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PloS One 2024Locomotor profiling using anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) enables insights into athletes' physiological and neuromuscular contributing factors and prescription of...
Assessing anaerobic speed reserve: A systematic review on the validity and reliability of methods to determine maximal aerobic speed and maximal sprinting speed in running-based sports.
PURPOSE
Locomotor profiling using anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) enables insights into athletes' physiological and neuromuscular contributing factors and prescription of high-intensity training beyond maximal aerobic speed (MAS). This systematic review aimed to determine the validity and reliability of different methods to assess the characteristics of ASR, i.e., MAS and maximal sprinting speed (MSS).
METHODS
A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they reported data on validity and/or reliability for methods to assess MAS or MSS.
RESULTS
58 studies were included with 28 studies referring to MAS and 30 studies to MSS. Regarding MAS, different methods for cardiopulmonary exercise testing yielded different values (four out of seven studies) of MAS (Cohen's d (ES) = 0.83-2.8; Pearson's r/intraclass correlation coefficient (r/ICC) = 0.46-0.85). Criterion validity of different field tests showed heterogeneous results (ES = 0-3.57; r/ICC = 0.40-0.96). Intraday and interday reliability was mostly acceptable for the investigated methods (ICC/r>0.76; CV<16.9%). Regarding MSS, radar and laser measurements (one out of one studies), timing gates (two out of two studies), and video analysis showed mostly good criterion validity (two out of two studies) (ES = 0.02-0.53; r/ICC = 0.93-0.98) and reliability (r/ICC>0.83; CV<2.43%). Criterion validity (ES = 0.02-7.11) and reliability (r/ICC = 0.14-0.97; CV = 0.7-9.77%) for global or local positioning systems (seven out of nine studies) and treadmill sprinting (one out of one studies) was not acceptable in most studies.
CONCLUSION
The criterion validity of incremental field tests or shuttle runs to examine MAS cannot be confirmed. Results on time trials indicate that distances adapted to the participants' sporting background, fitness, or sex might be suitable to estimate MAS. Regarding MSS, only sprints with radar or laser measures, timing gates, or video analysis provide valid and reliable results for linear sprints of 20 to 70 m.
Topics: Humans; Anaerobiosis; Reproducibility of Results; Athletes; Exercise; Running
PubMed: 38252665
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296866 -
Environmental Research Feb 2023In recent years, the demand for high-quality biofuels from renewable sources has become an aspirational goal to offer a clean environment by alternating the depleting... (Review)
Review
In recent years, the demand for high-quality biofuels from renewable sources has become an aspirational goal to offer a clean environment by alternating the depleting fossil fuels to meet future energy needs. In this aspect, biohythane production from wastes has received extensive research interest since it contains superior fuel characteristics than the promising conventional biofuel i.e. biogas. The main aim is to promote research and potentials of biohythane production by a systematic review of scientific literature on the biohythane production pathways, substrate/microbial consortium suitability, reactor design, and influential process/operational factors. Reactor configuration also decides the product yield in addition to other key factors like waste composition, temperature, pH, retention time and loading rates. Hence, a detailed emphasis on different reactor configurations with respect to the type of feedstock has also been given. The technical challenges are highlighted towards process optimization and system scale up. Meanwhile, solutions to improve product yield, technoeconomics, applications and key policy and governance factors to build a hydrogen based society have also been discussed.
Topics: Fermentation; Anaerobiosis; Hydrogen; Biofuels; Microbial Consortia
PubMed: 36535394
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115094 -
Vox Sanguinis Apr 2021Septic transfusion reactions are a principal cause of transfusion-related mortality. The frequency of detectable bacterial contamination is greater in platelets compared... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Septic transfusion reactions are a principal cause of transfusion-related mortality. The frequency of detectable bacterial contamination is greater in platelets compared to other blood components because platelets are stored at room temperature. Most strategies outlined in the September 2019 FDA guidance require both aerobic culture (AC) and anaerobic culture (AnC) testing. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in an effort to provide the best available estimate of the effectiveness of AnC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Our analysis was performed according to published guidelines. Broad and context-specific meta-analyses of bacterial detection rates in platelets by AnC were performed to assess the practical effectiveness of AnC as a risk control measure.
RESULTS
Seven studies with a total of 1 767 014 tested platelet components were included for analysis. With exclusion of positives due to Cutibacterium/Propionibacterium species and redundancy due to AC results, AnC detected 0·06 contamination events per thousand (EPT) components tested, twofold lower than the AC (0·12 EPT).
CONCLUSION
Excluding Cutibacterium/Propionibacterium species, AnC detects occasional bacterial contamination events that are not detected by AC (~1 in 17 000 platelet components).
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Bacteria; Bacteriological Techniques; Blood Platelets; Blood Safety; Drug Contamination; Humans; Platelet Transfusion; Transfusion Reaction
PubMed: 32996621
DOI: 10.1111/vox.13013 -
Chemosphere May 2021This paper review is aiming to comprehensively identify and appraise the current available knowledge on microbial composition and microbial dynamics in anaerobic... (Review)
Review
This paper review is aiming to comprehensively identify and appraise the current available knowledge on microbial composition and microbial dynamics in anaerobic digestion with focus on the interconnections between operational parameters and microbial community. We systematically searched Scopus, Web of Science, pubmed and Embase (up to August 2019) with relative keywords to identify English-language studies published in peer-reviewed journals. The data and information on anaerobic reactor configurations, operational parameters such as pretreatment methods, temperature, trace elements, ammonia, organic loading rate, and feedstock composition and their association with the microbial community and microbial dynamics were extracted from eligible articles. Of 306 potential articles, 112 studies met the present review objectives and inclusion criteria. The results indicated that both aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis are dominant in anaerobic digesters and their relative composition is depending on environmental conditions. However, hydrogenotrophic methanogens are more often observed in extreme conditions due to their higher robustness compared to aceticlastic methangoens. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla are most common fermentative bacteria of the acidogenic phase. These bacteria secrete lytic enzymes to degrade organic matters and are able to survive in extreme conditions and environments due to their spores. In addition, among archaea Methanosaeta, Methanobacterium, and Methanosarcinaceae are found at high relative abundance in anaerobic digesters operated with different operational parameters. Overall, understanding the shifts in microbial composition and diversity as results of operational parameters variation in anaerobic digestion process would improve the stability and process performance.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Archaea; Bioreactors; Methane; Microbiota
PubMed: 33121817
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128618 -
Waste Management (New York, N.Y.) Feb 2023With the continuous rise of food waste (FW) throughout the world, a research effort to reveal its potential for bioenergy production is surging. There is a lack of... (Review)
Review
With the continuous rise of food waste (FW) throughout the world, a research effort to reveal its potential for bioenergy production is surging. There is a lack of harmonized information and publications available that evaluate the state-of-advance for FW-derived methane production process, particularly from an engineering and sustainability point of view. Anaerobic digestion (AD) has shown remarkable efficiency in the bioconversion of FW to methane. This paper reviews the current research progress, gaps, and prospects in pre-AD, AD, and post-AD processes of FW-derived methane production. Briefly, the review highlights innovative FW collection and optimization routes such as AI that enable efficient FW valorization processes. As weather changes and the FW sources may affect the AD efficiency, it is important to assess the spatio-seasonal variations and microphysical properties of the FW to be valorized. In that case, developing weather-resistant bioreactors and cost-effective mechanisms to modify the raw substrate morphology is necessary. An AI-guided reactor could have high performance when the internal environment of the centralized operation is monitored in real-time and not susceptible to changes in FW variety. Monitoring solvent degradation and fugitive gases during biogas purification is a challenging task, especially for large-scale plants. Furthermore, this review links scientific evidence in the field with full-scale case studies from different countries. It also highlights the potential contribution of ADFW to carbon neutrality efforts. Regarding future research needs, in addition to the smart collection scheme, attention should be paid to the management and utilization of FW impurities, to ensure sustainable AD operations.
Topics: Methane; Food; Anaerobiosis; Refuse Disposal; Bioreactors; Biofuels
PubMed: 36493662
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.030 -
Chemosphere Nov 2021Humanity is struggling against a major problem for a proper management of generated municipal solid waste. The collected waste causes natural issues like uncontrollable...
Humanity is struggling against a major problem for a proper management of generated municipal solid waste. The collected waste causes natural issues like uncontrollable emission of greenhouse gases and others. Even though, escalation of waste results in minimizing the areas accessible for disposing the waste. Creating awareness in the society to use organic products like biofuels, biofertilizers and biogas is a need of an hour. Biochemical processes such as composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion, and landfilling play important role in valorizing biomass and solid waste for production of biofuels, biosurfactants and biopolymer. This paper covers the details of biomass and solid waste characteristics and its composition. It is also focused to provide updated information about reutilization of biomass for value creation. Technologies and products obtained through bio-routes are discussed in current review paper together with the integrated system of solid waste management. It also covers challenges, innovations and perspectives in this field.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Biofuels; Biomass; Composting; Refuse Disposal; Solid Waste; Waste Management
PubMed: 34082315
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130954 -
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine Apr 2017Anaerobic capacity assessment in rehabilitation has received increasing scientific attention in recent years. However, anaerobic capacity is not tested consistently in...
OBJECTIVE
Anaerobic capacity assessment in rehabilitation has received increasing scientific attention in recent years. However, anaerobic capacity is not tested consistently in clinical rehabilitation practice. This study reviews tests and protocols for anaerobic capacity in adults with various disabilities (spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, cerebral vascular accident, lower-limb amputation(s)) and (able-bodied) wheelchair users.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science.
STUDY SELECTION
Papers were screened by 2 independent assessors, and were included when anaerobic exercise tests were performed on the above-selected subject groups.
DATA EXTRACTION
Included articles were checked for methodological quality.
