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Autism Research : Official Journal of... Jun 2012We provide a systematic review of epidemiological surveys of autistic disorder and pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) worldwide. A secondary aim was to consider... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
We provide a systematic review of epidemiological surveys of autistic disorder and pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) worldwide. A secondary aim was to consider the possible impact of geographic, cultural/ethnic, and socioeconomic factors on prevalence estimates and on clinical presentation of PDD. Based on the evidence reviewed, the median of prevalence estimates of autism spectrum disorders was 62/10 000. While existing estimates are variable, the evidence reviewed does not support differences in PDD prevalence by geographic region nor of a strong impact of ethnic/cultural or socioeconomic factors. However, power to detect such effects is seriously limited in existing data sets, particularly in low-income countries. While it is clear that prevalence estimates have increased over time and these vary in different neighboring and distant regions, these findings most likely represent broadening of the diagnostic concets, diagnostic switching from other developmental disabilities to PDD, service availability, and awareness of autistic spectrum disorders in both the lay and professional public. The lack of evidence from the majority of the world's population suggests a critical need for further research and capacity building in low- and middle-income countries.
Topics: Autistic Disorder; Child; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Global Health; Health Surveys; Humans; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 22495912
DOI: 10.1002/aur.239 -
Physical & Occupational Therapy in... May 2018To describe the clinical properties and psychometric soundness of pediatric oral motor feeding assessments. (Review)
Review
AIM
To describe the clinical properties and psychometric soundness of pediatric oral motor feeding assessments.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and HAPI databases. Assessments were analyzed for their clinical and psychometric characteristics.
RESULTS
12 assessment tools were identified to meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Clinical properties varied from assessments evaluating oral-motor deficits, screening to identify feeding problems, and monitoring feeding progress. Most assessments were designed for children with developmental disabilities or cerebral palsy. Eleven assessments had psychometric evidence, of these nine had reliability and validity testing (Ability for Basic Feeding and Swallowing Scale for Children, Behavioral Assessment Scale of Oral Functions in Feeding, Dysphagia Disorder Survey, Functional Feeding Assessment-modified, Gisel Video Assessment, Montreal Children's Hospital Feeding Scale, Oral Motor Assessment Scale, Schedule for Oral Motor Assessment, and Screening Tool of Feeding Problems Applied to Children). The Brief Assessment of Motor Function-Oral Motor Deglutition and the Pediatric Assessment Scale for Severe Feeding Problems had reliability testing only. The Slurp Test was not tested for any psychometric properties. Overall, psychometric evidence was inconsistent and inadequate for the evaluative tools.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Deglutition; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Infant; Motor Skills; Mouth; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Young Adult
PubMed: 28430014
DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2017.1290734 -
The American Journal of Occupational... 2013We describe the results of a systematic review of the literature on children's mental health using a public health model consisting of three levels of mental health... (Review)
Review
We describe the results of a systematic review of the literature on children's mental health using a public health model consisting of three levels of mental health service: universal, targeted, and intensive. At the universal level, strong evidence exists for the effectiveness of occupation- and activity-based interventions in many areas, including programs that focus on social-emotional learning; schoolwide bullying prevention; and after-school, performing arts, and stress management activities. At the targeted level, strong evidence indicates that social and life skills programs are effective for children who are aggressive, have been rejected, and are teenage mothers. The evidence also is strong that children with intellectual impairments, developmental delays, and learning disabilities benefit from social skills programming and play, leisure, and recreational activities. Additionally, evidence of the effectiveness of social skills programs is strong for children requiring services at the intensive level (e.g., those with autism spectrum disorder, diagnosed mental illness, serious behavior disorders) to improve social behavior and self-management.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Developmental Disabilities; Health Promotion; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Learning Disabilities; Mental Health; Occupational Therapy; Peer Group; Play and Playthings
PubMed: 24195907
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2013.008359 -
Academic Psychiatry : the Journal of... Jun 2021Despite the increasing number of people with autism-spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disabilities (ID), and developmental disabilities (DDs), individuals with these... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Despite the increasing number of people with autism-spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disabilities (ID), and developmental disabilities (DDs), individuals with these conditions continue to have high levels of unmet physical and mental health needs. Robust training of health professionals can help bridge this gap. A systematic review was conducted to describe the features and educational outcomes of existing postgraduate medical education curricula to inform the development of future training to address the growing unmet care needs of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) such as ASD and ID.
METHODS
Four major databases were searched for peer-reviewed, English-language research focusing on post-graduate training in IDD education. Educational curricula and outcomes were summarized including Best Evidence in Medical Education (BEME) Quality of Evidence and Kirkpatrick training evaluation model.
