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Journal of International Society of... 2023The use of medicinal herbs to prevent gingival and periodontal diseases has become increasingly popular due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This... (Review)
Review
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The use of medicinal herbs to prevent gingival and periodontal diseases has become increasingly popular due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This systematic review aims to provide the current literature to validate the traditional use of medicinal herbs in the management of gingival and periodontal diseases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An online literature search was conducted to identify research papers published from 2010 to 2022 in three major scientific databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, in June 2022. Original research studies, case reports, and systematic reviews on medicinal plants' application in oral health care were selected to be included in this systematic review. Only high-quality articles identified in the quality assessment were included for evidence synthesis.
RESULTS
Initial keyword research yielded 726 free-text articles published between 2010 and 2022. Of these, 14 articles (8 research papers and 6 reviews) were included for evidence synthesis. The review's findings indicate that the antibacterial property of medicinal plants is due to their alkaline nature and prevents plaque and calculus formation by maintaining acid-alkali balance in saliva. Various parts of medicinal plants help maintain periodontal health. , , and effectively inhibit primary plaque colonizers and periodontal pathogens. , Miller, and have excellent applications in treating periodontal diseases. , , the husk of , the root of and , leaves of and , fruits of and , Ocimum extract, and pomegranate peel extract can serve as a promising alternative in managing chronic gingivitis.
CONCLUSION
The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and astringent action of extracts obtained from various parts of medicinal plants make them effective in reducing gingival and periodontal diseases. Herbal medicine may be a viable alternative to contemporary pharmaceuticals as an adjuvant to scaling and root planning procedures.
PubMed: 37153928
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_210_22 -
International Journal of Dental Hygiene Feb 2018It is estimated that about 20%-25% of the world's population are suffering from periodontal diseases or severe gum diseases. This requires appropriate interventions. For... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
It is estimated that about 20%-25% of the world's population are suffering from periodontal diseases or severe gum diseases. This requires appropriate interventions. For the development of effective and evidence-based programmes tailored to the target group, the aim of this review was to survey to the effectiveness of oral health education and promotion interventions in the relevant groups of people.
METHODS
The electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science and Cochrane Library were searched for English language studies between 2010 and (January-December) 2016. To assess the quality of articles, the checklist was used that includes 19 items. Studies were selected based on PICOs criteria, and finally, 16 studies were entered in our study.
RESULTS
A total of 16 articles were selected, classified into two groups (A and B groups), so that group A with short-term effects includes improving knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, oral health behaviour (toothbrushing and flossing), theoretical constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and perceived behavioural control) which consists of 15 articles and group B with long-term effects includes improving decayed teeth, plaque, calculus and bleeding which consists of six articles.
CONCLUSION
Approximately, this study supports effectiveness of all oral health education and promotion interventions, especially in short-term outcomes. Regarding the importance of long-term and short-term outcomes for oral health education and promotion programmes, These interventions could be performed in the future with several target groups including family and teachers.
Topics: Health Education, Dental; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Promotion; Humans; Oral Health; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 28834249
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12305 -
International Journal of Paediatric... Nov 2022Children and adolescents with vision impairment (VI) may be at increased risk of oral health issues, such as periodontal inflammation, poor oral hygiene, dental caries,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Children and adolescents with vision impairment (VI) may be at increased risk of oral health issues, such as periodontal inflammation, poor oral hygiene, dental caries, and dental trauma, but this is inconclusive in the literature.
AIM
To systematically review the literature to determine the main oral health issues of children and adolescents with VI compared to those without VI.
DESIGN
Electronic and manual searches were performed to identify observational studies involving children and adolescents with and without VI, to determine and compare their oral health issues. The methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Studies that had homogeneity of methods were incorporated into meta-analyses.
RESULTS
Fifteen cross-sectional studies were included. Overall, most studies presented methodological flaws and high risk of bias. The meta-analysis showed that children and adolescents with VI were 3.86 times as likely to exhibit dental trauma (OR = 3.86, 95% CI = 2.63-5.68, I = 0%) and had higher/poorer values for plaque (MD = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.58-1.02, I = 96%), gingivitis (MD = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.02-1.37, I = 100%), calculus (MD = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.03-0.06, I = 0%), and oral hygiene indices (MD = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.24-1.18, I = 97%), as well as DMFS (MD = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.68-1.13, I = 26%).
