-
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2014Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, associated with a progressive decline in behavior caused by focal degeneration of the frontal lobes.... (Review)
Review
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, associated with a progressive decline in behavior caused by focal degeneration of the frontal lobes. Psychosis was an underestimated symptom of FTD, however, recent genetic research has revealed a high prevalence of psychosis in certain genetic groups. The primary objective of this work is to review the literature on psychosis in FTD and to propose directions for future research, with reference to findings on psychosis in schizophrenia. A search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Search terms included "frontotemporal dementia", "psychosis", "schizophreni*", "psychotic symptoms", "hallucinations", and "delusions", and it identified 122 articles. Results revealed: 1) prevalence is approximately 10%, 2) TDP-43 type B and FUS pathologies might have relatively high frequency of psychosis, 3) psychosis in FTD is higher with genetic mutations of C9ORF72 and GRN, 4) imaging researches did not achieve conclusive results, and 5) no treatment for psychosis in FTD is currently available. A limitation of this systematic review is that it includes a small number of studies specifically examining psychosis in FTD. It is suggested that a possible overlap exists between FTD and schizophrenia. This potential overlap indicates a vulnerability to psychosis due to brain systems and pathways shared by these disorders.
Topics: C9orf72 Protein; Databases, Bibliographic; Frontotemporal Dementia; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Progranulins; Proteins; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 24898651
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-140312 -
Substance Use & Misuse 2019The psychiatric symptom profile of methamphetamine-associated psychosis (MAP) has varied considerably across studies of different research designs. We performed a...
OBJECTIVES
The psychiatric symptom profile of methamphetamine-associated psychosis (MAP) has varied considerably across studies of different research designs. We performed a systematic review to examine the available evidence for specific psychotic symptoms associated with MAP, including the clinical course and longitudinal changes in this symptom profile.
METHODS
Five key electronic databases were searched to identify studies that examined the symptom profile or clinical course of MAP in individuals identified as having MAP. The reporting of specific psychiatric symptoms, and duration of symptoms where available, was recorded for each study.
RESULTS
Ninety-four articles were identified (n = 7387), including case-control (k = 29), cross-sectional (k = 20), experimental (k = 6), case report (k = 29), and longitudinal (k = 20) studies. Persecutory delusions, auditory and visual auditory hallucinations were by far the most commonly reported symptoms (reported in 65-84% of studies). Hostility, conceptual disorganization, and depression were reported in a large proportion of studies (31-53%). Negative symptoms were mostly absent (<20%). The median percentage of participants with persistent psychotic symptoms (>1 month duration) across studies was 25% (excluding case reports).
CONCLUSION
Persecutory delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations, hostility, depression and conceptual disorganization are central to MAP, whereas negative psychotic symptoms are typically absent. An overrepresentation of institutionalized or male participants may have overemphasized negative symptoms and underreported affective symptoms in past research. Symptoms of MAP may persist beyond one month after drug cessation in some individuals. Clinicians are encouraged to manage affective symptoms in MAP individuals, and monitor for the development of chronic psychotic symptoms.
Topics: Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Humans; Methamphetamine; Psychoses, Substance-Induced
PubMed: 30693832
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1521430 -
Human Psychopharmacology Jul 2013The use of synthetic cannabimimetics (SC; "spice" drugs) is increasing, especially among teenagers and young adults. In parallel with this, the number of studies... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The use of synthetic cannabimimetics (SC; "spice" drugs) is increasing, especially among teenagers and young adults. In parallel with this, the number of studies describing intoxication episodes associated with psychotic symptoms in SC users is growing. We present both a systematic review of the related literature and a case report, which seems to highlight the existence of a possible association between SC use and psychosis.
METHODS
Some 223 relevant studies were here identified and reviewed. Out of these, 120 full text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 41 were finally included in the systematic review.
RESULTS
According to the available data from the studies here identified, SC's average age of users was 22.97 years, and the male/female ratio was 3.16:1. SC compounds most often reported in studies using biological specimen analysis were JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-122, CP-47,497, and JWH-250. Mounting evidence seemed to suggest that psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions may occur in acute/chronic SC users.
CONCLUSIONS
Although a clear causal link may not be here identified, the available evidence suggests that SC can trigger the onset of acute psychosis in vulnerable individuals and/or the exacerbation of psychotic episodes in those with a previous psychiatric history.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabinoids; Female; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Marijuana Smoking; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Young Adult
PubMed: 23881886
DOI: 10.1002/hup.2312 -
General Hospital Psychiatry 2024To improve understanding of Capgras syndrome (CS) in the pediatric population, this study investigates its clinical features and discerns similarities and differences...
OBJECTIVES
To improve understanding of Capgras syndrome (CS) in the pediatric population, this study investigates its clinical features and discerns similarities and differences compared to CS in adults.
