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Clinical Psychology Review Mar 2016Findings from systematic reviews and meta-analyses about the effectiveness of school-based programmes to prevent or reduce substance abuse are inconclusive. We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Findings from systematic reviews and meta-analyses about the effectiveness of school-based programmes to prevent or reduce substance abuse are inconclusive. We hypothesise that in order to be effective, programmes have to be aligned with the developmental stages of the intended target group (childhood, early, middle, or late adolescence). The present study provides an overview of universal and targeted programmes, while distinguishing four age groups and examining which intervention characteristics are the effective components for the respective groups.
METHODS
Databases were searched for controlled studies of school-based programmes, evaluating their effectiveness on either smoking, alcohol or drug use. Multivariate meta-regression analysis was used to analyse the associations between effects and programme characteristics.
RESULTS
Our meta-analysis evaluates 288 programmes with a total of 436,180 participants. The findings support our hypothesis that specific aspects of the school-based programmes are effective in some developmental stages, but not for other age groups. The differences in effectiveness are systematically related to psychological and cognitive needs and capacities.
DISCUSSION
Our findings highlight the importance of considering a developmental perspective when designing and offering school-based prevention programmes. The various developmental stages offer different possibilities and opportunities for the reduction and prevention of substance use.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Alcohol Drinking; Female; Humans; Male; School Health Services; Schools; Smoking Prevention; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 26722708
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.11.002 -
Clinical Psychology Review Apr 2023Trajectories of youth antisocial behavior (ASB) are characterized by continuity and change. Although numerous longitudinal studies have examined ASB, findings from...
BACKGROUND
Trajectories of youth antisocial behavior (ASB) are characterized by continuity and change. Although numerous longitudinal studies have examined ASB, findings from person-centered and variable-centered research have not yet been integrated. The present paper integrates findings across statistical methods for a more comprehensive understanding of the development of ASB. Neighborhood disadvantage is considered as a core moderator.
METHODS
The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database of systematic reviews (registration number CRD42021255820). The PsycINFO and PubMed databases were examined (September 2022) to identify longitudinal studies of youth aggression and/or rule-breaking. Results from person-centered and variable-centered studies were integrated via narrative synthesis, and a systematic quality assessment was conducted.
RESULTS
Of 8227 studies identified, 136 met inclusion criteria. Our review indicated that rule-breaking trajectories were largely distinguished by differences in rate of change (i.e., slope), whereas aggression trajectories differed more by baseline level (i.e., intercept), particularly in childhood. For adolescents in disadvantaged neighborhoods, however, aggression trajectories differed by both intercept and slope.
CONCLUSIONS
The respective importance of the intercept and slope differed across dimensions of ASB, developmental stage, and neighborhood residence. Neighborhood disadvantage was associated with trajectories of aggression, consistent with developmental theories emphasizing the role of person-environment interactions.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Aggression; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Longitudinal Studies; Residence Characteristics
PubMed: 36758465
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102253 -
Journal of Cancer Survivorship :... Oct 2016A cancer diagnosis during adolescence or young adulthood (AYA; defined as ages 15-39) generates unique medical and psychosocial needs as developmental milestones are... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
A cancer diagnosis during adolescence or young adulthood (AYA; defined as ages 15-39) generates unique medical and psychosocial needs as developmental milestones are simultaneously impacted. Past research highlights that AYAs' experiences and psychosocial outcomes are different, and more research and attention is needed. We aimed to identify and synthesize literature regarding psychosocial outcomes, unique needs, and existing psychosocial interventions pertaining to individuals diagnosed with cancer exclusively during AYA, and to highlight areas for future research.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and PsycINFO (via OVID). Grey literature was searched using key term variations and combinations. Overall, 15,301 records were assessed by two independent reviewers, with 38 studies meeting inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Data synthesis of the 38 articles was organized by four main themes based on quality of life and survivorship: physical well-being (7 studies), psychological well-being (8 studies), social well-being (9 studies), and survivorship care (14 studies). The paucity of studies for such broad inclusion criteria highlights that this population is often combined or subsumed under other age groups, missing needs unique to these AYAs.
CONCLUSIONS
AYA cancer survivors' experiences are nuanced, with interacting variables contributing to post-treatment outcomes. AYAs require age-appropriate and flexible care, informational needs and treatment-related education that foster autonomy for long-term survivorship, as well as improved follow-up care and psychological outcomes.
IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS
By incorporating these findings into practice, the informational and unmet needs of AYAs can be addressed effectively. Education and programming is lacking specific and general subject matter specific to AYAs, incorporating ranging needs at different treatment stages.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Humans; Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Stress, Psychological; Survivors; Young Adult
PubMed: 26920873
DOI: 10.1007/s11764-016-0527-6 -
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine Nov 2017Age estimation from dental developmental stages is considered comparatively more accurate, reliable and precise than other methods used in forensic sciences. Willems... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Age estimation from dental developmental stages is considered comparatively more accurate, reliable and precise than other methods used in forensic sciences. Willems method is the revised version of Demirjian method, based on modified dental maturity scores to estimate age of children in years for both the sexes.
AIMS
To test the applicability and accuracy level of Willems method of dental age estimation in diverse population samples by quantifying the variations between the chronological and estimated ages of an individual.
METHODOLOGY
A systematic search of online databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, Medline, Trip and Web of Science) was performed for identifying the articles utilizing Willems dental maturity scaling method for age estimation in children. All the research articles published in peer-reviewed English language journals between 2001 and January 2017 were included for present systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Out of the total 973 selected articles; thirty one studies were recruited for qualitative analysis and out of them, 15 studies were selected/identified for quantitative and meta-analysis. It was found that Willems method overestimates the age of children to a comparatively lesser extent (-0.04 and -0.02 years) than the Demirjian method (around six months).
CONCLUSION
Willems method of dental age estimation gives comparatively lesser overestimations of age than other methods reported in the available literature and is thus, accurate and reliable enough to be utilized for forensic purposes.
Topics: Age Determination by Teeth; Child; Ethnicity; Humans; Models, Statistical; Racial Groups; Radiography, Panoramic; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 28918371
DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.08.017 -
BMJ Open Dec 2017Infancy is a critical stage of life, and a secure relationship with caring and responsive caregivers is crucial for healthy infant development. Early parenting... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
Infancy is a critical stage of life, and a secure relationship with caring and responsive caregivers is crucial for healthy infant development. Early parenting interventions aim to support families in which infants are at risk of developmental harm. Our objective is to systematically review the effects of parenting interventions on child development and on parent-child relationship for at-risk families with infants aged 0-12 months.
DESIGN
This is a systematic review and meta-analyses. We extracted publications from 10 databases in June 2013, January 2015 and June 2016, and supplemented with grey literature and hand search. We assessed risk of bias, calculated effect sizes and conducted meta-analyses.
INCLUSION CRITERIA
(1) Randomised controlled trials of structured psychosocial interventions offered to at-risk families with infants aged 0-12 months in Western Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, (2) interventions with a minimum of three sessions and at least half of these delivered postnatally and (3) outcomes reported for child development or parent-child relationship.
RESULTS
Sixteen studies were included. Meta-analyses were conducted on seven outcomes represented in 13 studies. Parenting interventions significantly improved child behaviour (=0.14; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.26), parent-child relationship (=0.44; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.80) and maternal sensitivity (=0.46; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.65) postintervention. There were no significant effects on cognitive development (0.13; 95% CI -0.08 to 0.41), internalising behaviour (0.16; 95% CI -0.03 to 0.33) or externalising behaviour (0.16; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.30) post-intervention. At long-term follow-up we found no significant effect on child behaviour (0.15; 95% CI -0.03 to 0.31).
CONCLUSIONS
Interventions offered to at-risk families in the first year of the child's life appear to improve child behaviour, parent-child relationship and maternal sensitivity post-intervention, but not child cognitive development and internalising or externalising behaviour. Future studies should incorporate follow-up assessments to examine long-term effects of early interventions.
Topics: Child Behavior Disorders; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Early Medical Intervention; Humans; Infant; Infant Behavior; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Parents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 29284713
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015707 -
Environmental Research May 2016Air pollution is associated with increased risk of respiratory, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, but its association with cognitive functioning and impairment... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Air pollution is associated with increased risk of respiratory, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, but its association with cognitive functioning and impairment is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to examine whether a relationship exists between these variables across the life course.