CONCLUSION
Across a wide array of assessments, children and adolescents with vision impairment had worse oral health outcomes than those without VI.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Gingivitis; Humans; Oral Health
PubMed: 35445456
DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12967 -
Journal of Dentistry Dec 2020People with Cystic Fibrosis (PWCF) may be presumed to be at lower risk of periodontal disease due to long term antibiotic use but this has not been comprehensively... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
People with Cystic Fibrosis (PWCF) may be presumed to be at lower risk of periodontal disease due to long term antibiotic use but this has not been comprehensively investigated. The oral hygiene and periodontal status of PWCF in comparison to the general population is not well established. The objective of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the literature on periodontal and oral hygiene status in PWCF to see if this group are at increased risk of periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis).
DATA SOURCES
5 databases were searched: Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science.
STUDY SELECTION
The search resulted in 614 publications from databases with one more publication identified by searching bibliographies. 13 studies were included in the qualitative analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
The majority of studies showed better oral hygiene, with lower levels of gingivitis and plaque among people with Cystic Fibrosis (PWCF) than controls. Interestingly, despite this, many studies showed that PWCF had higher levels of dental calculus. Three studies found there was no difference in Oral Hygiene between PWCF and controls. One study found that PWCF aged between 6 and 9.5 years had increased levels of clinical gingivitis, and one study showed that PWCF with gingivitis had more bleeding on probing than people without CF. The vast majority of PWCF examined were children- only five studies included people over 18 years, and only one looked exclusively at adults. There is a need for further study into the periodontal health of PWCF- particularly those over the age of 18.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
There are currently no guidelines referring to oral care in PWCF. Studies have suggested that the oral cavity acts as a reservoir of bacteria which may colonise the lungs. If PWCF are at increased risk of periodontal disease, they should attend for regular screenings to facilitate early detection.
Topics: Adult; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Dental Plaque; Gingivitis; Humans; Middle Aged; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 33129998
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103509 -
Complementary Therapies in Clinical... Nov 2021Periodontal disease (PD) is the second most prevalent buccal infectious condition in adults. Owing to its multifactorial etiology, treatment and maintenance are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Periodontal disease (PD) is the second most prevalent buccal infectious condition in adults. Owing to its multifactorial etiology, treatment and maintenance are challenging. Scaling and root planing, associated with adequate plaque control, are considered the gold standard treatments for this disease. However, the instrumentation techniques can fail to completely eliminate calculus, particularly in higher grade and progression rated PD cases, and the continuing efficient removal of the biofilm by the patient can limit the long-term response of this treatment. Anti-infective herbal products, such as Curcuma, have been added as adjuvant therapy to prolong periodontal treatment outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aimed to summarize and evaluate whether Curcuma can contribute to PD treatment when applied as an adjunct to the standard scaling and root planing therapy.
DATA SOURCES
We searched databases using specific keywords and Boolean operators and systematically conducted the extraction and analysis according to the PROSPERO (CRD42019145691) database. The main eligibility criteria were randomized clinical trials in humans published in the English language.
RESULTS
Twelve studies were included in the review and 11 in the meta-analysis. Quantitative analysis of different clinical parameters was described. In comparison with the control group, Curcuma was associated with a reduction in pocket depth after 90 days of treatment (mean deviation: 0.48; 95% confidence interval: 0.89-0.08).
CONCLUSION
This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that Curcuma is an effective product when applied as adjunct therapy for PD treatment. This improved the clinical and microbiological parameters.
Topics: Adult; Chronic Periodontitis; Combined Modality Therapy; Curcuma; Dental Scaling; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Root Planing
PubMed: 34662850
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101493 -
Journal of the American Dental... Oct 2017For this systematic review, the authors evaluated and synthesized the available scientific evidence related to the effects of periodontal endoscopy on the treatment of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
For this systematic review, the authors evaluated and synthesized the available scientific evidence related to the effects of periodontal endoscopy on the treatment of periodontitis.
METHODS
The authors searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Scientific Journals database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Medicine Premier's Wanfang database for articles about periodontal endoscopy that were published through January 2017. The authors considered the percentage of residual calculus, average treatment time, bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival inflammation (GI), and probing depth (PD) as outcome measures. The authors extracted data and performed meta-analyses for groups of articles for which it was appropriate.
RESULTS
The authors identified 8 articles as being suitable for this systematic review. The investigators of 3 studies reported results related to BOP and GI that revealed some advantages of periodontal endoscopy over traditional scaling and root planing (SRP). The investigators of 4 studies explored PD and found no difference between periodontal endoscopy and traditional SRP. The authors could not perform meta-analyses on the study results related to BOP, GI, or PD. The percentage of residual calculus after periodontal endoscope-aided debridement was significantly less than the percentage of residual calculus after traditional SRP (mean difference, -3.18; 95% confidence interval, -4.86 to -1.49; P = .002; heterogeneity I = 74%). The authors found that periodontal endoscopy took significantly more time than traditional SRP (mean difference, 6.01 minutes; 95% confidence interval, 4.23 to 7.8; P < .00001; heterogeneity I = 0%).
CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
Periodontal endoscopy may provide additional benefits for calculus removal compared with traditional SRP, although it could take more time to perform. With respect to BOP, GI, and PD, the authors found no sufficient evidence to support the difference between the use of periodontal endoscopy and traditional SRP. The authors concluded that additional scientific research is required to assess the effects of periodontal endoscopy on the treatment of periodontitis.
Topics: Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Scaling; Endoscopy; Humans; Root Planing
PubMed: 28637585
DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.05.011 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Dec 2011Good oral hygiene is thought to be important for oral health. This review is to determine the effectiveness of flossing in addition to toothbrushing for preventing gum... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Good oral hygiene is thought to be important for oral health. This review is to determine the effectiveness of flossing in addition to toothbrushing for preventing gum disease and dental caries in adults.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of flossing in addition to toothbrushing, as compared with toothbrushing alone, in the management of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (to 17 October 2011), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 4), MEDLINE via OVID (1950 to 17 October 2011), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 17 October 2011), CINAHL via EBSCO (1980 to 17 October 2011), LILACS via BIREME (1982 to 17 October 2011), ZETOC Conference Proceedings (1980 to 17 October 2011), Web of Science Conference Proceedings (1990 to 17 October 2011), Clinicaltrials.gov (to 17 October 2011) and the metaRegister of Controlled Clinical Trials (to 17 October 2011). We imposed no restrictions regarding language or date of publication. We contacted manufacturers of dental floss to identify trials.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials conducted comparing toothbrushing and flossing with only toothbrushing, in adults.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently assessed risk of bias for the included studies and extracted data. We contacted trial authors for further details where these were unclear. The effect measure for each meta-analysis was the standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random-effects models. We examined potential sources of heterogeneity, along with sensitivity analyses omitting trials at high risk of bias.
MAIN RESULTS
Twelve trials were included in this review, with a total of 582 participants in flossing plus toothbrushing (intervention) groups and 501 participants in toothbrushing (control) groups. All included trials reported the outcomes of plaque and gingivitis. Seven of the included trials were assessed as at unclear risk of bias and five were at high risk of bias.Flossing plus toothbrushing showed a statistically significant benefit compared to toothbrushing in reducing gingivitis at the three time points studied, the SMD being -0.36 (95% CI -0.66 to -0.05) at 1 month, SMD -0.41 (95% CI -0.68 to -0.14) at 3 months and SMD -0.72 (95% CI -1.09 to -0.35) at 6 months. The 1-month estimate translates to a 0.13 point reduction on a 0 to 3 point scale for Loe-Silness gingivitis index, and the 3 and 6 month results translate to 0.20 and 0.09 reductions on the same scale.Overall there is weak, very unreliable evidence which suggests that flossing plus toothbrushing may be associated with a small reduction in plaque at 1 or 3 months.None of the included trials reported data for the outcomes of caries, calculus, clinical attachment loss, or quality of life. There was some inconsistent reporting of adverse effects.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is some evidence from twelve studies that flossing in addition to toothbrushing reduces gingivitis compared to toothbrushing alone. There is weak, very unreliable evidence from 10 studies that flossing plus toothbrushing may be associated with a small reduction in plaque at 1 and 3 months. No studies reported the effectiveness of flossing plus toothbrushing for preventing dental caries.
Topics: Adult; Dental Caries; Dental Devices, Home Care; Dental Plaque; Gingivitis; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 22161438
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008829.pub2 -
Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry 2004To assess the evidence on the effectiveness of commercially available anticalculus dentifrices. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
To assess the evidence on the effectiveness of commercially available anticalculus dentifrices.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Systematic search for published and unpublished epidemiological data in 7 electronic databases, 5 journals, and the bibliographies of retrieved papers and by making contact with subject experts in this field. Thirty-two reports were identified containing comparisons of one or more active agents with a placebo dentifrice and calculus measured using the Volpe-Manhold Index (VMI).
RESULTS
Random effect model for 3-month studies showed an effect size of -0.6 for all comparisons. The effect sizes varied from -0.3 for dentifrices with zinc chloride 0.5% to -1.1 for pyrophosphate 1.3% and copolymer 1.5% dentifrices. Meta-analysis of all the studies with 6-month follow-up gave an effect size of -1.1 (-1.5 to -0.8) and for 12-month follow-up the effect size was -13.6 (-21.4 to -5.8).
CONCLUSIONS
Anticalculus dentifrices containing pyrophosphates, zinc compounds and/or co-polymers were effective in significantly reducing calculus scores (VMI).
Topics: Dental Calculus; Dentifrices; Diphosphates; Humans; Maleates; Polyethylenes; Toothbrushing; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 15641765
DOI: No ID Found -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2019Good oral hygiene is thought to be important for oral health. This review is to determine the effectiveness of flossing in addition to toothbrushing for preventing gum... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Good oral hygiene is thought to be important for oral health. This review is to determine the effectiveness of flossing in addition to toothbrushing for preventing gum disease and dental caries in adults.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of flossing in addition to toothbrushing, as compared with toothbrushing alone, in the management of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (to 17 October 2011), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 4), MEDLINE via OVID (1950 to 17 October 2011), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 17 October 2011), CINAHL via EBSCO (1980 to 17 October 2011), LILACS via BIREME (1982 to 17 October 2011), ZETOC Conference Proceedings (1980 to 17 October 2011), Web of Science Conference Proceedings (1990 to 17 October 2011), Clinicaltrials.gov (to 17 October 2011) and the metaRegister of Controlled Clinical Trials (to 17 October 2011). We imposed no restrictions regarding language or date of publication. We contacted manufacturers of dental floss to identify trials.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials conducted comparing toothbrushing and flossing with only toothbrushing, in adults.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently assessed risk of bias for the included studies and extracted data. We contacted trial authors for further details where these were unclear. The effect measure for each meta-analysis was the standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random-effects models. We examined potential sources of heterogeneity, along with sensitivity analyses omitting trials at high risk of bias.
MAIN RESULTS
Twelve trials were included in this review, with a total of 582 participants in flossing plus toothbrushing (intervention) groups and 501 participants in toothbrushing (control) groups. All included trials reported the outcomes of plaque and gingivitis. Seven of the included trials were assessed as at unclear risk of bias and five were at high risk of bias.Flossing plus toothbrushing showed a statistically significant benefit compared to toothbrushing in reducing gingivitis at the three time points studied, the SMD being -0.36 (95% CI -0.66 to -0.05) at 1 month, SMD -0.41 (95% CI -0.68 to -0.14) at 3 months and SMD -0.72 (95% CI -1.09 to -0.35) at 6 months. The 1-month estimate translates to a 0.13 point reduction on a 0 to 3 point scale for Loe-Silness gingivitis index, and the 3 and 6 month results translate to 0.20 and 0.09 reductions on the same scale.Overall there is weak, very unreliable evidence which suggests that flossing plus toothbrushing may be associated with a small reduction in plaque at 1 or 3 months.None of the included trials reported data for the outcomes of caries, calculus, clinical attachment loss, or quality of life. There was some inconsistent reporting of adverse effects.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is some evidence from twelve studies that flossing in addition to toothbrushing reduces gingivitis compared to toothbrushing alone. There is weak, very unreliable evidence from 10 studies that flossing plus toothbrushing may be associated with a small reduction in plaque at 1 and 3 months. No studies reported the effectiveness of flossing plus toothbrushing for preventing dental caries.
PubMed: 31013348
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008829.pub3 -
Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related... Apr 2021Digitally customized abutments are increasingly used in contemporary implant prosthodontics. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Digitally customized abutments are increasingly used in contemporary implant prosthodontics.
PURPOSE
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at comparing the peri-implant clinical outcomes of digitally customized and prefabricated abutments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The search strategies included electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane clinical trials database) and related journals up to September, 2020. A qualitative and quantitative synthesis was performed on data extracted from the included studies.
RESULTS
Three RCTs (number of patients = 120; number of dental implants = 120) and two prospective cohort studies (number of patients = 144; number of dental implants = 144) with one to three-year follow-up periods were included. The quantitative analyses did not demonstrate a significant difference between digitally customized and prefabricated abutments for peri-implant pocket depth (P = 0.62), plaque index (P = 0.67), bleeding on probing (P = 0.43), keratinized mucosa width (P = 0.75), and pink aesthetic score (P = 0.30) at one-year follow-up visit. The qualitative analyses for marginal bone level change, calculus accumulation, implant survival rate, implant success rate, white aesthetic score, and patient-reported outcomes did not demonstrate a significant difference between two groups during 1 to 3-year follow-up visits.
CONCLUSION
The current data do not provide evidence of significant differences between two abutment fabrication methods in terms of peri-implant clinical outcomes within short-term period (CRD42020170807).
Topics: Dental Abutments; Dental Implants; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Esthetics, Dental; Humans; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 33533116
DOI: 10.1111/cid.12982