METHODS
We conducted a descriptive systematic review of case reports following PRISMA guidelines, including cases of pediatric patients with CS. Patient demographics, medical and psychiatric history, imposter identity, underlying diagnosis, clinical manifestation, treatments, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed.
RESULTS
We included 37 articles comprising 38 cases. The median age of patients was 15, with 23 (60.5%) being male. The most prevalent underlying diagnoses were schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (47.3%). Imposter identity involved parents in 32 cases (84.2%). Associated symptoms included persecutory delusions (63.1%), auditory hallucinations (42.1%), aggression (31.5%), and depression (21.0%).
CONCLUSION
There is a significant gap in our understanding of CS, particularly in pediatric patients. This is the first systematic review of CS in pediatric patients, encompassing all cases found in English literature since 1923.
Topics: Humans; Capgras Syndrome; Child; Adolescent; Male; Female
PubMed: 38718719
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.05.003 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Dec 2023Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an innovative noninvasive technique in brain stimulation that involves applying a low-intensity electrical current... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an innovative noninvasive technique in brain stimulation that involves applying a low-intensity electrical current to the scalp. And increasing evidence has revealed its potential in schizophrenia treatment.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tACS as a novel neurostimulation technique for improving cognitive impairment and alleviating psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Additionally, this review attempted to explore the impact of stimulation parameters on the effectiveness of tACS treatment.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted across five databases, including Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO, to identify studies investigating the use of tACS in schizophrenia. Only studies that involved the experimental use of tACS in patients with schizophrenia were included in this review.
RESULTS
Nineteen studies were included in this review. The most frequently used current intensities were 2 mA and 1 mA, and the most commonly used frequencies were alpha (10 Hz), theta (4.5 Hz and 6 Hz), and gamma (40 Hz). Some studies showed that tACS may have a potential therapeutic effect by improving cognitive functions in various cognitive domains and/or ameliorating negative symptoms, hallucinations, and delusions in patients with schizophrenia, while others showed no significant change. These studies also implicated that tACS treatment is safe and well tolerated.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, this systematic review suggests that tACS has promise as a novel, effective, and adjunctive treatment approach for treating schizophrenia. Future research is needed to determine the optimal parameters of tACS for treating this complex disorder.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; Hallucinations; Cognition
PubMed: 37897837
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.021 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Aug 2018Childhood trauma is a risk factor for the development of psychosis. Furthermore, a number of theories propose specific mechanisms by which childhood trauma may... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Childhood trauma is a risk factor for the development of psychosis. Furthermore, a number of theories propose specific mechanisms by which childhood trauma may contribute to more severe positive and negative psychotic symptoms, some of which are supported empirically. The robustness of this empirical evidence is unclear due to mixed results and methodological limitations of individual studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for associations between childhood trauma and severity of hallucinations, delusions, and negative psychotic symptoms in clinical populations with a diagnosed psychotic disorder is needed.
METHOD
A systematic search was conducted. Reference lists of relevant review articles were hand-searched, and authors contacted for data and additional unpublished studies. Study reporting bias and quality was assessed.
RESULTS
In total, 6667 studies were identified and of these 41 studies met inclusion criteria. Of these, 29 studies (4680 participants) were meta-analyzed. Among individuals with psychosis, childhood trauma was significantly correlated with severity of hallucinations (r = .199, P < .001) and delusions (r = .172, P < .001) but contrary to our hypothesis, not correlated with severity of negative symptoms (r = .049, P = .095). Severity of childhood neglect was correlated with negative symptoms (r = .142, P = .005).
CONCLUSION
The results lend support for cognitive and biological theories that traumas in childhood may lead to hallucinations and delusions within psychotic disorders and have important implications for clinical practice.
Topics: Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events; Delusions; Hallucinations; Humans; Psychological Trauma; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 29301025
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx161 -
The International Journal of Social... Mar 2023Schizoaffective psychosis is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder defined by the presence of mood symptoms, like mania and/or depression and schizophrenia, such as... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Schizoaffective psychosis is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder defined by the presence of mood symptoms, like mania and/or depression and schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and/or delusions.
AIMS
We aim to find out whether there is a correlation between schizoaffective psychosis and being homeless.
METHOD
To do so, a literature search was carried out in the PubMed platform in April 2022, using the keywords 'schizoaffective' and 'homeless'.
RESULTS
In this review, 28 articles from this search were included. Intrinsic characteristics, rates of psychiatric readmission, prediction of homelessness, medication noncompliance, and substance use were explored, as they were the main themes of the results.
CONCLUSIONS
The homeless population suffers from great diagnostic variability and the diagnosis schizoaffective psychosis is still evolving contributing to such diagnostic and treatment difficulties. Their frequent visits to the healthcare services, especially emergency room leads to consequent interaction with multiple healthcare professionals, resulting in a myriad of diagnoses, with clinical remission and therapeutic goals not being attained. More studies are necessary for a better evaluation of this super difficult population.
