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Allergologia Et Immunopathologia 2016Evidence suggests that possible imbalances in intestinal microbiota composition may be implicated in the occurrence of allergic diseases. Although several studies... (Review)
Review
Evidence suggests that possible imbalances in intestinal microbiota composition may be implicated in the occurrence of allergic diseases. Although several studies published until 2006 indicated a correlation between microbiota composition and allergic symptoms, it has not been possible to distinguish protective microorganisms from those associated with increased risk of allergic diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the studies published since 2007 that address the intestinal microbiota in allergic diseases. Twenty-one studies were identified after excluding those that performed a clinical intervention before stool collection. In the early microbiota of children who later developed allergies, lower bacterial diversity was observed, with a predominance of Firmicutes; a higher count of Bacteroidaceae; a higher prevalence of the anaerobic bacteria Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium longum; and a lower prevalence of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. bifidum, and Lactobacillus. In the microbiota of allergic children whose intestinal microbiota was assessed at the onset of allergic symptoms, there was a higher count of Bacteroides; a lower count of Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Clostridium; a higher prevalence of B. adolescentis; a lower prevalence of B. catenulatum and Staphylococcus aureus; and a lower bacterial diversity.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroidaceae; Biodiversity; Child; Firmicutes; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Intestines; Probiotics
PubMed: 25985709
DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.01.013 -
Journal of Strength and Conditioning... Dec 2010Body cooling has become common in athletics, with numerous studies looking at different cooling modalities and different types of exercise. A search of the literature... (Review)
Review
Body cooling has become common in athletics, with numerous studies looking at different cooling modalities and different types of exercise. A search of the literature revealed 14 studies that measured performance following cooling intervention and had acceptable protocols for exercise and performance measures. These studies were objectively analyzed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and 13 of the studies were included in this review. These studies revealed that body cooling by various modalities had consistent and greater impact on aerobic exercise performance (mean increase in performance = 4.25%) compared to anaerobic (mean increase in performance = 0.66%). Different cooling modalities, and cooling during different points during an exercise protocol, had extremely varied results. In conclusion, body cooling seems to have a positive effect on aerobic performance, although the impact on anaerobic performance may vary and often does not provide the same positive effect.
Topics: Anaerobic Threshold; Athletic Performance; Body Temperature Regulation; Cryotherapy; Evidence-Based Practice; Exercise; Humans; Physical Exertion
PubMed: 21088554
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181fb3e15 -
Journal of Strength and Conditioning... Oct 2021Chiarlitti, NA, Crozier, M, Insogna, JA, Reid, RER, and Delisle-Houde, P. Longitudinal physiological and fitness evaluations in elite ice hockey: A systematic review. J...
Chiarlitti, NA, Crozier, M, Insogna, JA, Reid, RER, and Delisle-Houde, P. Longitudinal physiological and fitness evaluations in elite ice hockey: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2963-2979, 2021-Ice hockey has greatly evolved since the last review article was published more than 25 years ago. Although players still combine anaerobic and aerobic conditioning, the pace of the game has greatly increased. Players are faster, stronger, and more agile than their predecessors; however, an important emphasis is now placed on maximizing player performance for the play-offs. For the coaching staff, strength and conditioning coaches, and players, an emphasis on mitigating fitness and physiologic losses throughout the season would be beneficial, given the intimate relationship they share with on-ice performance. This systematic review of the literature outlines the current knowledge concerning longitudinal changes in relation to fitness, body composition, and physiologic parameters across an elite hockey season. The search of 4 large scientific databases (i.e., Embase, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) yielded 4,049 items, which, after removing duplicates and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulted in 23 published scientific articles to be included in this review. The wide span of literature (1956-2020) made inferences difficult giving the degree to which the game of ice hockey has changed; however, more recent research points to an aerobic deconditioning pattern and increased fatigue throughout the season in a specific group of elite hockey players (i.e., university athletes) while showing that ice hockey can lead to many possible histological adaptations. Ultimately, tracking, identifying, and developing methods to mitigate potential negative longitudinal changes will be imperative to influencing individual and team performance in the later parts of the season.
Topics: Body Composition; Exercise; Exercise Test; Hockey; Humans; Physical Fitness
PubMed: 34387221
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004115 -
Relationships between External, Wearable Sensor-Based, and Internal Parameters: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023Micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are used to record training and match play of intermittent team sport athletes. Paired with estimates of internal responses or... (Review)
Review
Micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are used to record training and match play of intermittent team sport athletes. Paired with estimates of internal responses or adaptations to exercise, practitioners gain insight into players' dose-response relationship which facilitates the prescription of the training stimuli to optimize performance, prevent injuries, and to guide rehabilitation processes. A systematic review on the relationship between external, wearable-based, and internal parameters in team sport athletes, compliant with the PRISMA guidelines, was conducted. The literature research was performed from earliest record to 1 September 2020 using the databases PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and SportDISCUS. A total of 66 full-text articles were reviewed encompassing 1541 athletes. About 109 different relationships between variables have been reviewed. The most investigated relationship across sports was found between (session) rating of perceived exertion ((session-)RPE) and PlayerLoad™ (PL) with, predominantly, moderate to strong associations (r = 0.49-0.84). Relationships between internal parameters and highly dynamic, anaerobic movements were heterogenous. Relationships between average heart rate (HR), Edward's and Banister's training impulse (TRIMP) seem to be reflected in parameters of overall activity such as PL and TD for running-intensive team sports. PL may further be suitable to estimate the overall subjective perception. To identify high fine-structured loading-relative to a certain type of sport-more specific measures and devices are needed. Individualization of parameters could be helpful to enhance practicality.
Topics: Humans; Physical Exertion; Athletes; Running; Team Sports; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 36679623
DOI: 10.3390/s23020827 -
Anaerobe Feb 2022The current guidelines suggest that hospital rooms previously occupied with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) patients should be decontaminated with recommended... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The current guidelines suggest that hospital rooms previously occupied with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) patients should be decontaminated with recommended decontamination methods because C. difficile can persist on surfaces despite adherence to the recommended procedures. Recently, ultraviolet (UV) light and hydrogen peroxide have increasingly been used as innovative decontamination methods. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate which decontamination methods are effective in reducing environmental C. difficile contamination. We systematically searched the EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Ichushi until March 11, 2021. We evaluated the efficacy of decontamination methods in terms of the frequency of C. difficile contamination on high-touch surfaces in hospital rooms and the incidence of hospital-acquired C. difficile infection. Among the 15 studies retrieved in our meta-analysis, eight evaluated decontamination methods with the frequency of C. difficile detection among samples after disinfection procedures, and eight reported the number of hospital-acquired CDI cases. Pooled analysis indicated that hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced the frequency of environmental C. difficile contamination, compared with hypochlorite (odds ratios [OR]: 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07-0.23). Additionally, hydrogen peroxide reduced the incidence of hospital-acquired CDI compared to other methods (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28-0.96). Decontamination with UV significantly reduced the incidence of hospital-acquired CDI compared to hypochlorite (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.96). The use of hydrogen peroxide and UV can help prevent environmental C. difficile contamination and transmission in healthcare facilities.
Topics: Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infection; Decontamination; Hospitals; Humans
PubMed: 34808391
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102478 -
PloS One 2023Exercise capacity should be determined in all patients undergoing lung resection for lung cancer surgery and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) remains the gold... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The association between cardiopulmonary exercise testing and postoperative outcomes in patients with lung cancer undergoing lung resection surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Exercise capacity should be determined in all patients undergoing lung resection for lung cancer surgery and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) remains the gold standard. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between preoperative CPET and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing lung resection surgery for lung cancer through a review of the existing literature.
METHODS
A search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and CINAHL from inception until December 2022. Studies investigating associations between preoperative CPET and postoperative outcomes were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUIPS tool. A random effect model meta-analysis was performed. I2 > 40% indicated a high level of heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Thirty-seven studies were included with 6450 patients. Twenty-eight studies had low risk of bias. [Formula: see text] peak is the oxygen consumption at peak exercise and serves as a marker of cardiopulmonary fitness. Higher estimates of [Formula: see text] peak, measured and as a percentagege of predicted, showed significant associations with a lower risk of mortality [MD: 3.66, 95% CI: 0.88; 6.43 and MD: 16.49, 95% CI: 6.92; 26.07] and fewer complications [MD: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.12; 3.00 and MD: 9.82, 95% CI: 5.88; 13.76]. Using a previously defined cutoff value of > 15mL/kg/min for [Formula: see text] peak, showed evidence of decreased odds of mortality [OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.28-0.81] and but not decreased odds of postoperative morbidity [OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.64-1.00]. There was no relationship between [Formula: see text] slope, which depicts ventilatory efficiency, with mortality [MD: -9.60, 95% CI: -27.74; 8.54] however, patients without postoperative complications had a lower preoperative [Formula: see text] [MD: -2.36, 95% CI: -3.01; -1.71]. Exercise load and anaerobic threshold did not correlate with morbidity or mortality. There was significant heterogeneity between studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Estimates of cardiopulmonary fitness as evidenced by higher [Formula: see text] peak, measured and as a percentage of predicted, were associated with decreased morbidity and mortality. A cutoff value of [Formula: see text] peak > 15mL/kg/min was consistent with improved survival but not with fewer complications. Ventilatory efficiency was associated with decreased postoperative morbidity but not with improved survival. The heterogeneity in literature could be remedied with large scale, prospective, blinded, standardised research to improve preoperative risk stratification in patients with lung cancer scheduled for lung resection surgery.
Topics: Humans; Exercise Test; Lung Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Oxygen Consumption; Lung
PubMed: 38060569
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295430 -
Southern Medical Journal Feb 2005Bacterial spondylodiscitis is rarely caused by anaerobic organisms. We describe two patients with lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis caused by anaerobic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bacterial spondylodiscitis is rarely caused by anaerobic organisms. We describe two patients with lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis caused by anaerobic bacteria, including an unusual occurrence after an endodontic procedure, and review the salient clinical features and outcomes of 31 previously reported cases.
METHODS
Case reports and review of the literature.
RESULTS
Median age at presentation was 65 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. The most common presenting symptoms were back pain, fever, and neurologic deficits. The lumbar spine was most frequently involved (43%); an equal number of cases involved contiguous extension or hematogenous spread. Causative anaerobes were recovered from disk space or vertebrae (13), blood (4), and/or soft tissue abscess and included Bacteroides species (12), Propionibacterium acnes (7), Peptococcus species (4), Peptostreptococcus species and Clostridium species (3 each), Corynebacterium diphtheroides and Fusobacterium species (2 each), and unspecified anaerobes (3).
CONCLUSIONS
Apart from specific antibiotic selection, medical treatment and outcomes for anaerobic spondylodiscitis are similar to those for aerobic vertebral disk infection.
Topics: Aged; Bacterial Infections; Discitis; Female; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Radiography
PubMed: 15759942
DOI: 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000129928.03804.2A -
Sports Medicine - Open Sep 2022The implementation of blood flow restriction (BFR) during exercise is becoming an increasingly useful adjunct method in both athletic and rehabilitative settings....
BACKGROUND
The implementation of blood flow restriction (BFR) during exercise is becoming an increasingly useful adjunct method in both athletic and rehabilitative settings. Advantages in pairing BFR with training can be observed in two scenarios: (1) training at lower absolute intensities (e.g. walking) elicits adaptations akin to high-intensity sessions (e.g. running intervals); (2) when performing exercise at moderate to high intensities, higher physiological stimulus may be attained, leading to larger improvements in aerobic, anaerobic, and muscular parameters. The former has been well documented in recent systematic reviews, but consensus on BFR (concomitant or post-exercise) combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols is not well established. Therefore, this systematic review evaluates the acute and chronic effects of BFR + HIIT.
METHODS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to identify relevant studies. A systematic search on 1 February 2022, was conducted on four key databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. Quality of each individual study was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Extraction of data from included studies was conducted using an adapted version of the 'Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome' (PICO) framework.
RESULTS
A total of 208 articles were identified, 18 of which met inclusion criteria. Of the 18 BFR + HIIT studies (244 subjects), 1 reported both acute and chronic effects, 5 examined acute responses and 12 investigated chronic effects. Acutely, BFR challenges the metabolic processes (vascular and oxygenation responses) during high-intensity repeated sprint exercise-which accelerates central and peripheral neuromuscular fatigue mechanisms resulting in performance impairments. Analysis of the literature exploring the chronic effects of BFR + HIIT suggests that BFR does provide an additive physiological training stimulus to HIIT protocols, especially for measured aerobic, muscular, and, to some extent, anaerobic parameters.
CONCLUSION
Presently, it appears that the addition of BFR into HIIT enhances physiological improvements in aerobic, muscular, and, to some extent, anaerobic performance. However due to large variability in permutations of BFR + HIIT methodologies, it is necessary for future research to explore and recommend standardised BFR guidelines for each HIIT exercise type.
PubMed: 36178530
DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00506-y -
Infection Apr 2018Ceftazidime-avibactam is an antimicrobial association active against several Enterobacteriaceae species, including those resistant to carbapenem. Considering the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Ceftazidime-avibactam is an antimicrobial association active against several Enterobacteriaceae species, including those resistant to carbapenem. Considering the importance of this drug in the current panorama of multidrug-resistant bacteria, we performed a systematic review about ceftazidime-avibactam with emphasis on clinical and pharmacological published data.
METHODS
A systematic search of the medical literature was performed. The databases searched included MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science (until September 2017). The search terms used were 'avibactam', 'NXL104' and 'AVE1330A'. Bibliographies from those studies were also reviewed. Ceftazidime was not included as a search term, once relevant studies about avibactam in association with other drugs could be excluded. Only articles in English were selected. No statistical analysis or quality validation was included in this review.
RESULTS
A total of 151 manuscripts were included. Ceftazidime-avibactam has limited action against anaerobic bacteria. Avibactam is a potent inhibitor of class A, class C, and some class D enzymes, which includes KPC-2. The best pharmacodynamic profile of ceftazidime-avibactam is ƒT > MIC, validated in an animal model of soft tissue infection. Three clinical trials showed the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam in patients with intra-abdominal and urinary infections. Ceftazidime-avibactam has been evaluated versus meropenem/doripenem in hospitalized adults with nosocomial pneumonia, neutropenic patients and pediatric patients.
CONCLUSION
Ceftazidime-avibactam has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile for severe infections and highly active against carbapenemases of KPC-2 type.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azabicyclo Compounds; Ceftazidime; Drug Combinations; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Intraabdominal Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Urinary Tract Infections; beta-Lactam Resistance
PubMed: 29110143
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-017-1096-y -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2020: There are many athletes who like to listen to music while making a high intensity effort. However, research into the effects of listening to music on athletic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
: There are many athletes who like to listen to music while making a high intensity effort. However, research into the effects of listening to music on athletic performance has provided controversial results, and it is suggested that the timing and type of music might affect the anaerobic performance response. : The main aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the effects while listening to music tasks via the 30 s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) on absolute performance and relative peak power (APP and RPP), absolute and relative mean power (AMP and RMP), and fatigue index (FI). : PRISMA guidelines were used as a basis for conducting this systematic review, with inclusion criteria being set out according to the PICOS model. Computer-based literature research was undertaken until 10 March 2020 using the following online databases: PubMed/Medline, WOS, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. The literature was reviewed with regard to the effects of listening to music on the WAnT using several music variables on: APP, RPP, AMP, RMP and FI. Hedges' g formula was used to calculate both standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals, in order to establish continuous outcomes. Furthermore, the I statistic evaluated systematic differences (heterogeneity) together with a random effect meta-analysis model. : This systematic review included nine articles that researched into the effects of music on WAnT performance (six studies describe improvements in APP and/or RPP, four in AMP and/or RMP and three in FI). The random effects model was used to undertake a final meta-analysis, with standardized mean differences (SMD) and magnitude of standardized mean differences (MSMD) (Hedges' g) being pooled accordingly. The resulting meta-analysis incorporated eight studies that had been previously published, with results showing that there were no apparent beneficial effects on APP ( = 0.09), AMP ( = 0.33) and FI ( = 0.46) as a consequence of listening to music. However, listening to music showed beneficial effects on RPP (SMD: 0.65; 95%: CI 0.35 to 0.96; MSMD: moderate; I, 0%; < 0.001) and RMP (SMD: 1.03; 95%: CI, 0.63 to 1.42; MSMD: trivial; I, 0%; < 0.001). : This systematic review and meta-analysis has shown that listening to music during the WAnT might physiologically enhance relative anaerobic exercise performance, although reasons remain speculative.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Auditory Perception; Exercise; Exercise Test; Fatigue; Humans; Music
PubMed: 32599941
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124564