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Technology and Health Care : Official... 2016Recent legislation empowering providers to embrace the electronic exchange of health information leaves the healthcare industry increasingly vulnerable to cybercrime.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Recent legislation empowering providers to embrace the electronic exchange of health information leaves the healthcare industry increasingly vulnerable to cybercrime. The objective of this systematic review is to identify the biggest threats to healthcare via cybercrime.
OBJECTIVE
The rationale behind this systematic review is to provide a framework for future research by identifying themes and trends of cybercrime in the healthcare industry.
METHODS
The authors conducted a systematic search through the CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases to gather literature relative to cyber threats in healthcare. All authors reviewed the articles collected and excluded literature that did not focus on the objective.
RESULTS
Researchers selected and examined 19 articles for common themes. The most prevalent cyber-criminal activity in healthcare is identity theft through data breach. Other concepts identified are internal threats, external threats, cyber-squatting, and cyberterrorism.
CONCLUSIONS
The industry has now come to rely heavily on digital technologies, which increase risks such as denial of service and data breaches. Current healthcare cyber-security systems do not rival the capabilities of cyber criminals. Security of information is a costly resource and therefore many HCOs may hesitate to invest what is required to protect sensitive information.
Topics: Computer Security; Electronic Health Records; Health Information Systems; Humans; Identity Theft; Terrorism; United States
PubMed: 26578272
DOI: 10.3233/THC-151102 -
Acta Medica Portuguesa 2008The theoretical model of coping mechanisms (CM), is based on a discussion between it's main determinant factors: individual and situational (related to the 2 approaches... (Review)
Review
The theoretical model of coping mechanisms (CM), is based on a discussion between it's main determinant factors: individual and situational (related to the 2 approaches of coping: dispositional and constitutional). Actually the most used classification of CM is based on the division of CM in two main dimensions: coping focused on emotions and coping focused on problem resolution. It is essential that classification methods of CM have in consideration the coexistence of stable dispositional elements with a situational variability. Some instruments to evaluate CM are introduced, based on different theories. Coping can influence health threw different mechanisms (neuroendocrine system, health threatening behaviours and adherence) and is included in two of the more important theoretical models applied to health (Moos & Schafer's and Leventhal's). Based on a systematic literature review we concluded that the most prevalent CM in pre transplantation period are acceptance, active coping, seeking support, and the less used are self-blame and avoidance. In post transplantation period the more prevalent CM continue to be active coping and seeking support associated to confrontation, selfconfidence, religion and coping focused in the problem. Evasive, emotive and fatalistic CM are associated to less control sensed by patients. Confrontation is associated to a better quality of life and avoidance to a reduction of quality of life and higher depression levels and denial to non-adherence increase. Control sensed by patients, CM related to the expression of emotions and denial change threw clinical evolution of transplanted patients.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Humans; Models, Psychological; Organ Transplantation
PubMed: 18625093
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Aug 2021The time from symptom onset to reperfusion is a critical determinant of myocardial salvage and clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This... (Review)
Review
The time from symptom onset to reperfusion is a critical determinant of myocardial salvage and clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This time period could be delayed if people do not seek help promptly and/or if the health system is not efficient in responding quickly and attending to these individuals. The aim of this study was to identify psychological factors associated with pre-hospital delay (PHD) or patients' decisional delay (PDD) in people with an ongoing AMI. A search in PubMed/Medline from 1990 to 2021 with the keywords "pre-hospital delay" OR "prehospital delay" OR "patient delay" OR "decisional delay" OR "care seeking behavior" AND "psychological factors" OR "alexithymia" AND "myocardial infarction" was performed. Thirty-six studies were included, involving 10.389 patients. Wrong appraisal, interpretation and causal beliefs about symptoms, denial of the severity of the symptoms and high levels of alexithymia were found related to longer PHD or PDD. Alexithymia may be an overarching construct that explains the disparate findings of the studies exploring the role of psychological factors in PHD or PDD. Further studies are needed in order to analyse the role of alexithymia in patients with risk factors for AMI to prevent delay.
PubMed: 34501261
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173813 -
The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care... Nov 2016In the past decade, more than 300,000 people in the United States have died from firearm injuries. Our goal was to assess the effectiveness of two particular prevention... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In the past decade, more than 300,000 people in the United States have died from firearm injuries. Our goal was to assess the effectiveness of two particular prevention strategies, restrictive licensing of firearms and concealed carry laws, on firearm-related injuries in the US Restrictive Licensing was defined to include denials of ownership for various offenses, such as performing background checks for domestic violence and felony convictions. Concealed carry laws allow licensed individuals to carry concealed weapons.
METHODS
A comprehensive review of the literature was performed. We used Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology to assess the breadth and quality of the data specific to our Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes (PICO) questions.