Topics: Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Hallucinations; Ill-Housed Persons
PubMed: 36317594
DOI: 10.1177/00207640221131247 -
Psychiatria Polska 2016The aim of this paper is to review results of studies on the effectiveness of metacognitive training (MCT) for patients with schizophrenia in reduction of psychotic... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this paper is to review results of studies on the effectiveness of metacognitive training (MCT) for patients with schizophrenia in reduction of psychotic symptoms and cognitive biases. Furthermore, other variables, like social functioning, insight and neurocognitive functions, are analyzed.
METHODS
Systematic search in databases PubMed, EBSCO, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PsycINFO regarding studies on the effectiveness of the MCT was made. The review included 14 studies published in years 2009-2015, in which design of the study made comparison between MCT group and control group possible.
RESULTS
Combined number of patients in MCT group was 354 and 355 in control group. The largest effect size was obtained for severity of delusions (d < 0.23; 1 >), especially reduction of conviction and distress of delusional beliefs. An effect size regarding negative symptoms reduction was small. Large effect size was observed for insight improvement (d < 0.45; 1.32 >). Positive impact of MCT on cognitive biases severity (d < 0.21; 0.83 >, especially jumping to conclusions) and improvement in some aspects of neurocognitive functions was observed (d < 0.2; 0.63 >). There was no improvement in social functioning of patients in MCT group. Follow-up studies show sustainability in symptoms improvement lasting at least 6 months.
CONCLUSIONS
MCT is an effective form of therapy in reduction of delusions, cognitive biases related to schizophrenia and improvement of insight. Relatively easy accessibility and sustainability of therapeutic effects indicates that MCT can by effectively used in therapy of schizophrenia. To enhance training efficacy, especially in patients' general functioning, combining it with others forms of therapy is to be considered.
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Delusions; Female; Humans; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychotherapy, Group; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27847929
DOI: 10.12740/PP/59113 -
Aging & Mental Health Jul 2010It has been suggested that challenging behaviour in people with dementia reflects a person's pre-morbid personality traits and a number of studies have explored this... (Review)
Review
It has been suggested that challenging behaviour in people with dementia reflects a person's pre-morbid personality traits and a number of studies have explored this hypothesis. However, inconsistencies in outcome between studies suggest a need to review the available evidence systematically. As a result, major bibliographic databases were searched for studies examining the relationship between pre-morbid personality and challenging behaviour in order to conduct a systematic review. We included all English language studies published in referenced journals that assessed pre-morbid personality via a valid comprehensive personality measure, and also explored a relationship with challenging behaviour in people with dementia. A total of 18 studies were identified that covered a wide range of challenging behaviours including 'wandering', affective states, aggression, anxiety and delusions/hallucinations. Studies were assessed for their methodological quality and statistical findings. Studies lacked representative samples, were affected by confounding variables and suffered from small sample sizes. However, 72% of the studies reported significant relationships between pre-morbid personality and behaviour. In terms of specific relationships, the strongest evidence was found for a positive relationship between pre-morbid neuroticism and mood, and aggression and overall behavioural acts, thus supporting the inclusion of personality as one factor in the formulation of behaviour (Ballard, C., O'Brien, J., James, I., & Swann, A. (2001). Dementia: Management of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Kitwood, T. (1993). Person and process in dementia: Editorial. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1, 541-545).
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Behavior; Dementia; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Personality
PubMed: 20480417
DOI: 10.1080/13607861003713208 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Nov 2015People with schizophrenia typically experience auditory hallucinations or delusions during acute episodes. Although effective drug treatments are available, many have... (Review)
Review
People with schizophrenia typically experience auditory hallucinations or delusions during acute episodes. Although effective drug treatments are available, many have intractable symptoms that do not recover between acute episodes. One proposed alternative to drug treatments is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). To date, many research trials to assess effectiveness of TMS for people with symptoms of schizophrenia have been conducted worldwide. However, there is a lack of consensus on whether TMS should be recommended to be adopted in routine clinical practice. We conducted a systematic review of the literature for all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TMS with sham or standard treatment. Forty-one trials (1473 participants) survived eligibility criteria and had extractable data. We found significant differences in favor of temporoparietal TMS compared with sham TMS for global state (7 RCTs, n = 224, MD: -0.5, 95% CI: -0.76 to -0.23) and for positive symptoms measured on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (5 RCTs, n = 127, MD: -6.09, 95% CI: -10.95 to -1.22). However, we also found that the quality of trial reporting was frequently suboptimal and the risks of bias were strong or unascertainable for many trial aspects; this led to many results being graded as very low-quality evidence. On that basis, we were unable to definitively support or refute the routine use of TMS in clinical practice. Future definitive trials of TMS with rigorous processes and high-quality reporting are needed.
Topics: Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Schizophrenia; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
PubMed: 26392626
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv121