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Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Nov 2017Autologous dentritic cell immunotherapy has been proven effective in treating tumors outside the central nervous system. Current evidence from phase I and II trials... (Review)
Review
Autologous dentritic cell immunotherapy has been proven effective in treating tumors outside the central nervous system. Current evidence from phase I and II trials suggest a similar efficacy for central nervous system tumors as well and that an active immune response against these tumors can be generated. We aim to review the literature to identify the types of immune responses against gliomas found to be generated by dendritic cell vaccinations and the types of immune cells subsequently infiltrating the glioma microenvironment. A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching the online databases PubMEd, Google Scholar, and EMBASE with use of the keywords intratumoral, infiltration, lymphocytic, vaccination and gliomas. Seven studies reporting lymphocytic infiltration of gliomas microenvironment were identified. Three studies (42.8%) reported presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in 50%, 50% and 28.6% of included patients respectively in the post-vaccination specimens that were not present in the pre-vaccination samples. The remaining 4 (57.2%) reported an up to 6-fold increase in the number of pre-existing lymphocytes following vaccination. Present data indicate that tumor infiltration by lymphocytes can be induced by dentritic cell immunotherapy and that this may positively affect clinical outcome. It still remains unclear which factors influence the above reaction and therefore prediction of response to treatment is still not possible.
Topics: Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Dendritic Cells; Flow Cytometry; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Humans; Immunotherapy; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Mice; Tumor Microenvironment; Vaccination
PubMed: 28362548
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1303582 -
F1000Research 2018Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease with significant morbidity and impact on quality of life. Our understanding of the pathophysiology is...
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease with significant morbidity and impact on quality of life. Our understanding of the pathophysiology is incomplete, impairing efforts to develop novel therapeutic targets. Immunohistochemistry studies have produced conflicting results and no systematic evaluation of study methods and results has been undertaken to date. This systematic review aimed to collate and describe all reports of immunohistochemical staining in HS. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO and conducted in line with the PRISMA reporting guidelines. Potential bias was assessed using the NIH Criteria and antibodies used across various studies were tabulated and compared. : A total of 22 articles were identified describing results from 494 HS patients and 168 controls. 87 unique immunohistochemical targets were identified. The overall quality of studies was sub-optimal with staining intensity confounded by active treatment. Conflicting data was identified and able to be reconciled through critical evaluation of the study methodology. : Keratinocyte hyperplasia with loss of cytokeratin markers co-localizes with inflammation comprising of dendritic Cells, T-lymphocytes and macrophages, which are known to play central roles in inflammation in HS. Primary follicular occlusion as a pathogenic paradigm and the principal driver of HS is unclear based upon the findings of this review. Inflammation as a primary driver of disease with secondary hyperkeratosis and follicular occlusion is more consistent with the current published data.
Topics: Animals; Desmocollins; Female; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Hyperplasia; Inflammation; Keratosis; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice; Quality of Life; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
PubMed: 31281635
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17268.2 -
Neurological Sciences : Official... Jun 2024High-grade gliomas (HGGs) constitute the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis despite the standard multimodal therapy. In recent years,... (Review)
Review
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) constitute the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis despite the standard multimodal therapy. In recent years, immunotherapy has changed the prognosis of many cancers, increasing the hope for HGG therapy. We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases to include relevant studies. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Fifty-two papers were finally included (44 phase II and eight phase III clinical trials) and further divided into four different subgroups: 14 peptide vaccine trials, 15 dendritic cell vaccination (DCV) trials, six immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) trials, and 17 miscellaneous group trials that included both "active" and "passive" immunotherapies. In the last decade, immunotherapy created great hope to increase the survival of patients affected by HGGs; however, it has yielded mostly dismal results in the setting of phase III clinical trials. An in-depth analysis of these clinical results provides clues about common patterns that have led to failures at the clinical level and helps shape the perspective for the next generation of immunotherapies in neuro-oncology.
Topics: Humans; Glioma; Immunotherapy; Brain Neoplasms; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
PubMed: 38308708
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07350-w -
Journal of Evidence-based Medicine Aug 2013Postoperative infections and rejection are the main limiting factors of small intestine allograft survival. In this study, we performed a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Postoperative infections and rejection are the main limiting factors of small intestine allograft survival. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to review rat small intestine allograft survival following infusion of tolerance dendritic cells (Tol-DCs) induced by different methods.
METHODS
Relevant publications were searched from PubMed database and EMbase database. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software. We chose allograft survival, mixed leukocyte reaction, Th1/Th2 differentiation, Treg induction, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity as the outcomes by which to examine possible mechanisms that promote survival.
RESULTS
Eleven suitable articles were identified and assessed. Tol-DCs induced by four methods all prolonged allograft survival. The difference in survival time between the Tol-DC group and the control group was indicated by SMD as follows: drug intervention (SMD = 3.02, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.88, P = 0.001), gene modification (SMD = 2.43, 95% CI 1.77 to 3.10, P < 0.00001), imDC (SMD = 1.76, 95% CI 0.90 to 2.62, P < 0.0001), cytokine induction (SMD = 1.68, 95% CI 0.40 to 2.96, P = 0.01). Tol-DCs were also synergistic with immunosuppressive drugs or costimulation inhibitors, but no immune tolerance was observed. A single-dose intravenous injection of 5×10(6) to 6×10(6) Tol-DCs showed the highest allograft survival. Possible mechanisms included donor-specific T-cell hyporesponsiveness and Th2 differentiation.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrated that Tol-DCs induced by four methods prolong rat small intestine allograft survival. Intravenous infusion of 5×10(6) to 6×10(6) Tol-DCs was the optimum dose in rat small intestine transplantation. Immunosuppressive or costimulatory blockade was synergistic with Tol-DC on graft survival. Additional high-quality studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better investigate small intestinal graft longer term survival.
Topics: Adoptive Transfer; Animals; Dendritic Cells; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Graft Survival; Immune Tolerance; Intestine, Small; Publication Bias; Rats
PubMed: 24325375
DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12050 -
Therapeutic Advances in Urology Feb 2017Renal cell cancer (RCC) is the tenth most common malignancy in adults. In recent years, several approaches of active and passive immunotherapy have been studied... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Renal cell cancer (RCC) is the tenth most common malignancy in adults. In recent years, several approaches of active and passive immunotherapy have been studied extensively in clinical trials of patients with RCC. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the clinical efficacy of various approaches of specific immunotherapy in patients with RCC.
METHODS
We searched Medline, Scopus, CENTRAL, TRIP, DART, OpenGrey and ProQuest without any language filter through to 9 October 2015. One author reviewed search results for irrelevant and duplicate studies and two other authors independently extracted data from the studies. We collated study findings and calculated a weighted treatment effect across studies using Review Manager (version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, the Cochrane Collaboration).
RESULTS
We identified 14 controlled studies with 4013 RCC patients after excluding irrelevant and duplicate studies from 11,319 references retrieved from a literature search. Overall, five autologous tumor cell vaccines, one peptide-based vaccine, one virus-based vaccine and one dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine were studied in nine controlled studies of active specific immunotherapies. A total of three passive immunotherapies including autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, auto lymphocyte therapy (ALT) and autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were studied in four controlled studies. The clinical efficacy of tumor lysate-pulsed DCs, with CIK cells was studied in one controlled trial concurrently. The overall quality of studies was fair. Meta-analysis of seven studies showed that patients undergoing specific immunotherapy had significantly higher overall survival (OS) than those in the control group [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.58-0.89, = 0.003]. In addition, a meta-analysis of four studies showed that there was a significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) between patients undergoing specific immunotherapy and patients in control groups (HR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.73-1, = 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Results of this systematic review suggest that some specific immunotherapies such as Reniale, ACHN-IL-2, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) virus-infected autologous tumor cells, ALT and CIK treatment could be beneficiary for the treatment of patients with RCC.
PubMed: 28203287
DOI: 10.1177/1756287216681246 -
Current Microbiology Dec 2018Human papillomavirus (HPV) persistent infection is the necessary but not sufficient cause of cervical cancer. Other co-factors are required to induce cell transformation... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV) persistent infection is the necessary but not sufficient cause of cervical cancer. Other co-factors are required to induce cell transformation that will evolve to malignant cervical cancer. These co-factors include physical elements, other sexually transmitted infections, and immune response. Chlamydia trachomatis the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection is often asymptomatic but causes various syndromes such as cervicitis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility. It is established that this bacterium is involved in cell proliferation process and inhibit apoptosis. Furthermore, C. trachomatis may induce chronic inflammation, interfere with immune response by decreasing the number of antigen presenting cells, and reduce the cell-mediated immunity allowing the persistence of HPV. However, it is unclear whether this bacterium plays a particular role in cervical cancer induction. We therefore aimed at enlightening the actual knowledge about the relationship between C. trachomatis and cervical cancer or precursor lesions through a systematic literature review. We summarized and analyzed the epidemiological data on C. trachomatis and its co-infection with HPV and their association to cervical cancer.
Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Coinfection; Female; Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 29356877
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1439-7 -
Cureus Sep 2022Asthma is a non-communicable and long-term condition affecting children and adults. The air passages in the lungs become narrow due to inflammation and tightening of the... (Review)
Review
Asthma is a non-communicable and long-term condition affecting children and adults. The air passages in the lungs become narrow due to inflammation and tightening of the muscles around the small airways. Symptoms of asthma are intermittent and include cough, wheeze, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Asthma is very often underdiagnosed and under-treated in many regions, especially in developing countries. While many studies show that viral infections can precipitate asthmatic attacks, very few studies have been conducted to see if history or current asthmatic attack increases the risk of viral infections. Our study aims to determine the predisposition of asthmatics to develop various viral infections and susceptibility toward certain viruses that cause upper respiratory tract infections. We performed a literature review of both published and unpublished articles. We included case reports, case series, reviews, clinical trials, cohort, and case-control studies, written only in English. Commentaries, letters to editors, and book chapters were excluded. Our initial search yielded 948 articles, of which 826 were rejected either because they were irrelevant or because they did not meet our inclusion criteria. We finally screened 122 abstracts and identified 24 relevant articles. People with a history of asthma have an abnormal innate immune response, making them potentially slower in clearing the infection and susceptible to both infections and virus-induced cell cytotoxicity. Also, in these studies, deficiencies in the interferon alpha response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells have been observed in asthmatics, both adults and children. Asthmatics with a viral infection usually present with an acute exacerbation of asthma, represented by dyspnea and cough, with other prodromal symptoms including vomiting and general malaise. The review includes an update on the relevance of dysregulated immune pathways in causing viral infections in asthmatic populations. It focuses on the evidence to suggest that people with asthma are at increased risk of viral infection, and viral infections in turn are known to precipitate and worsen the asthmatic status, making this a vicious cycle. The authors also suggest that further studies be undertaken to elucidate the pathophysiology and identify the critical therapeutic steps to break this vicious cycle and improve the quality of life for people with asthma.
PubMed: 36225449
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28839 -
Gastric Cancer : Official Journal of... Nov 2023The status of regional tumour draining lymph nodes (LN) is crucial for prognostic evaluation in gastric cancer (GaC) patients. Changes in lymph node microarchitecture,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The clinical importance of the host anti-tumour reaction patterns in regional tumour draining lymph nodes in patients with locally advanced resectable gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
The status of regional tumour draining lymph nodes (LN) is crucial for prognostic evaluation in gastric cancer (GaC) patients. Changes in lymph node microarchitecture, such as follicular hyperplasia (FH), sinus histiocytosis (SH), or paracortical hyperplasia (PH), may be triggered by the anti-tumour immune response. However, the prognostic value of these changes in GaC patients is unclear.
METHODS
A systematic search in multiple databases was conducted to identify studies on the prognostic value of microarchitecture changes in regional tumour-negative and tumour-positive LNs measured on histopathological slides. Since the number of GaC publications was very limited, the search was subsequently expanded to include junctional and oesophageal cancer (OeC).
RESULTS
A total of 28 articles (17 gastric cancer, 11 oesophageal cancer) met the inclusion criteria, analyzing 26,503 lymph nodes from 3711 GaC and 1912 OeC patients. The studies described eight different types of lymph node microarchitecture changes, categorized into three patterns: hyperplasia (SH, FH, PH), cell-specific infiltration (dendritic cells, T cells, neutrophils, macrophages), and differential gene expression. Meta-analysis of five GaC studies showed a positive association between SH in tumour-negative lymph nodes and better 5-year overall survival. Pooled risk ratios for all LNs showed increased 5-year overall survival for the presence of SH and PH.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review suggests that sinus histiocytosis and paracortical hyperplasia in regional tumour-negative lymph nodes may provide additional prognostic information for gastric and oesophageal cancer patients. Further studies are needed to better understand the lymph node reaction patterns and explore their impact of chemotherapy treatment and immunotherapy efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Hyperplasia; Histiocytosis, Sinus; Clinical Relevance; Lymph Nodes; Prognosis; Esophageal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 37776394
DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01426-w -
Journal of Evidence-based Medicine May 2014To systematically review the effects of tolerogenic dendritic cells (Tol-DCs) induced by different methods on liver transplantation and their possible mechanisms of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To systematically review the effects of tolerogenic dendritic cells (Tol-DCs) induced by different methods on liver transplantation and their possible mechanisms of action.
METHODS
PubMed and EMbase were searched for relevant articles through 31 December 2013. The effects of Tol-DCs on liver allograft survival were semiquantitatively evaluated, and the possible mechanisms by which Tol-DCs prolong graft survival were analyzed.
RESULTS
Seven articles were included, and classified according to methods of induction, sources, and methods of infusing Tol-DCs. Tol-DCs induced from immature DCs (imDCs), with cytokines, and by gene modification induced liver transplant tolerance for 33.1 ± 32.5 days (2.7-fold vs. control), 26.17 ± 16.20 days (1.8-fold vs. control), and 11.7 ± 1.6 days (2.3-fold vs. control), respectively. DCs derived from recipient bone marrow, donor bone marrow, and donor spleen induced liver transplant tolerance for 51.0 ± 0.0 days (5.9-fold vs. control), 21.4 ± 26.8 days (2.4-fold vs. control), and 15.0 ± 0.0 days (2.3-fold vs. control), respectively. The primary mechanisms by which Tol-DCs induce liver transplant tolerance were the induction of T-cell hyporeactivity and Th2 differentiation.
CONCLUSIONS
Tol-DCs induced by three different methods could extend liver allograft survival, with imDCs showing optimal results. The optimal infusion method was intravenous injection of 1-2 × 10(6) Tol-DC, similar to findings in renal transplantation. Tol-DCs prolonged liver transplant tolerance more than renal transplant tolerance.
Topics: Adoptive Transfer; Dendritic Cells; Graft Survival; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Liver Transplantation; Time Factors
PubMed: 25155769
DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12094 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020Camels are domesticated animals that are highly adapted to the extreme desert ecosystem with relatively higher resistance to a wide range of pathogens compared to many...
Camels are domesticated animals that are highly adapted to the extreme desert ecosystem with relatively higher resistance to a wide range of pathogens compared to many other species from the same geographical region. Recently, there has been increased interest in the field of camel immunology. As the progress in the analysis of camel immunoglobulins has previously been covered in many recent reviews, this review intends to summarize published findings related to camel cellular immunology with a focus on the phenotype and functionality of camel leukocyte subpopulations. The review also describes the impact of different physiological (age and pregnancy) and pathological (e.g. infection) conditions on camel immune cells. Despite the progress achieved in the field of camel immunology, there are gaps in our complete understanding of the camel immune system. Questions remain regarding innate recognition mechanisms, the functional characterization of antigen-presenting cells, and the characterization of camel NK and cytotoxic T cells.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Camelus; Communicable Diseases; Female; Immunity, Mucosal; Leukocytes; Monocytes; Neutrophils; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33569060
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614150