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Pharmaceutics Mar 2023Dendrimers are nanoscale-size polymers with a globular structure. They are composed of an internal core and branching dendrons with surface active groups which can be... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dendrimers are nanoscale-size polymers with a globular structure. They are composed of an internal core and branching dendrons with surface active groups which can be functionalized for medical applications. Different complexes have been developed for imaging and therapeutic purposes. This systematic review aims to summarize the development of newer dendrimers for oncological applications in nuclear medicine.
METHODS
An online literature search was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web Of Science databases selecting published studies from January 1999 to December 2022. The accepted studies considered the synthesis of dendrimer complexes for oncological nuclear medicine imaging and therapy.
RESULTS
111 articles were identified; 69 articles were excluded because they did not satisfy the selection criteria. Thus, nine duplicate records were removed. The remaining 33 articles were included and selected for quality assessment.
CONCLUSION
Nanomedicine has led researchers to create novel nanocarriers with high affinity for the target. Dendrimers represent feasible imaging probes and therapeutic agents since, through the functionalization of external chemical groups and thanks to the possibility to carry pharmaceuticals, it can be possible to exploit different therapeutic strategies and develop a useful weapon for oncological treatments.
PubMed: 36986728
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030867 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Feb 2014The purpose of this study was to investigate the evaluation of the biomedical effectiveness of poly(amido)amine dendrimers generation 4.0 (PAMAM G4) as a drug and as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The purpose of this study was to investigate the evaluation of the biomedical effectiveness of poly(amido)amine dendrimers generation 4.0 (PAMAM G4) as a drug and as drug carriers by a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis. The results obtained from meta-analysis concluded that drug therapy reduces the change of parameters in relation to the control. The impact of the drug administered to change the test parameters are dependent on the type of tissue. PAMAM G4 may be effective in vitro and in vivo as a drug and drug carriers and may have appropriate applications in various fields of medicine. PAMAM G4 dendrimers hold promises for nanomedicine.
Topics: Animals; Dendrimers; Drug Carriers; Humans; Nanomedicine; Nylons
PubMed: 24374222
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.12.033 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021Researchers have developed novel nanocomposites that incorporate additional biomaterials with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) in order to reduce secondary... (Review)
Review
Researchers have developed novel nanocomposites that incorporate additional biomaterials with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) in order to reduce secondary caries. The aim of this review was to summarize the current literature and assess the synergistic antibacterial and remineralizing effects that may contribute to the prevention of secondary caries. An electronic search was undertaken in MEDLINE using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane databases. The initial search identified 954 papers. After the removal of duplicates and screening the titles and abstracts, 15 articles were eligible for this review. The amalgamation of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with DMAHDM resulted in increased antibacterial potency. The addition of nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) resulted in improved remineralization potential. Further clinical studies need to be planned to explore the antibacterial and remineralizing properties of these novel composites for clinical success.
PubMed: 33808198
DOI: 10.3390/ma14071688 -
Animal Reproduction Science Oct 2023Cryopreservation is a widely used technique to store spermatozoa for a long time. Some Published articles have identified the cryoprotective effect of nanoparticles on... (Review)
Review
Cryopreservation is a widely used technique to store spermatozoa for a long time. Some Published articles have identified the cryoprotective effect of nanoparticles on sperm quality after the freeze-thaw process, but others have suggested the opposite results. PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched in animal studies by ("sperm" OR "spermatozoa") AND ("cryopreservation" OR "cooling storage" OR "freezing" OR "thawing") AND ("nanoparticle (lecithin nanoparticle, selenium nanoparticle, zinc nanoparticle, zinc oxide nanoparticle, nanoliposome, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN), micelle, hydrogel, nanogel, silica nanoparticle, quantum dot, dendrimer, gold (Au) nanoparticle, silver nanoparticle, nanocomposite and mesoporous)"). Among 154 publications, data on sperm quality were extracted from 11 articles. The meta-analysis results demonstrated that nanoparticles had a positive impact on sperm progressive motility (WMD= 9.72, 95 % CI: 4.70, 14.75, p < 0.0001), total motility (WMD= 6.78, 95 % CI: 0.78, 12.78, p = 0.027), viability (WMD= 14.30, 95 % CI: 9.48, 19.13, p < 0.0001) and plasma membrane integrity (WMD = 13.74, 95 % CI: 8.20, 19.29, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, our results indicated the positive effects of nanoparticles as cryoprotectant agents on post-thawed sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity.