DATA SYNTHESIS
A total of 57 papers was included. Upper-body testing [56 protocols] was conducted with arm crank [16] and wheelchair tests [40]. With a few [2] exceptions, modified Wingate (Wingate) protocols and wheelchair sprint tests dominated upper-body anaerobic testing. In lower-body anaerobic work [11], bicycle [3] and recumbent [1], and overground tests [7] were used, in which Wingate, sprint or jump protocols were employed.
CONCLUSION
When equipment is available a Wingate protocol is advised for assessment of anaerobic capacity in rehabilitation. When equipment is not avail-able a 20-45 s sprint test is a good alternative. Future research should focus on standardized tests and protocols specific to different disability groups.
Topics: Adult; Anaerobiosis; Exercise; Exercise Test; Humans; Male; Rehabilitation
PubMed: 28350415
DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2213 -
Journal of the International Society of... Feb 2021The effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) on anaerobic and aerobic capacity are commonly acknowledged as unclear due to the contrasting evidence thus, the present study... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) on anaerobic and aerobic capacity are commonly acknowledged as unclear due to the contrasting evidence thus, the present study analyzes the contribution of NaHCO to energy metabolism during exercise.
METHODS
Following a search through five databases, 17 studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses of standardized mean differences (SMDs) were performed using a random-effects model to determine the effects of NaHCO supplementation on energy metabolism. Subgroup meta-analyses were conducted for the anaerobic-based exercise (assessed by changes in pH, bicarbonate ion [HCO], base excess [BE] and blood lactate [BLa]) vs. aerobic-based exercise (assessed by changes in oxygen uptake [VO], carbon dioxide production [VCO], partial pressure of oxygen [PO] and partial pressure of carbon dioxide [PCO]).
RESULTS
The meta-analysis indicated that NaHCO ingestion improves pH (SMD = 1.38, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.79, P < 0.001; I = 69%), HCO (SMD = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.17, P < 0.001; I = 80%), BE (SMD = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.16 to 2.19, P < 0.001, I = 77%), BLa (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.11, P < 0.001, I = 68%) and PCO (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.90, P = 0.009, I = 0%) but there were no differences between VO, VCO and PO compared with the placebo condition.
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis has found that the anaerobic metabolism system (AnMS), especially the glycolytic but not the oxidative system during exercise is affected by ingestion of NaHCO. The ideal way is to ingest it is in a gelatin capsule in the acute mode and to use a dose of 0.3 g•kg body mass of NaHCO 90 min before the exercise in which energy is supplied by the glycolytic system.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Bicarbonates; Carbon Dioxide; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Oxygen; Sodium Bicarbonate
PubMed: 33546730
DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00410-y -
Water Research Mar 2021Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) represents a promising technology for wastewater nitrogen removal. Organics management is critical to achieving efficient and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) represents a promising technology for wastewater nitrogen removal. Organics management is critical to achieving efficient and stable performance of anammox or integrated processes, e.g., denitratation-anammox. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the state-of-the-art knowledge on the multifaceted impacts of organics on wastewater anammox community structure and function. Both exogenous and endogenous organics are discussed with respect to their effects on the biofilm/granule structure and function, as well as the interactions between anammox bacteria (AnAOB) and a broad range of coexisting functional groups. A global core community consisting of 19 taxa is identified and a co-occurrence network is constructed by meta-analysis on the 16S rDNA sequences of 149 wastewater anammox samples. Correlations between core taxa, keystone taxa, and environmental factors, including COD, nitrogen loading rate (NLR) and C/N ratio are obtained. This review provides a holistic understanding of the microbial responses to different origins and types of organics in wastewater anammox reactors, which will facilitate the design and operation of more efficient anammox-based wastewater nitrogen removal process.
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Anaerobiosis; Bioreactors; Denitrification; Nitrogen; Oxidation-Reduction; Wastewater
PubMed: 33461083
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116817 -
Current Microbiology Apr 2015Microbial mediated nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (N-DAMO), which couples the oxidation of methane to nitrite reduction, is a recently discovered process.... (Review)
Review
Microbial mediated nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (N-DAMO), which couples the oxidation of methane to nitrite reduction, is a recently discovered process. The discovery of N-DAMO process makes great contributions to complete the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen, and to develop novel economic biotechnology for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal. This process is catalysed by the unique bacterium "Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera" (M. oxyfera), which belongs to the candidate phylum NC10, a phylum having no members in pure culture. In recent years, some microbiological properties of M. oxyfera have been unravelled. The most prominent examples are the discoveries of the special ultrastructure (star-like) of the cell shape and the unique chemical composition (10MeC16:1Δ7) of M. oxyfera that have not been found in other bacteria yet. More importantly, a new intra-aerobic pathway was discovered in M. oxyfera. It seems that M. oxyfera produces oxygen intracellularly by the conversion of two nitric oxide molecules to dinitrogen gas and oxygen, and the produced oxygen is then used for methane oxidation and normal respiration. The current paper is a systematic review in the microbiological properties of M. oxyfera, especially for its special properties.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Bacteria; Carbon; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Methane; Nitric Oxide; Nitrites; Nitrogen; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen
PubMed: 25519694
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0762-x