RESULTS
Sixteen studies were identified with a majority published after 2000 (69%). Pediatric departments were involved in 69%, Psychiatry 19%, Medicine-Pediatrics 19%, and Family Medicine 6.3%. Analysis of Kirkpatrick outcomes showed 31% were level 1 (satisfaction or comfort); 38% level 2 (change in objective knowledge or skills); 13% level 3 (change in behavior); and none at level 4. BEME analysis showed 19% of studies were grade 1 (no clear conclusions), 31% grade 2 (ambiguous results), and half (50%) grade 3 (conclusions can probably be based on findings), with none scoring four or higher.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a paucity of objectively evaluated research in the area. Studies reviewed show clear promise for specialized, interdisciplinary, competency-based education which may be foundational for future curriculum development.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Curriculum; Developmental Disabilities; Education, Medical; Health Personnel; Humans
PubMed: 33433827
DOI: 10.1007/s40596-020-01378-8 -
BMC Pediatrics Nov 2016Gross motor skills are fundamental to childhood development. The effectiveness of current physical therapy options for children with mild to moderate gross motor... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Gross motor skills are fundamental to childhood development. The effectiveness of current physical therapy options for children with mild to moderate gross motor disorders is unknown. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to investigate the effectiveness of conservative interventions to improve gross motor performance in children with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders.
METHODS
A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PEDro, Cochrane Collaboration, Google Scholar databases and clinical trial registries were searched. Published randomised controlled trials including children 3 to ≤18 years with (i) Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) or Cerebral Palsy (CP) (Gross Motor Function Classification System Level 1) or Developmental Delay or Minimal Acquired Brain Injury or Prematurity (<30 weeks gestational age) or Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; and (ii) receiving non-pharmacological or non-surgical interventions from a health professional and (iii) gross motor outcomes obtained using a standardised assessment tool. Meta-analysis was performed to determine the pooled effect of intervention on gross motor function. Methodological quality and strength of meta-analysis recommendations were evaluated using PEDro and the GRADE approach respectively.
RESULTS
Of 2513 papers, 9 met inclusion criteria including children with CP (n = 2) or DCD (n = 7) receiving 11 different interventions. Only two of 9 trials showed an effect for treatment. Using the least conservative trial outcomes a large beneficial effect of intervention was shown (SMD:-0.8; 95% CI:-1.1 to -0.5) with "very low quality" GRADE ratings. Using the most conservative trial outcomes there is no treatment effect (SMD:-0.1; 95% CI:-0.3 to 0.2) with "low quality" GRADE ratings. Study limitations included the small number and poor quality of the available trials.
CONCLUSION
Although we found that some interventions with a task-orientated framework can improve gross motor outcomes in children with DCD or CP, these findings are limited by the very low quality of the available evidence. High quality intervention trials are urgently needed.
Topics: Brain Injuries; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Developmental Disabilities; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Motor Skills; Motor Skills Disorders; Physical Therapy Modalities; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27899082
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0731-6 -
Physical & Occupational Therapy in... 2023To determine the level of evidence for the effectiveness of telerehabilitation against comparison interventions in improving child- and parent-related outcomes in...
AIM
To determine the level of evidence for the effectiveness of telerehabilitation against comparison interventions in improving child- and parent-related outcomes in children and youth with developmental disabilities.
METHOD
A systematic approach, comprised of a comprehensive search; transparent study selection, data extraction, quality assessment by independent reviewers; and synthesis of sufficiently similar data (per diagnostic group, health profession, and overall level of evidence for each outcome) was undertaken.
RESULTS
Fifty-five studies (29 randomized trials) were included across six diagnostic groups and ten health professions. Common telerehabilitation targets varied across diagnostic groups and included motor function, behavior, language, and parental self-efficacy. Telerehabilitation was found to be either more effective or as effective versus comparison intervention in improving 46.9% or 53.1% of outcomes, respectively. It was never found to be detrimental or less effective. Strong to moderate, limited, and insufficient levels of evidence were found for 36.5%, 24.5%, and 38.6% of the outcomes, respectively.
CONCLUSION
There is sufficient evidence suggesting that telerehabilitation is a promising alternative when face-to-face care is limited. It is comparable to usual care and is more effective than no treatment. Blending in-person and telerehabilitation approaches could be beneficial for the post-pandemic future of rehabilitation in pediatric care.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Child; Telerehabilitation; Developmental Disabilities; Parents
PubMed: 36042567
DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2022.2106468 -
Prevention Science : the Official... May 2024Parenting and family environment have significant impact on child development, including development of executive function, attention, and self-regulation, and may... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
All in the Family? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parenting and Family Environment as Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children.
