-
Cells Jun 2023Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive neuroinflammatory disease with a complex pathophysiological background. A variety of diverse factors have been... (Review)
Review
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive neuroinflammatory disease with a complex pathophysiological background. A variety of diverse factors have been attributed to the propagation of inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS, mainly genetic, immunological, and environmental factors such as vitamin D deficiency, infections, or hormonal disbalance. Recently, the importance of the gut-brain axis for the development of many neurological conditions, including stroke, movement disorders, and neuroinflammatory disorders, has been postulated. The purpose of our paper was to summarize current evidence confirming the role of the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of MS and related disorders, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMO-SD). For this aim, we conducted a systematic review of the literature listed in the following databases: Medline, Pubmed, and Scopus, and were able to identify several studies demonstrating the involvement of the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of MS and NMO-SD. It seems that the most relevant bacteria for the pathophysiology of MS are those belonging to , , , , , , , and , while and have been demonstrated to play a role in the pathophysiology of NMO-SD. Following this line of evidence, there is also some preliminary data supporting the use of probiotics or other agents affecting the microbiome that could potentially have a beneficial effect on MS/NMO-SD symptoms and prognosis. The topic of the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of MS is therefore relevant since it could be used as a biomarker of disease development and progression as well as a potential disease-modifying therapy.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Neuromyelitis Optica; Vitamin D Deficiency; Inflammation
PubMed: 37443793
DOI: 10.3390/cells12131760 -
Environmental Microbiology Reports Apr 2020In recent years, there has been an increase in studies on the implications of gut microbiota (GM) on the behaviour of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) due... (Review)
Review
In recent years, there has been an increase in studies on the implications of gut microbiota (GM) on the behaviour of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) due to a dysbiosis in GM that can trigger onset, development or progression of ASD through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The aim of this study is to carry out a systematic review of articles from the last 6 years that analyse GM in children with ASD compared to GM in control groups. Children with ASD showed a higher abundance of Roseburia and Candida genera, and lower abundance of Dialister, Bilophila, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Coprococcus and Prevotella genera. Those differences can be attributed to factors such as different nationalities, nature of control groups, place where the sample was taken, gastrointestinal (GI) problems or bacterial detection methods. It is still too early to define a specific GM profile of children with ASD, and future studies should focus on homogenizing the characteristics of samples and control groups. Furthermore, new multicentre studies should also focus on the impact of GM on GI physiology, neurophysiology and behaviour of children with ASD, and on performing psychometric analyses of the correlation between the severity of ASD behavioural symptoms and GM profiles.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Bacteria; Bilophila; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostridiales; Dysbiosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Prevotella; Streptococcus; Veillonellaceae
PubMed: 31713352
DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12810 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jul 2010Traditionally, diagnosis of Lawsonia intracellularis-associated proliferative enteropathy (PE) has depended on necropsy and histology. Since the establishment of the... (Review)
Review
Diagnostic performance of different fecal Lawsonia intracellularis-specific polymerase chain reaction assays as diagnostic tests for proliferative enteropathy in pigs: a review.
Traditionally, diagnosis of Lawsonia intracellularis-associated proliferative enteropathy (PE) has depended on necropsy and histology. Since the establishment of the etiologic role of L. intracellularis, a number of specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have been developed for the detection of DNA in feces. The present article is a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications on the application of L. intracellularis-specific fecal PCR as an antemortem diagnostic test for histologic lesions of PE in pigs. Based on this information, a range of diagnostic sensitivities (36-100%) and specificities (50-100%) of the published tests was calculated. Validity and confidence limits of the estimates varied considerably. The positive and negative predictive values of 6 different PCR assays were calculated for PE prevalence of 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, and 90%, using a histologic case definition of PE and based on the reported test sensitivities and specificities. The simulated predictive values suggested that applying the fecal PCR assay as a diagnostic test is more likely to overestimate than underestimate the number of pigs having histologic lesions of PE under field conditions.
Topics: Animals; Desulfovibrionaceae Infections; Intestinal Diseases; Lawsonia Bacteria; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 20622217
DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200401 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The microbiota-gut-lung axis has elucidated a potential association between gut microbiota and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, there is a paucity of...
BACKGROUND
The microbiota-gut-lung axis has elucidated a potential association between gut microbiota and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, there is a paucity of population-level studies with providing robust evidence for establishing causality. This two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis aimed to investigate the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and IPF as well as lung function.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Adhering to Mendel's principle of inheritance, this MR analysis utilized summary-level data from respective genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 211 gut microbial taxa, IPF, and lung function indicators such as FEV, FVC, and FEV/FVC. A bidirectional two-sample MR design was employed, utilizing multiple MR analysis methods, including inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, and weighted mode. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was used to uncover mediating factors connecting the exposure and outcome. Additionally, comprehensive sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of the results.
RESULTS
The MR results confirmed four taxa were found causally associated with the risk of IPF. (OR=0.773, 95% CI: 0.610-0.979, p=0.033), (OR=0.773, 95% CI: 0.610-0.979, p=0.033), and (OR=0.793, 95% CI: 0.652-0.965, p=0.020) exerted protective effects on IPF, while (OR=1.349, 95% CI: 1.021-1.783, p=0.035) promote the development of IPF. Several taxa were causally associated with lung function, with those in , and being the most prominent beneficial microbiota, while those in , and were associated with impaired lung function. As for the reverse analysis, MR results confirmed the effects of FEV and FVC on the increased abundance of six taxa (, and ) with a boosted level of evidence. MVMR suggested monounsaturated fatty acids, total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to total fatty acids as potential mediating factors in the genetic association between gut microbiota and IPF.
CONCLUSION
The current study suggested the casual effects of the specific gut microbes on the risk of IPF and lung function. In turn, lung function also exerted a positive role in some gut microbes. A reasonable dietary intake of lipid substances has a certain protective effect against the occurrence and progression of IPF. This study provides novel insights into the potential role of gut microbiota in IPF and indicates a possible gut microbiota-mediated mechanism for the prevention of IPF.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Lung; Respiratory Function Tests; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
PubMed: 38841114
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1348685