PubMed: 37666048
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107323 -
Biomolecules Aug 2023Following previously published systematic reviews on the diagnostic use of nanoparticles (NPs), in this manuscript, we report published methods for radiolabeling... (Review)
Review
Following previously published systematic reviews on the diagnostic use of nanoparticles (NPs), in this manuscript, we report published methods for radiolabeling nanoparticles with therapeutic alpha-emitting, beta-emitting, or Auger's electron-emitting isotopes. After analyzing 234 papers, we found that different methods were used with the same isotope and the same type of nanoparticle. The most common type of nanoparticles used are the PLGA and PAMAM nanoparticles, and the most commonly used therapeutic isotope is Lu. Regarding labeling methods, the direct encapsulation of the isotope resulted in the most reliable and reproducible technique. Radiolabeled nanoparticles show promising results in metastatic breast and lung cancer, although this field of research needs more clinical studies, mainly on the comparison of nanoparticles with chemotherapy.
Topics: Dendrimers; Isotope Labeling; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Radioisotopes
PubMed: 37627307
DOI: 10.3390/biom13081241 -
Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug... 2017The combination of nanocarriers and biological molecules is of intense interest because of the synergistic properties offered by such newly synthesized composites.... (Review)
Review
The combination of nanocarriers and biological molecules is of intense interest because of the synergistic properties offered by such newly synthesized composites. Heparin conjugated to nanomaterials has recently been investigated for its beneficial chemical and biological properties and its capacity to improve the biocompatibility of nanocarriers, increasing their performance in various biological applications. A variety of recent research combines heparin and nanomaterials for a myriad of uses. For example, heparin has been conjugated to the surface of magnetic and metallic nanoparticles, biodegradable and nondegradable synthetic polymers, nanocomposites, dendrimers, and the like. It has also been incorporated into nanocarriers. There are numerous possibilities for material composites and chemistries that incorporate heparin. These open the door for a range of novel applications, including improving anticoagulant activity, anticancer and antitubercular therapy, tissue engineering, and biosensors. This review examines the different possibilities of heparin-based nanocarriers and their medicinal or biological applications.
Topics: Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Heparin; Humans; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 28322139
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2017016794 -
The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Aug 2009Dendrimers by virtue of their therapeutic value have recently generated enormous interest among biomedical scientists. This review describes the therapeutic prospects of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Dendrimers by virtue of their therapeutic value have recently generated enormous interest among biomedical scientists. This review describes the therapeutic prospects of the dendrimer system.
KEY FINDINGS
Their bioactivity suggests them to be promising therapeutic agents, especially in wound healing, bone mineralisation, cartilage formation and tissue repair, and in topical treatments to prevent HIV transmission. Findings also demonstrate their potential as anti-prion, anti-Alzheimer's, anticoagulant, antidote, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. One of the dendrimer-based formulations with activity against herpes simplex virus (VivaGel from Starpharma) has successfully completed phase I clinical trials and is expected to be available on the market soon.
SUMMARY
All reports cited in this review demonstrate the use of dendrimers as medical therapeutics in different ailments. The review focuses on the current state of therapeutic potential of the dendrimer system.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dendrimers; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Design; Humans
PubMed: 19703342
DOI: 10.1211/jpp/61.08.0002 -
American Journal of Cancer Research 2023Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the major pathological type of head and neck cancer (HNC). The disease ranks sixth among the most common malignancies... (Review)
Review
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the major pathological type of head and neck cancer (HNC). The disease ranks sixth among the most common malignancies worldwide, with an increasing incidence rate yearly. Despite the development of therapy, the prognosis of HNSCC remains unsatisfactory, which may be attributed to the resistance to traditional radio-chemotherapy, relapse, and metastasis. To improve the diagnosis and treatment, the targeted therapy for HNSCC may be successful as that for some other tumors. Nanocarriers are the most effective system to deliver the anti-cancerous agent at the site of interest using passive or active targeting approaches. The system enhances the drug concentration in HCN target cells, increases retention, and reduces toxicity to normal cells. Among the different techniques in nanotechnology, quantum dots (QDs) possess multiple fluorescent colors emissions under single-source excitation and size-tunable light emission. Dendrimers are the most attractive nanocarriers, which possess the desired properties of drug retention, release, unaffecting by the immune system, blood circulation time enhancing, and cells or organs specific targeting properties. In this review, we have discussed the up-to-date knowledge of the Cancer Stem Cells of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Although a lot of data is available, still much more efforts remain to be made to improve the treatment of HNSCC.
PubMed: 37818051
DOI: No ID Found -
Nanotoxicology Apr 2024Amphotericin B (AmB) is a broad-spectrum therapeutic and effective drug, but it has serious side effects of toxicity and solubility. Therefore, reducing its toxicity... (Review)
Review
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a broad-spectrum therapeutic and effective drug, but it has serious side effects of toxicity and solubility. Therefore, reducing its toxicity should be considered in therapeutic applications. Nanotechnology has paved the way to improve drug delivery systems and reduce toxicity. The present study, for the first time, comprehensively reviews the studies from 2011 to 2023 on reducing the toxicity of AmB. The findings showed that loading AmB with micellar structures, nanostructured lipid carriers, liposomes, emulsions, poly lactide-co-glycolide acid, chitosan, dendrimers, and other polymeric nanoparticles increases the biocompatibility and efficacy of the drug and significantly reduces toxicity. In addition, modified carbon nanoparticles (including graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots) with positively charged amine groups, PEI, and other components showed favorable drug delivery properties. Uncoated and coated magnetic nanoparticles and silver NPs-AmB composites had less cytotoxicity and more antifungal activity than free AmB. Citrate-reduced GNPs and lipoic acid-functionalized GNPs were also effective nanocarriers to reduce AmB cytotoxicity and improve anti-leishmania efficacy. In addition, zinc oxide-NPs and PEGylated zinc oxide-NPs showed favorable antifungal activity and negligible toxicity. According to a review study, carbon-based nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, and especially polymer nanoparticles caused some reduction in the toxicity and improved solubility of AmB in water. Overall, considering the discussed nanocarriers, further research on the application of nanotechnology as a cost-effective candidate to improve the efficiency and reduce the cytotoxicity of AmB is recommended.
PubMed: 38646931
DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2340467 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2020Glioblastoma (GB) is a grade IV astrocytoma that maintains a poor prognosis with respect to current treatment options. Despite major advancements in the fields of...
Glioblastoma (GB) is a grade IV astrocytoma that maintains a poor prognosis with respect to current treatment options. Despite major advancements in the fields of surgery and chemoradiotherapy over the last few decades, the life expectancy for someone with glioblastoma remains virtually unchanged and warrants a new approach for treatment. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are a type of nanomolecule that ranges in size (between 1 and 100 nm) and shape and can offer a new viable solution for the treatment of intracranial tumors, including glioblastoma. Their ability to deliver a variety of therapeutic cargo and penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), while preserving low cytotoxicity, make them a favorable candidate for further investigation into the treatment of glioblastoma. Here, we present a systematic review of the current advancements in PAMAM dendrimer technology, including the wide spectrum of dendrimer generations formulated, surface modifications, core modifications, and conjugations developed thus far to enhance tumor specificity and tumor penetration for treatment of glioblastoma. Furthermore, we highlight the extensive variety of therapeutics capable of delivery by PAMAM dendrimers for the treatment of glioblastoma, including cytokines, peptides, drugs, siRNAs, miRNAs, and organic polyphenols. While there have been prolific results stemming from aggressive research into the field of dendrimer technology, there remains a nearly inexhaustible amount of questions that remain unanswered. Nevertheless, this technology is rapidly developing and is nearing the cusp of use for aggressive tumor treatment. To that end, we further highlight future prospects in focus as researchers continue developing more optimal vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic cargo.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Neoplasms; Dendrimers; Drug Delivery Systems; Glioblastoma; Humans
PubMed: 32368055
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S243155