METHODS
We searched Web of Knowledge, Pubmed, SciVerse Scopus, CINAHL, PsychInfo and Science Direct up to October 2015 to identify studies that investigated the association between air pollution and performance on neurocognitive tests.
RESULTS
Variations in exposure assessment and outcome measures make meta-analysis impossible. Thirty one studies published between 2006 and 2015, from the Americas (n=15), Asia (n=5) and Europe (n=11), met the criteria for inclusion. Many showed weak but quantified relationships between various air pollutants and cognitive function. Pollution exposure in utero has been associated with increased risk of neuro-developmental delay. Exposure in childhood has been inversely associated with neuro-developmental outcomes in younger children and with academic achievement and neurocognitive performance in older children. In older adults, air pollution has been associated with accelerated cognitive decline.
CONCLUSIONS
The evidence to date is coherent in that exposure to a range of largely traffic-related pollutants has been associated with quantifiable impairment of brain development in the young and cognitive decline in the elderly. There is insufficient evidence at present to comment on consistency, in view of the different indices of pollution and end-points measured, the limited number of studies, and the probability at this stage of publication bias. However, plausible toxicological mechanisms have been demonstrated and the evidence as a whole suggests that vehicular pollution, at least, contributes to cognitive impairment, adding to pressure on governments and individuals to continue to reduce air pollution.
Topics: Age Factors; Air Pollution; Cognition; Humans; Vehicle Emissions
PubMed: 26945620
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.018 -
Disability and Rehabilitation.... May 2023The voice is an important tool for people who use it daily in their occupations. However, what technological options are available to such individuals to allow them to...
SUMMARY
The voice is an important tool for people who use it daily in their occupations. However, what technological options are available to such individuals to allow them to monitor or take care of their voices?
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is to answer two research questions: (1) What technologies exist to monitor or take care of the voice in occupational voice users? (2) What is the technology readiness level (TRL) of the technologies used to monitor or take care of the voice in occupational voice users?
DATA SOURCES
Embase, IEEE, Medline, Proquest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted. Articles that reported results regarding technologies (hardware, software, or mobile apps) that were used to monitor or take care of the voice in occupational voice users were included.
RESULTS
After reviewing 4581 abstracts, 10 full text studies were included in the literature review. The technologies found include 30% hardware, 30% hardware plus software, and 50% mobile apps, with an overall TRL mean of 5.3 (SD = 2.3).
CONCLUSION
Further research is necessary for higher validity in the studies and to increase the readiness in the development of current technologies to offer more options for this population.Implications for RehabilitationThe evidence for the impact of the use of the technologies for occupational voice users is still lowThere is emerging evidence that mobile apps and artificial intelligence algorithms can be used to investigate vocal disorders or potential risks in occupational voice usersMore research is required to increase the readiness developmental stage of current technologies for occupational voice users.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Mobile Applications; Text Messaging; Algorithms
PubMed: 33306923
DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2020.1855264 -
Paediatric Anaesthesia Nov 2013Concern has been expressed that infants and children exposed to uneventful surgery and anesthesia may incur neurological injury that becomes manifest in poor scholastic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Concern has been expressed that infants and children exposed to uneventful surgery and anesthesia may incur neurological injury that becomes manifest in poor scholastic performance or future learning difficulties. A recent meta-analysis of seven clinical studies examined the relationship between learning or behavior difficulties and pediatric exposure to anesthesia/surgery and reported an odds ratio of 1.4; however, the level of association and causal factors remain unclear. The purpose of our study is to provide context to the pediatric anesthesia neurotoxicity question by reviewing the evidence linking four childhood illnesses with neurocognitive development. In the present review, we have sought to quantify the magnitude of the impact of chronic illness on neurocognitive development through a systematic review of publications that report the developmental trajectory of patients with four childhood diseases: cystic fibrosis (CF), hemophilia A, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and end-stage liver disease (ESLD).
METHODS
Studies were identified by searching the electronic databases OVID MEDLINE and Pubmed and scanning reference lists of articles by two authors. Limits were applied to the English language and to humans. We used the following search terms: CF, hemophilia A, ESRD, ESLD in combination with academic performance, educational status, educational measurement, learning, achievement, developmental delay, learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, behavioral disorders, intelligence quotient (IQ), cognition, school problems, absenteeism, school attendance, anxiety, learning regression, or developmental regression. The search strategy was reviewed independently by all four authors. Eligibility assessment was performed independently in an unblinded standardized manner by two authors who chose relevant articles from the overall search results by scanning the titles and abstracts of articles and from the references within citations. The full-text publications were reviewed by all four authors. All pertinent data related to the objectives were collected and independently reviewed by two authors. The data were summarized in the form reported in the studies. When possible, reported data were submitted to analysis with the Mantel-Haenszel method using a random effects model. Analyses were performed using the Review Manager computer program.
RESULTS
In the studies retrieved, the main outcomes were measures of intellectual or cognitive characteristics, as exemplified by the Wechsler battery of tests. Reporting of measures of achievement (for example, GPA) was rare. Children with CF and hemophilia A did not appear disadvantaged by their disease as general intelligence levels were comparable with the general population norms. In children with ESRD, mean IQ reported during dialysis improved after transplantation. Although they improved relative to their pretransplantation cognitive functioning, children with ESLD who received transplants are approximately eight IQ points below the population norm.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the results suggest that the burden of chronic childhood illness, by itself, does not impair cognitive development in children with hemophilia A and CF. Children with ESRD and ESLD, despite optimal management, show a mild cognitive deficit compared with the population norm. Given the impact of these four specific chronic illnesses on neurocognitive outcome in children and the improvement in IQ post-transplant in both ESRD and ESLD, the results suggest that the effect of an uncontrolled confounding illness on neurocognitive development is small.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Cystic Fibrosis; Educational Status; End Stage Liver Disease; Female; Hemophilia A; Humans; Infant; Intelligence Tests; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Liver Transplantation; Male; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Neuropsychological Tests; Wechsler Scales; Young Adult
PubMed: 24033636
DOI: 10.1111/pan.12255 -
Journal of Health Psychology Jan 2020This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the interplay between problematic gaming behaviour and health-related outcomes at different developmental... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the interplay between problematic gaming behaviour and health-related outcomes at different developmental stages. A total of 50 empirical studies met the specified inclusion criteria, and a meta-analysis using correlation coefficients was used for the studies that reported adverse health implications regarding the impact of problematic gaming behaviour on depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder and somatisation. Overall, the results suggested that problematic gaming behaviour is significantly associated with a wide range of detrimental health-related outcomes. Finally, the limitations of this review alongside its implications were discussed and considered for future research.
Topics: Anxiety; Behavior, Addictive; Humans; Internet; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Video Games
PubMed: 29192524
DOI: 10.1177/1359105317740414 -
The International Journal of... 2006The cellular and developmental analysis of evolutionary-conserved genes directing bilaterian mesodermal and myogenic cell fate previously identified the hydromedusan... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The cellular and developmental analysis of evolutionary-conserved genes directing bilaterian mesodermal and myogenic cell fate previously identified the hydromedusan entocodon and its differentiation product, the striated muscle, as mesodermal derivatives. In view of these findings we presented a hypothesis disputing the diploblast classification of cnidarians without providing further explanations for the apparent diploblasty of the polyp stage and the formation of the subepidermal striated muscle in those Medusozoa lacking the entocodon nodule (Seipel and Schmid, 2005). Hence we carried out a systematic review of the histological and experimental evidence for mesodermal differentiations in cnidarians. In anthozoan and scyphozoan but not in hydrozoan polyps the presumptive mesodermal elements include amoeboid cells, the mesentery retractor muscles and scleroblasts, all of which are embedded or deeply rooted in the extracellular matrix (mesoglea) and derive from the ectoblastemal cells invading the extracellular matrix from the gastrulation site during or shortly after endoderm formation. These data lend further support to the cnidarian mesodermate hypothesis, whereby cnidarians and bilaterians share a common triploblast ancestor, the Urtriploblast, a small, motile, possibly medusa-like organism that did not feature a sessile polyp stage in its life cycle. As a consequence the diploblasty of the hydrozoan polyps may represent a derived morphology resulting from heterochronic modulations of the gastrulation process after endoderm formation.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cnidaria; Germ Layers; Life Cycle Stages; Mesoderm; Models, Biological; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 16892172
DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.062150ks