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Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning Dec 2020Test anxiety is well studied in higher education, but studies primarily concern traditional assessments, such as written examinations. As use of objective structured... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Test anxiety is well studied in higher education, but studies primarily concern traditional assessments, such as written examinations. As use of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in pharmacy education increases, a closer examination of non-cognitive factors such as test anxiety is warranted. The purpose of this review was to determine the association between OSCE-associated test anxiety with OSCE performance in health professional students.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted to identify peer-reviewed literature concerning test anxiety in health professional students associated with OSCE. Investigators searched for a combination of OSCE-related terms with anxiety-related terms using PubMed. Articles were included if they assessed OSCE-related anxiety by quantitative or qualitative methods. Data extracted from eligible articles included demographic data, type of the anxiety survey, associations between OSCE-related anxiety and performance, and other student-factors associated with OSCE-related anxiety.
RESULTS
The literature search yielded 339 articles. Nine articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Results included students from medical, pharmacy, dental, and nursing professional programs. Anxiety was assessed via multiple scales. Six out of the eight studies assessing the relationship OSCE-related anxiety and OSCE performance found no association between the two measures. Contrary to literature concerning test anxiety in higher education, female gender was not associated with OSCE-related anxiety.
CONCLUSION
OSCE-related anxiety appears to have minimal to no influence on student performance. Future studies should utilize standardized anxiety assessments and should seek to understand anxiety's effects on student wellbeing and burnout.
Topics: Anxiety; Clinical Competence; Educational Measurement; Female; Humans; Physical Examination; Students
PubMed: 33092780
DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2020.07.007 -
Psychology & Health Jan 2022Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is associated with higher rates of clinically significant anxiety and depression than in healthy populations. Psychosocial interventions...
OBJECTIVE
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is associated with higher rates of clinically significant anxiety and depression than in healthy populations. Psychosocial interventions targeting anxiety and depression in IBD have variable efficacy and disparate treatment approaches, making treatment recommendations difficult. The current study aimed to identify effective treatment components across psychosocial treatment approaches for anxiety and depression in IBD.
DESIGN
A systematic review of psychosocial treatments for anxiety and depression in IBD was conducted. Based on the Distillation and Matching Model, treatments were coded and data aggregated by intervention components, or practice elements (PE), to elucidate replicable clinical techniques.
MAIN OUTCOME
The percentage of studies utilizing a given PE was the primary outcome.
MEASURES
Among all included studies, as well as among those finding favorable, significant effects on anxiety or depression, the percentage utilizing each PE and number of PEs utilized was determined.
RESULTS
The most utilized PEs among included interventions were relaxation, IBD psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, distraction, and social skills. Examining only interventions with favorable differences on specified outcomes (HRQoL, Anxiety, Depression, and/or Coping) indicated that relaxation, education, cognitive restructuring, and mindfulness were most utilized.
CONCLUSION
Implications for clinical practice are discussed, including the development and dissemination of treatment recommendations.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Quality of Life
PubMed: 33499672
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1867135 -
Injury Dec 2014Traumatic amputation can result in multiple physical, psychological and socio-economic sequalae. While there has been a significant increase in investment and public... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Traumatic amputation can result in multiple physical, psychological and socio-economic sequalae. While there has been a significant increase in investment and public profile of the rehabilitation of patients who have experienced traumatic limb amputation, little is known about the prevalence of anxiety and depression, especially in the long term.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the association between traumatic limb amputation and anxiety and depression.
DATA SOURCES
A literature search of available databases including Cochrane, Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO was performed for relevant studies since 2002. Secondary outcomes included the effect on employment, substance misuse, relationships and quality of life.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised control trials, observational studies or reviews which met the inclusion, exclusion and quality criteria.
RESULTS
Levels of anxiety and depression are significantly higher than in the general population. Significant heterogeneity exists between studies making meta-analyses inappropriate. Improved rehabilitation is having a positive effect on employment rates. There appears to be no significant effect on substance abuse and relationships.