RESULTS
A total of 4673 studies were initially identified, then seven more added after two subsequent, additional literature reviews. Of these, 3,623 remained after removing duplicates; 225 case reports, case series, and reviews were excluded, and 3,379 studies were removed because they did not focus on prevention or did not address our comparators of interest. This left a total of 14 studies which merited inclusion for PICO 1 and 13 studies which merited inclusion for PICO 2.
CONCLUSION
PICO 1: We recommend the use of restrictive licensing to reduce firearm-related injuries.PICO 2: We recommend against the use of concealed carry laws to reduce firearm-related injuries.This committee found an association between more restrictive licensing and lower firearm injury rates. All 14 studies were population-based, longitudinal, used modeling to control for covariates, and 11 of the 14 were multi-state. Twelve of the studies reported reductions in firearm injuries, from 7% to 40%. We found no consistent effect of concealed carry laws. Of note, the varied quality of the available data demonstrates a significant information gap, and this committee recommends that we as a society foster a nurturing and encouraging environment that can strengthen future evidence based guidelines.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic review, level III.
Topics: Firearms; Humans; Licensure; Societies, Medical; Traumatology; United States; Wounds, Gunshot
PubMed: 27602894
DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001251 -
Journal of Clinical Nursing May 2023Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) affects patients and their family members, but most reviews have focused only on patients themselves. This review synthesises evidence... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) affects patients and their family members, but most reviews have focused only on patients themselves. This review synthesises evidence on the impact of IBD on family members.
METHODS
A systematic review was undertaken, searching six bibliographic databases, focusing on the impact of IBD on family members, coping strategies, and interventions. A narrative synthesis was conducted. This review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA).
RESULTS
3258 records were identified; 33 papers (2748 participants) were included. Three themes were identified: impact of IBD on family members; coping strategies for family members to overcome the impact of IBD; and the support needed by family members. IBD affects family members' well-being in many ways, including their emotional well-being, relationship with the patient, social life, work and finances, and leisure time and travel. Family members use adaptive coping patterns such as acceptance, developing resilience, and emotional support from others. Maladaptive coping patterns such as denial of diagnosis, self-distraction, and self-blame were also evident. Family members reported that they needed better information about IBD, support groups, and better access to a counsellor or psychologist. No studies assessed interventions to relieve family members' burden.
CONCLUSIONS
Family members of IBD patients require psychosocial support to facilitate better family function, cohesion, and enhanced coping strategies. Healthcare services should adopt a multidisciplinary care model with a bio-psycho-social approach including an IBD nurse, family therapist, and psychologist, to improve quality of life for patients and their families.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Family; Adaptation, Psychological; Emotions
PubMed: 35908208
DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16446 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood May 2012To describe the experiences and perspectives of children and adolescents on dialysis. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To describe the experiences and perspectives of children and adolescents on dialysis.
DESIGN
A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted that explored the experiences of children on dialysis. Electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles were searched to October Week 2, 2010.
RESULTS
A total of 17 studies, which reported the experiences of 143 children receiving dialysis, were included. Five major themes were identified: loss of control (high reliance on carers, parental overprotectiveness, unrelenting dependence on a machine, impaired body integrity), restricted lifestyle (limited socialisation opportunities, academic struggle), coping strategies (hope for kidney transplant and medical advances, social support, positive determination and self-awareness, engaging in activities, denial), managing treatment (ownership, proactive involvement, adherence to fluid and diet restrictions) and feeling different (abnormal physical appearance, injustice, being a burden).
CONCLUSIONS
Children undergoing dialysis experience impaired growth, invasive procedures, school and social constraints. They often have poor self-esteem and a pervasive sense of losing their identity, body integrity, control, independence and opportunity. Interventions are needed to equip children with the capacity to manage their health, participate in community, engage in 'permissible' recreational activities, progress in their studies, and remain vigilant in dialysis and treatment responsibilities, for improved health and treatment outcomes.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Attitude to Health; Child; Humans; Internal-External Control; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Life Style; Renal Dialysis; Self Concept
PubMed: 22399673
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-300639 -
Journal of Clinical Nursing Nov 2008This systematic review examines how specific coping strategies are associated with psychological and physical outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. (Review)
Review
AIM
This systematic review examines how specific coping strategies are associated with psychological and physical outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis.
BACKGROUND AND METHODS
Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term condition that people cope with but it is unclear whether specific coping strategies have an effect on mood and function. Therefore a systematic review was undertaken of the coping with arthritis literature and 174 studies were initially included. Further examination determined that 31 studies (11 longitudinal and 20 cross sectional) were finally included in the review. The 31 studies were clinically and methodologically diverse; therefore the analysis of results was a qualitative synthesis. Coping strategies that contributed to the prediction of outcomes were allocated to a new structure for the classification of coping.
RESULTS
The results demonstrated there was not sufficient, consistent evidence to support the overall view that individual coping strategies contributed to longitudinal outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. However, major differences in the design of included studies may have hindered the comparison of results. There was some evidence from longitudinal studies that patients who used resting, inactivity, etc. (helplessness category) experienced negative outcomes. Avoidance (escape) was the most common overall category associated with predominantly negative outcomes in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.
CONCLUSIONS
There was generally limited evidence to suggest an association between coping strategies and outcomes but the design of studies and the lack of clarity about coping strategies were identified as problems. This study used a new framework for the conceptualisation of coping strategies, thus contributing to further examining the utility of coping strategies and contributing to their redefinition.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
The use of helplessness (inactivity and passive coping) and escape/avoidant coping strategies, including denial and wishful thinking, could be identified and addressed by nurses and other health professionals to reduce the associated negative outcomes.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Affect; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Social Adjustment
PubMed: 26327424
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02579.x -
International Journal of Obesity (2005) Nov 2012Pre-bariatric surgery requirements vary between surgeons and surgical centers, with standards of practice not yet established. The goal of this systematic review was to... (Review)
Review
Pre-bariatric surgery requirements vary between surgeons and surgical centers, with standards of practice not yet established. The goal of this systematic review was to summarize and evaluate the available literature on pre-bariatric surgery weight loss requirements and the relation between preoperative weight loss and postoperative outcome. Major databases, including Medline, PubMed and PsychINFO were searched for relevant articles. Case studies, studies>20 years old and studies that utilized self-reported body weight data were excluded. Data on the effect of the following was summarized: (1) preoperative requirements on preoperative weight loss; (2) insurance-mandated preoperative requirements; (3) the contingency of receipt of surgery; (4) preoperative weight loss on postoperative weight loss and (5) preoperative weight loss on perioperative and postoperative complication and comorbidity rates. The majority of studies suggest that: (1) current preoperative requirements held by the majority of third party payer organizations in the United States are ineffective in fostering preoperative weight loss; (2) making receipt of surgery contingent upon achieving preoperative weight loss, and meal-replacement diets, may be particularly effective in fostering preoperative weight loss and (3) preoperative weight loss may lead to improvements in at least some relevant postoperative outcomes. However, a preoperative weight loss mandate may lead to the denial of surgery and subsequent health benefits to individuals who are unable to achieve a prespecified amount of weight. Overall, the limited number and quality of prospective studies in this area prohibits the much-needed establishment of standards of practice for pre-bariatric requirements.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Eligibility Determination; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity, Morbid; Patient Compliance; Postoperative Period; Preoperative Period; Treatment Outcome; Unnecessary Procedures; Weight Loss
PubMed: 22508337
DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.60 -
Journal of Gambling Studies Mar 2020Although well-recognized and clinically relevant, impaired awareness of problem and pathological gambling (IAPPG) is a poorly understood phenomenon that contributes to...
Although well-recognized and clinically relevant, impaired awareness of problem and pathological gambling (IAPPG) is a poorly understood phenomenon that contributes to treatment denial and negative clinical and social outcomes. In this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of the measures available to assess problem gambling awareness, evaluate their psychometric properties, and determine the extent to which they cover the core domains of illness awareness: General Disorder Awareness, Symptom Attribution, Awareness of Need for Treatment, and Awareness of Negative Consequences. A systematic search using OVID database (Medline, PsycINFO, and Embase) was performed to identify English language papers describing gambling awareness measures. We identified only 8 measures partially assessing IAPPG. Measures differed in their effectiveness and comprehensiveness in evaluating IAPPG. Most measures were principally developed to evaluate barriers or motivators to treatment-seeking among gamblers and were not specific to IAPPG. Two were psychometrically validated, but the items were not specific to the evaluation of subjective awareness of the disorder and they only covered up to two domains of IAPPG. With the development and psychometric validation of an easy-to-use, comprehensive measure of subjective IAPPG, future studies will be able to investigate the role of IAPPG in help-seeking behavior, treatment adherence, and clinical and social outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Female; Gambling; Humans; Internal-External Control; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Psychometrics; Self Care; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 31863419
DOI: 10.1007/s10899-019-09926-0 -
International Journal of Law and... 2009This article explores the phenomenon of neonaticide, the murder of an infant during the first day of life. Characteristics of maternal neonaticide offenders in... (Review)
Review
This article explores the phenomenon of neonaticide, the murder of an infant during the first day of life. Characteristics of maternal neonaticide offenders in industrialized countries were identified based on a systematic literature review. Neonaticides were most often committed by poor, relatively young, single women who lacked prenatal care. Efforts to better prevent these tragedies should include improved sex education and contraceptive access. Two legal responses to the problem of neonaticide, Safe Haven laws utilized in the United States, and anonymous birth options in Europe are discussed.
Topics: Child, Abandoned; Denial, Psychological; Europe; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infanticide; Mothers; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Unwanted; Risk Factors; United States
PubMed: 19064290
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2008.11.006