-
Journal de Mycologie Medicale Aug 2022Mucormycosis is a rare but life-threatening disease with high morbidity and mortality and is difficult to diagnose. Mucormycosis, is a severe but rare fungal infection... (Review)
Review
Mucormycosis is a rare but life-threatening disease with high morbidity and mortality and is difficult to diagnose. Mucormycosis, is a severe but rare fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes. Diabetes, use of corticosteroids, metabolic/diabetic acidosis and Covid-19 mediated immunosuppression are reported in more than 70% of cases in mucormycosis patients. Coexisting mucormycosis, Covid-19 along with diabetes mellitus increase the likelihood of mortality. Despite its occurrence since the beginning of the pandemic, there are still unanswered concerns regarding the origin of this fungal infection and mortality rate and/or relation with diabetic patients. In this review, we describe the detailed view of causative pathogens responsible for mucormycosis, diabetes mellitus and Covid-19 association along with the morbidity cases during the latest Covid-19 crisis. In the case of mucormycosis diagnosis, imaging, histopathological confirmation, fungal culture and molecular identification methods should be considered. Once mucormycosis is diagnosed, a combined treating method consisting of antifungals administration like amphotericin B, surgical intervention is needed for the reversal of the underlying condition. Early detection of this potentially life-threatening infection and timely care is needed in lowering mortality rates.
Topics: Amphotericin B; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Humans; Mucormycosis
PubMed: 35219907
DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101257 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding transcripts that have emerged as one of the largest and diverse RNA families that regulate gene expression. Accumulating...
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding transcripts that have emerged as one of the largest and diverse RNA families that regulate gene expression. Accumulating evidence has suggested a number of lncRNAs are involved in diabetes mellitus (DM) pathogenesis. However, results about lncRNA expressions in DM patients are still inconclusive. Thus, we performed a systematic review of the literature on the subject followed by bioinformatics analyses to better understand which lncRNAs are dysregulated in DM and in which pathways they act. Pubmed, Embase, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repositories were searched to identify studies that investigated lncRNA expression in cases with DM and non-diabetic controls. LncRNAs consistently dysregulated in DM patients were submitted to bioinformatics analysis to retrieve their target genes and identify potentially affected signaling pathways under their regulation. Fifty-three eligible articles were included in this review after the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six hundred and thirty-eight lncRNAs were differentially expressed between cases and controls in at least one study. Among them, six lncRNAs were consistently dysregulated in patients with DM (, , , , , and ) compared to controls. Moreover, these six lncRNAs participate in several metabolism-related pathways, evidencing their importance in DM. This systematic review suggests six lncRNAs are dysregulated in DM, constituting potential biomarkers of this disease.
Topics: Animals; Case-Control Studies; Computational Biology; Computer Simulation; Diabetes Mellitus; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; RNA, Long Noncoding
PubMed: 33815273
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.602597 -
Diabetes Care Apr 2020Identifying patients at high risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) helps improve clinical outcome. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Identifying patients at high risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) helps improve clinical outcome.
PURPOSE
To establish a model for predicting DKD.
DATA SOURCES
The derivation cohort was from a meta-analysis. The validation cohort was from a Chinese cohort.
STUDY SELECTION
Cohort studies that reported risk factors of DKD with their corresponding risk ratios (RRs) in patients with type 2 diabetes were selected. All patients had estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) <30 mg/g at baseline.
DATA EXTRACTION
Risk factors and their corresponding RRs were extracted. Only risk factors with statistical significance were included in our DKD risk prediction model.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Twenty cohorts including 41,271 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in our meta-analysis. Age, BMI, smoking, diabetic retinopathy, hemoglobin A, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, UACR, and eGFR were statistically significant. All these risk factors were included in the model except eGFR because of the significant heterogeneity among studies. All risk factors were scored according to their weightings, and the highest score was 37.0. The model was validated in an external cohort with a median follow-up of 2.9 years. A cutoff value of 16 was selected with a sensitivity of 0.847 and a specificity of 0.677.
LIMITATIONS
There was huge heterogeneity among studies involving eGFR. More evidence is needed to power it as a risk factor of DKD.
CONCLUSIONS
The DKD risk prediction model consisting of nine risk factors established in this study is a simple tool for detecting patients at high risk of DKD.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Blood Pressure; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Time Factors
PubMed: 32198286
DOI: 10.2337/dc19-1897 -
PloS One 2014To determine the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To determine the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
METHODS
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. The literature search included two databases (PubMed and Embase) and the reference lists of the retrieved studies. Separate meta-analyses for case-control studies and cohort studies were conducted using random-effects models, with results reported as adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and relative risks (RRs), respectively.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies--seven case-control studies and six population-based cohort studies--were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled RR of the association between DM and POAG based on the risk estimates of the six cohort studies was 1.40 (95% CI, 1.25-1.57). The pooled OR of the association between DM and POAG based on the risk estimates of the seven case-control studies was 1.49 (95% CI, 1.17-1.88). There was considerable heterogeneity among the case-control studies that reported an association between DM mellitus and POAG (P<0.001) and no significant heterogeneity among the cohort studies (P = 0.377). After omitting the case-control study that contributed significantly to the heterogeneity, the pooled OR for the association between DM and POAG was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.06-1.74).
CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with DM have an increased risk of developing POAG.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25137059
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102972 -
Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews Jan 2019Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for cataract development. With T2D prevalence increasing, the burden of cataract-associated vision loss will also increase. We...
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for cataract development. With T2D prevalence increasing, the burden of cataract-associated vision loss will also increase. We aimed to characterise cataract diabetes-specific risk factors to assist prevention and management strategies. As part of a systematic review, two investigators independently searched online electronic databases according to a predetermined protocol for relevant published data to end-March 2018. Studies were included if they were longitudinal with ≥100 participants, diabetes was defined, a description of cataract assessment was provided, data were from humans, and the reports were in English. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and GRADE. Of 5255 publications identified, 19 from 13 study populations were included. The overall risk of bias was low. There was between-study variability. Age and glycaemic control were consistently associated with cataract development in T2D, but blood pressure, diabetes duration, sex, and aspirin use were not. Serum lipids and smoking remain possible risk factors, but available data are inconclusive. Glycaemia is the only consistent modifiable risk factor amongst a range of candidate variables. Due to the lack of consistency of the available evidence, and since mortality associated with T2D is declining with the likelihood of increased cataract-associated vision loss, additional well-conducted longitudinal studies are needed to identify modifiable risk factors that could prevent or delay cataract formation.
Topics: Age Factors; Blood Glucose; Cataract; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30209868
DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3073 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2021Diabetes has become a major public health problem, with 4.6 million deaths annually. The number of people living with undiagnosed diabetes is on the rise and has a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Diabetes has become a major public health problem, with 4.6 million deaths annually. The number of people living with undiagnosed diabetes is on the rise and has a diverse prevalence. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to synthesize the pooled estimate prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose and its associated factors in Ethiopia. The databases Medline, Hinari, Google Scholar, and Google search were used to find potential studies published from January 2013 until January 2021. Extracted data were entered into the excel spreadsheet. The random effects model with Der Simonian-Laird weights was used to assess the pooled estimate of prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and its associated factors. The Cochrane Q-test and I statistics were used to screen for statistical heterogeneity. A funnel plot and Egger's statistical test were also used to search for any publication bias (small study effect). After extensive searching of articles on different databases, a total of nine studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. In random effects model, the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose was 5.75%, 95% CI (3.90-7.59%), and 8.94%, 95% CI (2.60-15.28%), respectively. Regarding the associated factors, participants family history of diabetes was significantly associated with diabetes status. The pooled odds of developing diabetes mellitus among participants with a family history of diabetes mellitus were about 3.56 times higher than those without a family history of diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.56, 95% CI (2.23, 5.68)). In this review, the higher prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose was observed among adults in Ethiopia. Family history of diabetes was found to have an association with increased risk of diabetes mellitus. Our finding highlights the need of screening at the community level, with special focus on adults with family history of diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Ethiopia; Family Health; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Prediabetic State; Prevalence; Risk; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34931004
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03669-y -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Jun 2012The purpose of this study was to determine whether diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
The purpose of this study was to determine whether diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
METHODS
Relevant studies were identified in MEDLINE and EMBASE (up until November 1st, 2011). Inclusion criteria were original, peer-reviewed publications, with case-control and cohort studies (for studies on diabetes mellitus and colorectal cancer). Summary relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were calculated with a random-effects model.
