-
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and... Jun 2023People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) appear to be at an increased risk of sarcopenia, which can have a devastating effect on their life due to... (Review)
Review
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) appear to be at an increased risk of sarcopenia, which can have a devastating effect on their life due to consequences such as physical disability, poor quality of life, and finally death. This systematic review examined sarcopenia prevalence and its associated factors in PLWH. A systematic search was conducted using the keywords in the online databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane databases from the dates of inception up to May 2022. The retrieved articles underwent a two-step title/abstract and full-text review process, and the eligible papers were selected and included in the qualitative synthesis. Data relating to the study population, purpose of study, gender, age, race, body mass index, medical history, paraclinical results and antiretroviral therapy as associated factors of sarcopenia were extracted. In addition, the prevalence of sarcopenia in PLWH and its promoting and reducing factors were also extracted. We reviewed the 14 related studies for identifying of sarcopenia prevalence and its associated factors in PLWH. The total number of PLWH in all the reviewed studies was 2592. There was no criterion for the minimum number of people with HIV and the lowest number of PLWH was 27, and the highest number was 860. Some studies reported a significantly higher prevalence of sarcopenia in HIV-infected individuals compared with HIV-negative controls as follows: 24.2-6.7%, 15-4% and 10-6%, respectively. We showed that, age (30-50 years), being female, >5 years post-HIV diagnosis, multiple vertebral fractures, cocaine/heroin use and lower gamma-glutamyl transferase level were the main promoting factors of sarcopenia. Higher educational level, employment, physical exercise, calf circumference >31 cm, and gait speed >0.8 m/s were also factors to reduce sarcopenia. Sarcopenia prevalence in PLWH is higher than HIV-negative population. Given the importance and prevalence of sarcopenia among PLWH and its associated consequences (i.e., mortality and disability), determining its risk factors is of great importance.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Male; Sarcopenia; HIV; Prevalence; Quality of Life; HIV Infections
PubMed: 36929581
DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13212 -
The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2023Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of sarcopenic obesity, making it a critical focus for preventing and treating this condition. However,...
OBJECTIVES
Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of sarcopenic obesity, making it a critical focus for preventing and treating this condition. However, the specific dietary components that effectively combat sarcopenic obesity remain poorly understood. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the potential nutritional and dietary factors that may play a role in the development of sarcopenic obesity in the elderly population.
METHODS
To identify relevant studies investigating the association/effects of dietary pattern/single foods/nutrients or supplements with sarcopenic obesity-related outcomes, a comprehensive literature search was conducted until April 2023. The search encompassed multiple databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Two researchers performed rigorous assessments that included screening titles and abstracts, reviewing full-text studies, extracting data, and evaluating the quality of the studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for observational studies, while the Jadad-Oxford Scale was employed for clinical trials.
RESULTS
Twenty-three studies (14 observational studies and 9 trials) with 37078 participants, published between 2012 and 2022, were eligible for the systematic review. Of the 14 observational articles, two focused on dietary patterns and 12 on food/calorie/macro- and micronutrient intake. The nutritional interventions included the intake of supplements (i.e., protein, amino acids, tea catechin, and vitamin D) and dietary management (calorie restriction, very low-calorie ketogenic diet, and high-protein diet). Appropriate dietary factors, such as appropriate intake of calories, macronutrients, micronutrients, antioxidant nutrients, vegetables, fruits, and overall dietary quality, have been shown to be effective in preventing and treating sarcopenic obesity-related parameters. A combined approach of hypocaloric diet and high protein intake may be necessary for managing both obesity and sarcopenia in older individuals.
