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International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Heart failure is defined as a clinical syndrome consisting of key symptoms and is due to a structural and/or functional alteration of the heart that results in increased... (Review)
Review
Heart failure is defined as a clinical syndrome consisting of key symptoms and is due to a structural and/or functional alteration of the heart that results in increased intracardiac pressures and/or inadequate cardiac output at rest and/or during exercise. One of the key mechanisms determining myocardial dysfunction in heart failure is oxidative stress. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are short, endogenous, conserved, single-stranded non-coding RNAs of around 21-25 nucleotides in length that act as regulators of multiple processes. A systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines was performed on the evidence on the interplay between microRNA and oxidative stress in heart failure. A search of Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Scopus direct databases using the following search terms: 'heart failure' AND 'oxidative stress' AND 'microRNA' or 'heart failure' AND 'oxidative stress' AND 'miRNA' was conducted and resulted in 464 articles. Out of them, 15 full text articles were eligible for inclusion in the qualitative analysis. Multiple microRNAs are involved in the processes associated with oxidative stress leading to heart failure development including mitochondrial integrity and function, antioxidant defense, iron overload, ferroptosis, and survival pathways.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Heart Failure; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Cardiomyopathies
PubMed: 36499336
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315013 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, which affects the exocrine glands leading to glandular dysfunction and, particularly, symptoms of oral and...
INTRODUCTION
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, which affects the exocrine glands leading to glandular dysfunction and, particularly, symptoms of oral and ocular dryness. The aetiology of SS remains unclear, and the disease lacks distinctive clinical features. The current diagnostic work-up is complex, invasive and often time-consuming. Thus, there is an emerging need for identifying disease-specific and, ideally, non-invasive immunological and molecular biomarkers that can simplify the diagnostic process, allow stratification of patients, and assist in monitoring the disease course and outcome of therapeutic intervention in SS.
METHODS
This systematic review addresses the use of proteomics and miRNA-expression profile analyses in this regard.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Out of 272 papers that were identified and 108 reviewed, a total of 42 papers on proteomics and 23 papers on miRNA analyses in saliva, blood and salivary gland tissue were included in this review. Overall, the proteomic and miRNA studies revealed considerable variations with regard to candidate biomarker proteins and miRNAs, most likely due to variation in sample size, processing and analytical methods, but also reflecting the complexity of SS and patient heterogeneity. However, interesting novel knowledge has emerged and further validation is needed to confirm their potential role as biomarkers in SS.
Topics: Humans; Sjogren's Syndrome; MicroRNAs; Proteomics; Saliva; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37275849
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183195 -
Cancer Treatment and Research... 2022Accumulating evidence suggests the critical role of miR-590-5p in various aspects of cellular homeostasis, including cancer. Furthermore, we and others have recently... (Review)
Review
Accumulating evidence suggests the critical role of miR-590-5p in various aspects of cellular homeostasis, including cancer. Furthermore, we and others have recently demonstrated that miRNA-590-5p acts as an oncogene in some cancers while it acts as a tumor-suppressor in others. However, the role of miR-590-5p in oncogenesis is more complex, like a double-edged sword. Thus, this systematic review introduces the concept, mechanism, and biological function of miR-590-5p to resolve this apparent paradox. We have also described the involvement of miR-590-5p in crucial cancer-hallmarks processes like proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemo radioresistance. Finally, we have presented the possible genes/pathways targets of miR-590-5p through bioinformatics analysis. This review may help in designing better biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancers.
Topics: Carcinogenesis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 35752082
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100593 -
Atherosclerosis Jun 2021Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an important cause of death worldwide and has an estimated heritability between 70 and 77%. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an important cause of death worldwide and has an estimated heritability between 70 and 77%. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are an established way to discover genetic risk variants. The aim of this study was to systematically review the findings and quality of previous AAA GWAS.
METHODS
The Medline, PubMed, Web of Science and relevant genetic databases were searched to identify previous AAA GWAS. A framework was developed to grade the methodological quality of the GWAS. Data from included studies were extracted to assess methods and findings.
RESULTS
Eight case-control studies were included. Thirty-three of the 38 total single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously reported were associated with AAA diagnosis at genome-wide significance (p < 5.0 × 10). The CDKN2B antisense RNA-1 gene had the most significant association with AAA diagnosis (p = 6.94 × 10 and p = 1.54 × 10 for rs4007642 and rs10757274 respectively). Age, sex and smoking history were not reported for the complete cohort in any of the included studies, although five of the eight studies adjusted or matched for at least two confounding variables. All included studies had important design limitations including lack of sample size estimation, inconsistent case and control ascertainment and limited phenotyping of the AAAs. AAA growth was assessed in one GWAS, however, no significant associations with the reported SNPs were found.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review identified 33 SNPs associated with AAA diagnosis at genome-wide significance previously validated in multiple cohorts. The association between SNPs and AAA growth was not adequately examined. Previous GWAS have a number of design limitations.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Case-Control Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34038762
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.05.001 -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... Oct 2020We carried out a meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize the overall diagnostic and predictive effects of circulating microRNAs in diagnosis and prediction of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
We carried out a meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize the overall diagnostic and predictive effects of circulating microRNAs in diagnosis and prediction of preeclampsia, respectively.
STUDY DESIGN
We screened selected databases and systematically retrieved articles until September 20th, 2019 for analysis. After literature screening and data extraction, we firstly conducted quality assessment according to QUADAS-2 score system. And then the pooled diagnostic and predictive parameters were calculated using a bivariate random-effect meta-analysis model. We used threshold effect analysis and subgroup analysis to identify the sources of heterogeneity. The clinical utility was validated through the Fagan's Nomogram. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the reliability of each included study, and we evaluated publication bias with the Deeks' funnel plot asymmetry test.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis included 8 articles comprising 273 preeclampsia patients and 343 normal pregnancies. Pooled results of diagnostic values of 5 articles indicated a sensitivity of 0.88 (95 %CI: 0.80-0.93), specificity of 0.87 (95 %CI: 0.78-0.92) and diagnostic odds ratio of 50.24 (95 %CI: 21.28-118.62). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR of circulating microRNAs for predicting preeclampsia of asymptomatic pregnancies were 0.61 (95 %CI: 0.55-0.68), 0.78 (95 %CI: 0.72-0.83) and 5.7 (95 %CI: 3.7-8.7) across other 3 articles. Subgroup analysis revealed that non-plasma specimen type, non-U6 reference gene and non-Asian had better diagnostic value while due to limited data, we did not conduct a subgroup analysis of predictive value.
CONCLUSIONS
Circulating miRNAs distinguish patients with preeclampsia from controls with relatively high diagnostic and predictive accuracy. Then we conclude that circulating miRNAs could be a useful screening tool to diagnose and predict preeclampsia. However, its utility should be judged with caution and large-sample prospective studies are warranted to explore if its implementation improves maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Circulating MicroRNA; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; MicroRNAs; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 32871438
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.08.016 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Dec 2023The relationship between circulating miRNAs and neonatal sepsis and the mechanism of action are still unclear at this time. Therefore, the potential diagnostic role of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The relationship between circulating miRNAs and neonatal sepsis and the mechanism of action are still unclear at this time. Therefore, the potential diagnostic role of miRNAs in neonatal sepsis (NS) was studied through meta-analysis.
METHOD
Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase are retrieved, supplemented by manual search, and the search was conducted to find related studies without time limit until May 2022.The quality of the literature was assessed via QUADAS criteria and meta-analyzed via Stata 11.0 software, including the assessment of specificity, sensitivity, likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio. Then, sensitivity analysis and heterogeneity testing were conducted, and finally, the summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) curve was drawn.
RESULT
This study included 14 articles, including 20 miRNAs and 1597 newborns(control group: 727 and case group: 870). Among them, one article was of low quality, three articles were of high quality, and the rest were of medium quality. According to the results of random effects model analysis, the pooled specificity and sensitivity of miRNA for the diagnosis of NS were 0.83 (95%CI: 0.79-0.87) and 0.76 (95%CI: 0.72-0.80), respectively. And negative likelihood ratio, positive likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.29 (95%CI: 0.24-0.34), 4.51 (95%CI: 3.52-5.78), and 15.81 (95%CI: 10.71-23.35), respectively. The area under the SROC curve was 0.86, and there was no evidence publication bias detected in the funnel plot.
CONCLUSION
Circulating miRNAs may be very useful in the development of early diagnostic strategies for neonatal sepsis.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; MicroRNAs; Neonatal Sepsis; Biomarkers; Dietary Supplements; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 37303196
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2217317 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Cholesteatoma is a temporal bone disease characterized by dysfunctions of keratinocytes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionary conserved noncoding RNAs that regulate mRNA... (Review)
Review
Cholesteatoma is a temporal bone disease characterized by dysfunctions of keratinocytes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionary conserved noncoding RNAs that regulate mRNA expression. They can be packaged into exosomes and transported to target cells that can be used in the future therapy of cholesteatoma. This study aimed to collect knowledge on the role of miRNAs and exosomal miRNAs in cholesteatoma and was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Four databases were screened: Pubmed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The last search was run on the 6th of June 2023. We included full-text original studies written in English, which examined miRNAs in cholesteatoma. The risk of bias was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk of Bias Rating Tool, modified for the needs of this review. We identified 118 records and included 18 articles. Analyses revealed the downregulation of exosomal miR-17 as well as miR-10a-5p, miR-125b, miR-142-5p, miR34a, miR-203a, and miR-152-5p and the overexpression of exosomal miR-106b-5p as well as miR-1297, miR-26a-5p, miR-199a, miR-508-3p, miR-21-3p, miR-584-5p, and miR-16-1-3p in cholesteatoma. The role of differentially expressed miRNAs in cholesteatoma, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, the cell cycle, differentiation, bone resorption, and the remodeling process, was confirmed, making them a potential therapeutic target in this disease.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Cholesteatoma; RNA, Untranslated; Down-Regulation; Keratinocytes; Exosomes
PubMed: 37569652
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512277 -
Advanced Biology Jul 2023Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as biomarker candidates for early detection of prostate cancer. Studies compare EV-microRNA (miRNA) expression in individuals...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as biomarker candidates for early detection of prostate cancer. Studies compare EV-microRNA (miRNA) expression in individuals with prostate cancer (PCa) with cancer-free samples for diagnostic purposes. The aim of this study is to review miRNA signatures to investigate the overlap between miRNAs enriched in PCa tissue and miRNAs enriched in EVs isolated from subjects with PCa biofluids (i.e., urine, serum, and plasma). Signatures dysregulated in EVs from PCa biofluids and tissue are potentially associated with the primary tumor site and might be more indicative of PCa at an early stage. A systematic review of EV-derived miRNAs and a reanalysis of PCa tissue miRNA sequencing data for comparison is presented. Articles in the literature are screened for validated miRNA dysregulation in PCa and compared with TCGA primary PCa tumor data using DESeq2. This resulted in 190 dysregulated miRNAs being identified. Thirty-one eligible studies are identified, indicating 39 dysregulated EV-derived miRNAs. The top ten markers identified as significantly dysregulated in the PCa tissue dataset TCGA (e.g., miR-30b-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-126-3p, and miR-196a-5p) have a significant expression change in EVs with the same directionality in one or several statistically significant results. This analysis highlights several less frequently studied miRNAs in PCa literature.