RESULTS
Twenty-four studies including eight case-control and 16 cohort studies, with a total of 3,659,341 participants, were included in this updated systematic review and meta-analysis, and all involved diabetes mellitus and colorectal cancer risk. Meta-analysis of the 24 included studies indicated that diabetes was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, compared with no diabetes (summary RR of colorectal cancer incidence = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.20-1.31), without heterogeneity between studies (P(heterogeneity) = 0.296). Sub-group analyses found that these results were consistent between case-control and cohort studies and among studies conducted in different areas. The association between diabetes and colorectal cancer incidence did not differ significantly by sex and sub-sites. Insulin therapy was also positively associated with risk of colorectal cancer (summary RR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.18-1.35), with evidence of heterogeneity between studies (P(heterogeneity) = 0.014).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings further support a relationship between diabetes and increased risk of colon and rectal cancer in both women and men, and insulin therapy for diabetes may increase this risk.
Topics: Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; China; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Sex Distribution; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 22350783
DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2055-1 -
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice Aug 2023Robust data on type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and the risk of heart failure (HF) is scarce. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
Robust data on type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and the risk of heart failure (HF) is scarce.
METHODS
We searched PubMed and EMBASE for relevant studies, abstracted data on HF incidence rate and adjusted relative risk (aRR) for T1DM, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and controls, and pooled incidence rates and aRRs for HF across studies.
RESULTS
Four studies including 61,885 T1DM patients, 4,599,213 non-diabetic controls, and 248,021 T2DM patients (three studies) were included. The pooled average proportions of men were 56%, 54%, and 55%, for T1DM, T2DM, and controls, respectively. The corresponding pooled average participants' ages were 40, 65 and 57 years, respectively. Over a 1 to 12 years follow-up, 1378, 3993, 18,945 HF events occurred among individuals with T1DM, T2DM, and controls, yielding pooled HF incidence rates of 5.8 (95%CI: 4.1-7.6), 10.0 (95% CI: 6.1-13.9), 2.3 (95% CI: 1.5-3.2) per 1000 person-years, respectively. Compared to controls, T1DM patients had a 3-fold higher HF risk (aRR 3.4, 95% CI 2.71-4.26). The RR of HF was ∼ 5-fold higher in women (aRR: 4.9, 95% CI: 4.1-5.9) vs. 3-fold higher in men (aRR: 3.0, 95% CI: 2.2-4.0).
CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with T1DM had a substantially higher risk of HF compared to those without diabetes.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure
PubMed: 37356724
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110805 -
Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine Dec 2021: Sarcoidosis is multisystem inflammatory granulomatosis that can potentially affect any organ of the human body. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
: Sarcoidosis is multisystem inflammatory granulomatosis that can potentially affect any organ of the human body. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in sarcoidosis patients and determine the association between sarcoidosis and DM.: All relevant articles reporting the prevalence of DM in sarcoidosis published until September 19, 2020, were retrieved from ten electronic databases. We used the random effect model to perform the meta-analysis.: After screening 2,122 records, we included 19 studies (n = 18,686,162). The prevalence of DM in sarcoidosis patients was 12.7% (95% CI 10-16.1). The prevalence was highest in North America with 21.3% (13.5-31.8), followed by Europe 10.4 (7.9-13.7) and Asia 10% (1.8-39.7). Sarcoidosis patients had higher rates of DM compared to controls (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.49-2.05). Sensitivity analysis, after removing the largest weighted study, did not reveal any effect on the significance of the results (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.33-2.25).: The prevalence of DM in sarcoidosis is considerably high, with increased odds of DM in sarcoidosis compared to healthy controls. Further research with a wide range of confounders is required to confirm the association of sarcoidosis with DM.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus; Europe; Humans; Prevalence; Sarcoidosis
PubMed: 34018900
DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1932471 -
American Journal of Epidemiology Sep 2007The authors conducted a systematic review of published data on the association between diabetes mellitus and fracture. The authors searched MEDLINE through June 2006 and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The authors conducted a systematic review of published data on the association between diabetes mellitus and fracture. The authors searched MEDLINE through June 2006 and examined the reference lists of pertinent articles (limited to studies in humans). Summary relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated with a random-effects model. The 16 eligible studies (two case-control studies and 14 cohort studies) included 836,941 participants and 139,531 incident cases of fracture. Type 2 diabetes was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture in both men (summary relative risk (RR) = 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 6.6) and women (summary RR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.6, 2.7). Results were consistent between studies of men and women and between studies conducted in the United States and Europe. The association between type of diabetes and hip fracture incidence was stronger for type 1 diabetes (summary RR = 6.3, 95% CI: 2.6, 15.1) than for type 2 diabetes (summary RR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.2). Type 2 diabetes was weakly associated with fractures at other sites, and most effect estimates were not statistically significant. These findings strongly support an association between both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and increased risk of hip fracture in men and women.
Topics: Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Incidence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 17575306
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwm106