregnancy care for LGBTIQA+ people: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of patient and healthcare provider perspectives.
BACKGROUND
The widespread availability of reproductive technology and family planning services has led to an increase in the number of available pathways to parenthood for LGBTIQA+ people. However, emerging research indicates that significant healthcare inequities have been documented among LGBTIQA+ people and attributed to the pervasiveness of structural and systemic discrimination that extends to preconception and pregnancy care.
AIM
The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise qualitative research that has explored the experiences of LGBTIQA+ people in navigating preconception and pregnancy care services to inform healthcare quality improvement.
METHOD
Six databases were searched for relevant research published between 2012 and 2023. The findings of all included studies underwent a secondary thematic synthesis, and methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Qualitative Research.
FINDINGS
A total of 37 studies were eligible for inclusion. Four major themes were constructed through thematic synthesis: (1) unavailability of information, services, and support; (2) clinical competencies of healthcare staff; (3) hetero- and cis-sexist care experiences; and (4) discrimination and traumatisation.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
The findings of this review indicate that LGBTIQA+ people experience significant challenges during the journey towards parenthood, marked predominantly by the pervasiveness of inequity, and defined by discriminatory healthcare processes. This review has led to several recommendations for future healthcare quality improvement through an investment in policies, procedures, and interactions that are sensitive to the needs of LGBTIQA+ people. Importantly, future research must be co-designed and led by LGBTIQA+ community input.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Delivery of Health Care; Prenatal Care; Qualitative Research; Clinical Competence; Health Personnel
PubMed: 37178659
DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103712 -
BMC Psychiatry Jul 2012Depression and anxiety are treatable disorders, yet many people do not seek professional help. Interventions designed to improve help-seeking attitudes and increase... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Depression and anxiety are treatable disorders, yet many people do not seek professional help. Interventions designed to improve help-seeking attitudes and increase help-seeking intentions and behaviour have been evaluated in recent times. However, there have been no systematic reviews of the efficacy or effectiveness of these interventions in promoting help-seeking. Therefore, this paper reports a systematic review of published randomised controlled trials targeting help-seeking attitudes, intentions or behaviours for depression, anxiety, and general psychological distress.
METHODS
Studies were identified through searches of PubMed, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane database in November 2011. Studies were included if they included a randomised controlled trial of at least one intervention targeting help-seeking for depression or anxiety or general psychological distress, and contained extractable data on help-seeking attitudes or intentions or behaviour. Studies were excluded if they focused on problems or conditions other than the target (e.g., substance use, eating disorder).
RESULTS
Six published studies of randomised controlled trials investigating eight different interventions for help-seeking were identified. The majority of trials targeted young adults. Mental health literacy content was effective (d = .12 to .53) in improving help-seeking attitudes in the majority of studies at post-intervention, but had no effect on help-seeking behaviour (d = -.01, .02). There was less evidence for other intervention types such as efforts to destigmatise or provide help-seeking source information.
CONCLUSIONS
Mental health literacy interventions are a promising method for promoting positive help-seeking attitudes, but there is no evidence that it leads to help-seeking behaviour. Further research investigating the effects of interventions on attitudes, intentions, and behaviour is required.
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Health Literacy; Humans; Mental Health; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Psychotherapy; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 22799879
DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-12-81 -
Current Diabetes Reviews 2024Prediabetes is a reversible condition before the onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Untreated condition of prediabetes will develop into diabetes and its complications....
BACKGROUND
Prediabetes is a reversible condition before the onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Untreated condition of prediabetes will develop into diabetes and its complications. The prevalence of prediabetes has been emerging worldwide and has a considerable socioeconomic impact. The current study reviews the roles of early detection, educational models, life modification, and prophylaxis of individuals with prediabetes in preventing the progression of prediabetes into Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and complications in the future.
METHODS
This study included published articles from several electronic databases. The obtained articles were limited to March 2023. Articles that were not open access and not in Indonesian or English were excluded. The protocol for this study used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020.
RESULTS
Of 39627 articles, 39601 were excluded due to duplication and did not meet the eligibility criteria. At the final, there were 26 articles that were eligible for systematic review.
CONCLUSION
Prevention of the development of prediabetes into diabetes is essential. A comprehensive understanding and training on intensive lifestyle modification protocols from local and national experts in diabetes prevention through digital-based education models and linguistically and culturally approach can be considered. Intensive lifestyle modification and pharmacological approaches may improve the outcome. Regular monitoring of glycemic control is also important for early diagnosis of diabetes, especially in patients with special conditions.
Topics: Humans; Prediabetic State; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Patient Education as Topic; Models, Educational; Early Diagnosis; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37818560
DOI: 10.2174/0115733998275518231006074504 -
Current Urology Reports Oct 2017The incidence of urinary stone disease among the paediatric population is increasing. Whilst there has been a rise in the number of original studies published on... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The incidence of urinary stone disease among the paediatric population is increasing. Whilst there has been a rise in the number of original studies published on ureteroscopy (URS) in children, critical review still remains under-reported.
RECENT FINDINGS
A Cochrane style systematic review was performed to identify all original articles on URS (minimum of 25 cases) for stone disease in paediatric patients between Jan. 1996 and Dec. 2016. Based on the number of reported cases, centres were divided into medium (25-49 cases) and high (≥ 50 cases) volume studies. Thirty-four studies (2758 children) satisfied our search criteria and were included in this review. The mean stone size was 8.6 mm with an overall stone-free rate (SFR) of 90.4% (range 58-100). Medium-volume centres reported a mean SFR of 94.1% (range 87.5-100), whilst high-volume centres reported a mean SFR of 88.1% (range 58-98.5). Mean number of sessions to achieve stone-free status in medium-volume and high-volume groups was 1.1 and 1.2 procedures/patient respectively. The overall complication rate was 11.1% (327/2994). Breakdown by Clavien grade was as follows: Clavien I 69% and Clavien II/III 31%. There were no Clavien IV/V complications, and no mortality was recorded across any of the studies. The overall failure to access rate was 2.5% (76/2944). Medium-volume and high-volume studies had overall complication rates of 6.9% (37/530) and 12.1% (287/2222) respectively, but there was no significant difference in major or minor complications between these two groups. Ureteroscopy is a safe and effective treatment for paediatric stone disease. Medium-volume centres can achieve equally high SFRs and safety profiles as high-volume centres. Despite the rarity of paediatric stone disease, our findings might increase the uptake of paediatric URS procedures.
Topics: Child; Humans; Ureteroscopy; Urinary Calculi
PubMed: 29046982
DOI: 10.1007/s11934-017-0742-3 -
Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism Feb 2021The most efficacious strategy to manage pregnant patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) refractory to conventional heparin/low-dose aspirin treatment or at high... (Review)
Review
The efficacy and safety of second-line treatments of refractory and/or high risk pregnant antiphospholipid syndrome patients. A systematic literature review analyzing 313 pregnancies.
OBJECTIVE
The most efficacious strategy to manage pregnant patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) refractory to conventional heparin/low-dose aspirin treatment or at high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been determined with any degree of certainty. The study set out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the second-line treatments most frequently used in addition to conventional therapy, and the data were analyzed to identify which is/are associated to the best pregnancy outcomes.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature on studies concerning second-line treatments for refractory and/or high risk pregnant APS women published between February 2006 and February 2020 was conducted. The records were retrieved by searching Medline via Pubmed, the Web of Science platform, the Cochrane library database and clinicaltrials.gov.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria of the review: six retrospective cohort studies, one case-control, one case-series and six case reports. The results of single treatment protocols based upon hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), low-dose steroids (LDS), intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), plasma exchange (PE) or pravastatin and of combination protocols based upon HCQ+LDS, IVIG+LDS, PE+LDS and PE+IVIG used during 313 pregnancies in 303 APS women were analyzed and compared. The second-line treatments produced 261/313 (83.4%) live births; severe pregnancy complications were registered in 75/313 (24%) pregnancies. Drug side-effects were observed in 3/313 (0.9%) pregnancies. Statistical analysis identified a significantly higher live birth rate and/or a significantly lower number of severe complications in the pregnancies treated with IVIG, HCQ, pravastatin, PE+IVIG and PE+LDS.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest using low-dose IVIG (< 2 g/Kg/month) or HCQ 400 mg/day starting before pregnancy in women with APS refractory to conventional therapy, while high-dose IVIG (2 g/Kg/month) associated with PE or alone in those with high risk±refractory APS.
Topics: Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Aspirin; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33360227
DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.10.001