Topics: Male; Humans; MicroRNAs; Prostatic Neoplasms; Extracellular Vesicles
PubMed: 37300338
DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200327 -
Clinical Laboratory Aug 2016MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in cancer development. MiR-222, which is deregulated in multiple types of cancers, shows potential as a prognostic biomarker;... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in cancer development. MiR-222, which is deregulated in multiple types of cancers, shows potential as a prognostic biomarker; however, the association between miR222 expression and cancer prognosis was controversial in previous studies. Here we analyzed the relationship between miR-222 and the survival of cancer patients.
METHODS
A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, SciFinder, Cochrane Library, Wan Fang, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up until June 8, 2015 was performed to clarify the prognostic value of miR-222 in cancers. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were extracted to evaluate the effect.
RESULTS
Sixteen published articles involving 1,354 patients were included in this meta-analysis. High expression of miR-222 was associated with poor overall survival with a pooled HR of 1.86 (95% CI, 1.57 - 2.14), without significant heterogeneity, and no publication bias was detected.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results showed that high expression of miR-222 is associated with poor overall survival of patients with cancers and could be used as a predictive biomarker for prognosis of various cancers.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; MicroRNAs; Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 28164621
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2016.160102 -
Journal of Sport and Health Science May 2024Regular physical exercise has been recognized as a potent modulator of immune function, with its effects including enhanced immune surveillance, reduced inflammation,... (Review)
Review
Regular physical exercise has been recognized as a potent modulator of immune function, with its effects including enhanced immune surveillance, reduced inflammation, and improved overall health. While strong evidence exists that physical exercise affects the specific expression and activity of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) also involved in immune system regulation, heterogeneity in individual study designs and analyzed exercise protocols exists, and a condensed list of functional, exercise-dependent ncRNAs with known targets in the immune system is missing from the literature. A systematic review and qualitative analysis was used to identify and categorize ncRNAs participating in immune modulation by physical exercise. Two combined approaches were used: (a) a systematic literature search for "ncRNA and exercise immunology", (b) and a database search for microRNAs (miRNAs) (miRTarBase and DIANA-Tarbase v8) aligned with known target genes in the immune system based on the Reactome database, combined with a systematic literature search for "ncRNA and exercise". Literature searches were based on PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus; and miRNA databases were filtered for targets validated by in vitro experimental data. Studies were eligible if they reported on exercise-based interventions in healthy humans. After duplicate removal, 95 studies were included reporting on 164 miRNAs, which were used for the qualitative synthesis. Six studies reporting on long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) or circular RNAs were also identified. Results were analyzed using ordering tables that included exercise modality (endurance/resistance exercise), acute or chronic interventions, as well as the consistency in reported change between studies. Evaluation criteria were defined as "validated" with 100% of ≥3 independent studies showing identical direction of regulation, "plausible" (≥80%), or "suggestive" (≥70%). For resistance exercise, upregulation of miR-206 was validated while downregulation of miR-133a appeared plausible. For endurance exercise, 15 miRNAs were categorized as validated, with 12 miRNAs being consistently elevated and 3 miRNAs being downregulated, most of them after acute exercise training. In conclusion, our approach provides evidence that miRNAs play a major role in exercise-induced effects on the innate and adaptive immune system by targeting different pathways affecting immune cell distribution, function, and trafficking as well as production of (anti-)inflammatory cytokines. miRNAs miR-15, miR-29c, miR-30a, miR-142/3, miR-181a, and miR-338 emerged as key players in mediating the immunomodulatory effects of exercise predominantly after acute bouts of endurance exercise.
Topics: Humans; Exercise; MicroRNAs; RNA, Untranslated; Immune System
PubMed: 37925072
DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.11.001