CONCLUSIONS
All studies demonstrated high prevalence of anxiety and depression in post-traumatic amputees. No good prospective data exists for levels of anxiety and depression beyond two years of follow up and this should be an area of future study.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Amputation, Traumatic; Anxiety; Depression; Emotions; Employment; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Quality of Life; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide
PubMed: 25294119
DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.09.015 -
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy Jan 2018Cognitive-behavioural and metacognitive approaches to emotional disorder implicate beliefs in social anxiety, but the types of beliefs differ across these perspectives.... (Review)
Review
Cognitive-behavioural and metacognitive approaches to emotional disorder implicate beliefs in social anxiety, but the types of beliefs differ across these perspectives. Cognitive models suggest that social beliefs about the self (i.e., high standards and conditional and unconditional beliefs) are central. In contrast, the metacognitive model gives centre stage to metacognitive beliefs (i.e., positive and negative beliefs about thinking) as main contributors to the maintenance of the disorder. Despite an expanding research interest in this area, the evidence for such contributions has not yet been reviewed. This study set out to systematically review relevant cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental investigations of the direct and indirect (through cognitive processes, such as anticipatory processing, self-focused attention, the post-mortem, and avoidance) relationships of social and metacognitive beliefs with social anxiety. Clinical and nonclinical samples were included, and correlation and regression coefficients as well as results from group comparisons (e.g., t tests and analyses of variance) were extracted. Overall, 23 papers were located, through PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science, and reviewed using narrative synthesis. The results showed a robust positive relationship between social beliefs and social anxiety that appeared to be mediated by cognitive processes. Specific metacognitive beliefs were found to positively contribute to social anxiety both directly and indirectly, through cognitive processes. The study's findings are limited to 2 models of social anxiety and other minor limitations (e.g., grey literature was excluded). With these accounted for, the results are discussed in terms of the conceptualization and treatment of social anxiety and suggestions for future research are made.
Topics: Anxiety; Cognition; Humans; Metacognition; Social Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 28836318
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2127 -
The Journal of ECT Dec 2017A significant proportion of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-treated patients experience anxiety anticipating the treatment, often to such an extent that they refuse or... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
A significant proportion of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-treated patients experience anxiety anticipating the treatment, often to such an extent that they refuse or discontinue a much-needed treatment. Despite its great impact on treatment adherence, anxiety in patients receiving ECT is underexposed in the scientific literature.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to review the prevalence and specific subjects of ECT-related anxiety and therapeutic interventions to reduce it.
METHODS
We performed a computerized search (EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO) for articles meeting the following inclusion criteria: (1) qualitative (interview) studies, quantitative (questionnaire) studies, or experimental (interventional) studies that (2) report on anxiety that is related to a planned, ongoing, or past ECT treatment.
RESULTS
Of 1160 search results, 31 articles were included. Electroconvulsive therapy-related anxiety is estimated to be present in 14% to 75% of patients and is most often linked to worries about memory impairment or brain damage. Only a few interventions (chlorpromazine, meprobamate, propofol, a talking-through technique, an information leaflet, and animal-assisted therapy) have been proposed to reduce patients' ECT-related anxiety.
CONCLUSIONS
Electroconvulsive therapy-related anxiety is a highly prevalent phenomenon, and the literature provides little guidance for its clinical management. Most studies are of a low methodological quality and suffer from significant limitations, thereby hampering generalized conclusions. Given the clinical importance of ECT-related anxiety, further study on its nature and evolution through the course of treatment and on anxiety-reducing interventions is warranted.
Topics: Anxiety; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 28009627
DOI: 10.1097/YCT.0000000000000383 -
General Hospital Psychiatry 2023This systematic review aimed to identify the prevalence of anxiety and depression in cardiac arrest (CA) survivors. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aimed to identify the prevalence of anxiety and depression in cardiac arrest (CA) survivors.
METHODS
A systematic review and network meta-analysis was performed on observational studies in adult cardiac arrest survivors with psychiatric disorders from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. In the meta-analysis, we combined the prevalence quantitatively and analyzed the subgroup based on the classification indexes.
RESULTS
We identified 32 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Regarding anxiety,the pooled prevalence was 24% (95% CI, 17-31%) and 22% (95% CI, 13-26%) in short-term and long-term respectively. The subgroup analysis showed that the pooled incidence in in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) survivors was 14.0% (95%CI, 9.0-20.0%) and 28.0% (95%CI, 20.0-36.0%) for short-term anxiety.The incidence of anxiety measured by, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAM-A) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) was higher than other tools(P < 0.01). Regarding depression,the data analysis showed that the pooled incidence of short-term and long-term depression was 19% (95% CI, 13-26%) and 19% (95% CI, 16-25%), respectively. The subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of short-term and long-term depression was 8% (95% CI, 1-19%) and 30% (95% CI, 5-64%) for IHCA survivors, and was 18% (95% CI, 11-26%) and 17% (95% CI, 11-25%) for OHCA survivors. The incidence of depression measured by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS) and Symptom check list-90(SCL-90) was higher than other assessment tools(P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The meta-analysis indicated a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in CA survivors, and those symptoms persisted 1 year or more after CA. Evaluation tool is an important factor affecting the measurement results.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Depression; Prevalence; Anxiety; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Survivors
PubMed: 37028095
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.03.013 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2023To assess whether working memory training will relieve anxiety in participants. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether working memory training will relieve anxiety in participants.
METHODS
The PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched up to January 25, 2022. We included random controlled trials with low to moderate risk of bias in comparing working memory training with control condition as the only intervention in treating anxiety (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022300404). The language was restricted to English. Data extraction was independently carried out by two authors, following the PRISMA guideline for systematic reviews.
RESULTS
Of the 477 records identified, 19 studies (n = 1051) were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the post-training anxiety was reduced with a small but significant value (Hedge's g = -0.392, p = .009) by working memory training. Subgroup analyses confirmed that the moderating effect of anxiety type, anxiety measurement and training environment were significant.
LIMITATIONS
These results should be considered with caution for the heterogeneity of training paradigms, participant population and types of anxiety assessed between studies. Further research is required to support these results.
CONCLUSIONS
Working memory training is a promising intervention to relieve anxiety symptoms.
Topics: Humans; Cognitive Training; Anxiety Disorders; Anxiety
PubMed: 36958492
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.045 -
Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Mar 2016Parents' verbal communication to their child, particularly the expression of fear-relevant information (e.g., attributions of threat to the environment), is considered... (Review)
Review
Parents' verbal communication to their child, particularly the expression of fear-relevant information (e.g., attributions of threat to the environment), is considered to play a key role in children's fears and anxiety. This review considers the extent to which parental verbal communication is associated with child anxiety by examining research that has employed objective observational methods. Using a systematic search strategy, we identified 15 studies that addressed this question. These studies provided some evidence that particular fear-relevant features of parental verbal communication are associated with child anxiety under certain conditions. However, the scope for drawing reliable, general conclusions was limited by extensive methodological variation between studies, particularly in terms of the features of parental verbal communication examined and the context in which communication took place, how child anxiety was measured, and inconsistent consideration of factors that may moderate the verbal communication-child anxiety relationship. We discuss ways in which future research can contribute to this developing evidence base and reduce further methodological inconsistency so as to inform interventions for children with anxiety problems.
Topics: Anxiety; Fear; Humans; Parent-Child Relations; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 26613935
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-015-0198-2 -
General Hospital Psychiatry 2016To evaluate the epidemiology of and postintensive care unit (ICU) interventions for anxiety symptoms after critical illness. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the epidemiology of and postintensive care unit (ICU) interventions for anxiety symptoms after critical illness.
METHODS
We searched five databases (1970-2015) to identify studies assessing anxiety symptoms in adult ICU survivors. Data from studies using the most common assessment instrument were meta-analyzed.
RESULTS
We identified 27 studies (2880 patients) among 27,334 citations. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A) subscale was the most common instrument (81% of studies). We pooled data at 2-3, 6 and 12-14month time-points, with anxiety symptom prevalences [HADS-A≥8, 95% confidence interval (CI)] of 32%(27-38%), 40%(33-46%) and 34%(25-42%), respectively. In a subset of studies with repeated assessments in the exact same patients, there was no significant change in anxiety score or prevalence over time. Age, gender, severity of illness, diagnosis and length of stay were not associated with anxiety symptoms. Psychiatric symptoms during admission and memories of in-ICU delusional experiences were potential risk factors. Physical rehabilitation and ICU diaries had potential benefit.
CONCLUSIONS
One third of ICU survivors experience anxiety symptoms that are persistent during their first year of recovery. Psychiatric symptoms during admission and memories of in-ICU delusional experiences were associated with post-ICU anxiety. Physical rehabilitation and ICU diaries merit further investigation as possible interventions.
Topics: Anxiety; Critical Illness; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Survivors
PubMed: 27796253
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.08.005 -
Environmental Research Dec 2020Exposure to transportation noise is hypothesized to contribute to anxiety, but consistent associations have not been established. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Exposure to transportation noise is hypothesized to contribute to anxiety, but consistent associations have not been established.
OBJECTIVE
To provide a comprehensive synthesis of the literature by examining associations between traffic-related noise (i.e., road traffic noise, railway noise, aircraft noise and mixed traffic noise) and anxiety.
METHODS
We systematically searched Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO for English-language observational studies published up to February 2020 reporting on the traffic noise-anxiety association. We appraised the risk of bias using an assessment tool and the quality of evidence following established guidelines. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed for pooled and separated traffic-related noise sources.
RESULTS
Of the 3575 studies identified, 11 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 9 studies were appropriate for meta-analysis. For the pooled overall effect size between transport noise and anxiety, we found 9% higher odds of anxiety associated with a 10 dB(A) increase in day-evening-night noise level (L), with moderate heterogeneity (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: [0.97; 1.23], I = 70%). The association was more likely to be significant with more severe anxiety (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: [1.01; 1.15], I = 48%). Sub-group analysis revealed that the effects of different noise sources on anxiety were inconsistent and insignificant. The quality of evidence was rated as very low to low.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings support the hypothesis of an association between traffic noise and more severe anxiety. More high-quality studies are needed to confirm associations between different noise types and anxiety, as well as to better understand underlying mechanisms.
Topics: Aircraft; Anxiety; Environmental Exposure; Noise, Transportation; Transportation
PubMed: 32835678
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110118