Parenting and family environment have significant impact on child development, including development of executive function, attention, and self-regulation, and may affect the risk of developmental disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This paper examines the relationship of parenting and family environment factors with ADHD. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in 2014 and identified 52 longitudinal studies. A follow-up search in 2021 identified 7 additional articles, for a total of 59 studies that examined the association of parenting factors with ADHD outcomes: ADHD overall (diagnosis or symptoms), ADHD diagnosis specifically, or presence of the specific ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. For parenting factors that were present in three or more studies, pooled effect sizes were calculated separately for dichotomous or continuous ADHD outcomes, accounting for each study's conditional variance. Factors with sufficient information for analysis were parenting interaction quality (sensitivity/warmth, intrusiveness/reactivity, and negativity/harsh discipline), maltreatment (general maltreatment and physical abuse), parental relationship status (divorce, single parenting), parental incarceration, and child media exposure. All factors showed a significant direct association with ADHD outcomes, except sensitivity/warmth which had an inverse association. Parenting factors predicted diagnosis and overall symptoms as well as inattentive and hyperactive symptoms when measured, but multiple factors showed significant heterogeneity across studies. These findings support the possibility that parenting and family environment influences ADHD symptoms and may affect a child's likelihood of being diagnosed with ADHD. Prevention strategies that support parents, such as decreasing parenting challenges and increasing access to parent training in behavior management, may improve children's long-term developmental health.
Topics: Humans; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Parenting; Child; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35438451
DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01358-4 -
International Journal of Developmental... 2023: Within Family Quality of Life (FQoL) research, perceptions of siblings of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the setting of a family are... (Review)
Review
: Within Family Quality of Life (FQoL) research, perceptions of siblings of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the setting of a family are limited studied. The aim of this systematic review is to find relevant information about quality of life perceptions of siblings of people with IDD. Two main questions guided this review: (1) what are the siblings' perceptions on quality of life in the context of their family? (2) what needs and challenges do siblings have regarding their quality of life as siblings of individuals with IDD? : A systematic search was conducted using Scopus, PsycInfo, ERIC and Web of Science databases, involving keywords and combinations such as Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Family Quality of Life and siblings. : We identified a total of 48 articles. Analysis showed siblings' diverse perceptions of quality of life and their multiple experiences, needs, desires and concerns. : Results contribute to knowledge about the quality of life and well-being of siblings of all ages. Suggestions for support, interventions and future research are given, such as the necessity of educating local communities regarding siblings' needs, the study of siblings' experiences in different cultural contexts or the importance of conducting research with clear theoretical frameworks and focused on the multiple components that might be influencing siblings' quality of life.
PubMed: 37885836
DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2022.2036919 -
Intellectual and Developmental... Jun 2009Approximately 4.5 million Americans have an intellectual or developmental disability. Concern is increasing about these individuals' nutrition-related behavior and its... (Review)
Review
Approximately 4.5 million Americans have an intellectual or developmental disability. Concern is increasing about these individuals' nutrition-related behavior and its implications for their health. This article reports on a systematic search of the current literature listed in the PsycINFO and PubMed databases related to nutritional status of adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities. The authors used key terms for nutrition, secondary conditions, and intellectual and developmental disability and categorized literature pertaining to nutrition-related studies of adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities as follows: dietary intake studies, anthropometric assessments of nutritional risks, biochemical indexes, and clinical evaluations.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Cross-Sectional Studies; Deficiency Diseases; Disabled Persons; Humans; Malnutrition; Nutrition Assessment; Nutrition Surveys; Obesity; Overweight; Persons with Mental Disabilities; Risk Factors; Thinness; United States
PubMed: 19489663
DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-47.3.163 -
Journal of Developmental and Behavioral... Jan 2017Deformational plagiocephaly (includes plagiocephaly and brachycephaly) is a common pediatric condition. Infants who present with altered head shape often experience... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Deformational plagiocephaly (includes plagiocephaly and brachycephaly) is a common pediatric condition. Infants who present with altered head shape often experience developmental delay. It is uncertain how common developmental delay is in infants with plagiocephaly and how sustained this is, when present. This review explores the association between plagiocephaly and developmental delay to guide clinical practice.
STUDY DESIGN
A systematic review was conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PEDro databases were searched. Data from relevant studies were extracted regarding study: sample, follow-up, design, and findings. Methodological quality of each study was rated using a critical appraisal tool.
RESULTS
The search recovered 1315 articles of which 19 met the inclusion criteria. In the included studies, the children's ages ranged from 3 months to 10 years. Study limitations included selection bias, nonblinding of assessors, and reuse of the same study population for multiple papers. Most papers (11/19) rated "moderate" on methodological quality. A positive association between plagiocephaly and developmental delay was reported in 13 of 19 studies, including 4 of 5 studies with "strong" methodological quality. Delay was more frequently in studies with children ≤24 months of age (9/12 studies) compared with >24 months of age (3/7 studies). Motor delay was the most commonly affected domain reported in high-quality papers (5/5 studies).
CONCLUSION
This review suggests plagiocephaly is a marker of elevated risk of developmental delays. Clinicians should closely monitor infants with plagiocephaly for this. Prompt referral to early intervention services such as physiotherapy may ameliorate motor delays and identify infants with longer term developmental needs.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Infant; Plagiocephaly
PubMed: 28009719
DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000376