CONCLUSION
Studies suggest that dietary factors, such as overall dietary quality, appropriate intake of calories and protein, consumption of antioxidant nutrients, vegetables, fruits, and protein, may be linked to sarcopenic obesity.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Sarcopenia; Obesity; Diet, Reducing; Antioxidants; Fruit; Vegetables
PubMed: 37960907
DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1986-x -
Cerebrovascular Diseases (Basel,... 2009White matter lesions (WML) and brain atrophy are often found on MRI in the elderly. Shared vascular risk factors may be an explanation for their concomitance. However,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
White matter lesions (WML) and brain atrophy are often found on MRI in the elderly. Shared vascular risk factors may be an explanation for their concomitance. However, disturbances of white matter integrity could also be involved in the pathogenesis of brain atrophy. Our objective was to systematically review studies that investigated the relation between WML and brain atrophy on MRI, and to investigate whether there is sufficient evidence to indicate that this relation is independent of shared risk factors.
METHODS
We searched PubMed for studies published in English between 1980 and October 2007, combining search terms for WML and brain atrophy. Articles that studied the relation between WML and brain atrophy were included if they met the following criteria: (1) original study, (2) MRI used for imaging, (3) assessment methods for WML and brain atrophy specified, and (4) a sample size of at least 20 participants. We recorded type and age of the study population, type and assessment of WML and brain atrophy, and variables for which adjustments were made in the analyses.
RESULTS
We identified 48 studies that met our inclusion criteria. A significant relation between WML and brain atrophy was found in 37 out of 48 studies. The source of the study population (e.g. clinic or population based) did not affect this relation. However, only 10 studies adjusted for shared risk factors, of which 9 found an association.
CONCLUSIONS
The majority of studies found an association between WML and brain atrophy, but it is not yet clear if this association is independent of shared risk factors.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Atrophy; Brain; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cognition Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Sample Size; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 19571536
DOI: 10.1159/000226774 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2017The present systematic review is based on the premise that a variety of neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by grey matter atrophy in the brain and meditation... (Review)
Review
The present systematic review is based on the premise that a variety of neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by grey matter atrophy in the brain and meditation may impact this. Given that age is a major risk factor for many of these progressive and neurodegenerative diseases and that the percentage of the population over the age of 65 is quickly increasing, there is an obvious need for prompt treatment and prevention advances in research. As there is currently no cure for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, many are seeking non-pharmacological treatment options in attempts to offset the disease-related cognitive and functional declines. On the basis of a growing body of research suggesting that meditation is effective in increasing grey matter volume in healthy participants, this paper systematically reviewed the literature regarding the effects of meditation on restoring grey matter volume in healthy individuals and those affected by neurodegeneration. This review searched PubMed, CINAHL, and APA PsycNET to identify original studies that included MRI imaging to measure grey matter volume in meditators and post-mindfulness-based intervention participants compared to controls. Thirteen studies were considered eligible for review and involved a wide variety of meditation techniques and included participants with and without cognitive impairment. All studies reported significant increases in grey matter volume in the meditators/intervention group, albeit in assorted regions of the brain. Limited research exists on the mechanisms through which meditation affects disease-related neurodegeneration, but preliminary evidence suggests that it may offset grey matter atrophy.
Topics: Atrophy; Brain; Gray Matter; Humans; Meditation; Neurodegenerative Diseases
PubMed: 27983555
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-160899 -
Journal of the American Medical... Dec 2016Sarcopenia, a gradual loss of muscle mass and function, has been associated with poor health outcomes. Its correlation with another age-related degenerative process,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Sarcopenia, a gradual loss of muscle mass and function, has been associated with poor health outcomes. Its correlation with another age-related degenerative process, impaired cognition, remains uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to determine whether there is an association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment.
METHODS
PubMed and Scopus were searched for observational studies that investigated the association between sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction. Participants' demographics and measurements, definition of sarcopenia, and tools for evaluating cognitive function were retrieved. The correlations between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment were expressed as crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
Seven cross-sectional studies comprising 5994 participants were included. The crude and adjusted odds ratios were 2.926 (95% CI, 2.297-3.728) and 2.246 (95% CI, 1.210-4.168), respectively. The subgroup analysis showed that different target populations and sex specificity did not significantly modify the association, whereas the tools for evaluating cognitive function and modalities for measuring body composition did.
CONCLUSIONS
Sarcopenia was independently associated with cognitive impairment. Future cohort studies are warranted to clarify the causal correlation. The inclusion of relevant biomarkers and functional measurements is also recommended to elucidate the underlying biological mechanism.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Cognitive Dysfunction; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 27816484
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.09.013 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Dec 2023Sarcopenic obesity (SO), which refers to the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was first to assess the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Sarcopenic obesity (SO), which refers to the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was first to assess the prevalence of SO in patients with diabetes, and second, to evaluate possible adverse outcomes.
METHODS
This study was conducted in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the data were collated by means of meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. We comprehensively and systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Database from the establishment of the database to December 2022, and collected related studies on SO in patients with diabetes. Using Stata 16.0 software to pool the estimates for the prevalence of SO in patients with diabetes, and a descriptive systematic review of possible adverse outcomes was performed.
RESULTS
The prevalence of 20 included studies were pooled by a random-effects model, which showed that the prevalence of SO in patients with diabetes was 27%. Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of SO was higher among studies using BIA (24%) to assess muscle mass, and those focused on literature of moderate-quality (29%), being published from 2013 to 2016 (29%), female patients with diabetes (17%), North Americans (30%). SO in patients with diabetes can lead to adverse outcomes including decreased glomerular filtration rate, massive proteinuria, cognitive decline, and insulin resistance.
CONCLUSION
The systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a prevalence of 27% for SO in patients with diabetes, and it is associated with potential serious adverse outcomes. Therefore, we should attach importance to the screening of SO in patients with diabetes and early detection of susceptible groups, then selecting appropriate interventions to reduce the occurrence of it and various adverse outcomes in this demographic.
Topics: Humans; Female; Sarcopenia; Prevalence; Obesity; Diabetes Mellitus; Insulin Resistance
PubMed: 38056996
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.09.920 -
BMC Geriatrics Jan 2023Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between sarcopenia and the development of myocardial infarction. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between sarcopenia and the development of myocardial infarction.
METHODS
PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched for studies on the association between sarcopenia and myocardial infarction from their inception until November 26, 2022. The fixed-effects model was used to calculate the combined risk ratio (RR) of sarcopenia in patients with myocardial infarction. Sensitivity analysis was used to test the robust of the combined result, and funnel plot were used to test publication bias.
RESULTS
Five studies were included finally. There was no significant association between sarcopenia and risk of developing myocardial infarction [RR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.94, 1.08; P = 0.317]. The sensitivity analysis showed robust of the combined result. The funnel plot showed no significant publication bias.
CONCLUSION
Limited evidence suggests no definitive association between sarcopenia and risk of myocardial infarction.
Topics: Humans; Sarcopenia; Myocardial Infarction; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 36609231
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03712-1 -
Nutrients Apr 2023We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of whey protein supplementation in the functioning of the elderly with sarcopenia.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of whey protein supplementation in the functioning of the elderly with sarcopenia. The aim was to investigate the available scientific evidence and determine the best recommendations with respect to whey protein supplementation in sarcopenic patients. Methods: Databases, including CINAHL, Embase PubMed, and Web of Science, were searched from database inception until 31 December 2022 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of whey protein supplementation in the elderly with sarcopenia. Data on study design, risk of bias, patient, illness, and treatment characteristics from each study were independently extracted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The tool "assessing risk of bias" from the Cochrane Handbook was used to evaluate the quality of the included papers. Results: The search identified 629 records; 590 articles were excluded as duplicates or after evaluation at the title or abstract level. Out of 39 full-text articles that were reviewed, 29 were excluded for not fulfilling the inclusion criteria. There is some evidence that whey protein supplementation combined with age-appropriate physical exercise might improve muscle mass and lower limb function in the elderly with sarcopenia. The present meta-analysis demonstrated overall that whey supplementation does not improve any of the tested sarcopenia-linked parameters. However, we found that study duration (weeks) and age significantly affect the handgrip strength rate and the chair and stand test rate, respectively, so consideration should be given to oral supplementation combined with the age of participants and an appropriate physical activity as a form of sarcopenia prevention in the high-risk group.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Whey Proteins; Whey; Sarcopenia; Databases, Factual; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37432157
DOI: 10.3390/nu15092039 -
Ageing Research Reviews Jan 2024Biomarkers are emerging as a potential tool for screening or diagnosing sarcopenia. We aimed to summarize the current evidence on the diagnostic test accuracy of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Biomarkers are emerging as a potential tool for screening or diagnosing sarcopenia. We aimed to summarize the current evidence on the diagnostic test accuracy of biomarkers for sarcopenia. We comprehensively searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to January 2023 and only included diagnostic test accuracy studies. We identified 32 studies with 23,840 participants (women, 58.26%) that assessed a total of 30 biomarkers. The serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio (Cr/CysC) demonstrated a pooled sensitivity ranging from 51% (95% confidence interval [CI] 44-59%) to 86% (95% CI 70-95%) and a pooled specificity ranged from 55% (95% CI 38-70%) to 76% (95% CI 63-86%) for diagnosing sarcopenia defined by five different diagnostic criteria (11 studies, 7240 participants). The aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 62% (95% CI 56-67%) and a pooled specificity of 66% (95% CI 60-72%) (3 studies, 11,146 participants). The other 28 blood biomarkers exhibited low-to-moderate diagnostic accuracy for sarcopenia regardless of the reference standards. In conclusion, none of these biomarkers are optimal for screening or diagnosing sarcopenia. Well-designed studies are needed to explore and validate novel biomarkers for sarcopenia.
Topics: Humans; Female; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sarcopenia; Biomarkers; Diagnostic Tests, Routine
PubMed: 38036104
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102148 -
The association between brain volume loss and disability in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Jun 2023Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating, degenerative disease of the central nervous system that affects approximately 2.8 million people... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating, degenerative disease of the central nervous system that affects approximately 2.8 million people worldwide. Compelling evidence from observational studies and clinical trials indicates a strong association between brain volume loss (BVL) and the accumulation of disability in MS. However, the considerable heterogeneity in study designs and methods of assessment of BVL invites questions concerning the generalizability of the reported findings. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review to characterize the relationship between BVL and physical disability in patients with MS.
METHODS
A systematic literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed supplemented by gray literature searches. The following study designs were included: prospective/retrospective cohort, cross-sectional and case-control. Only English language articles published from 2010 onwards were eligible for final inclusion. There were no restrictions on MS subtype, age, or ethnicity. Of the 1620 citations retrieved by the structured searches, 50 publications met our screening criteria and were included in the final data set.
RESULTS
Across all BVL measures, there was considerable heterogeneity in studies regarding the underlying study population, the definitions of BVL and image analysis methodologies, the physical disability measure used, the measures of association reported and whether the analysis conducted was univariable or multivariable. A total of 36 primary studies providing data on the association between whole BVL and physical disability in MS collectively suggest that whole brain atrophy is associated with greater physical disability progression in MS patients. Similarly, a total of 15 primary studies providing data on the association between ventricular atrophy and physical disability in MS suggest that ventricular atrophy is associated with greater physical disability progression in MS patients. Along similar lines, the existing evidence based on a total of 13 primary studies suggests that gray matter atrophy is associated with greater physical disability progression in MS patients. Four primary studies suggest that corpus callosum atrophy is associated with greater physical disability progression in MS patients. The majority of the existing evidence (6 primary studies) suggests no association between white matter atrophy and physical disability in MS. It is difficult to assign a relationship between basal ganglia volume loss and physical disability as well as medulla oblongata width and physical disability in MS due to very limited data.
CONCLUSION
The evidence gathered from this systematic review, although very heterogeneous, suggests that whole brain atrophy is associated with greater physical disability progression in MS patients. Our review can help define future imaging biomarkers for physical disability progression and treatment monitoring in MS.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Retrospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain; Atrophy
PubMed: 37068369
DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104714