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Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jun 2015Dietary fibre supplements have been advocated for the management of chronic constipation (CC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Recently, a fermentable... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dietary fibre supplements have been advocated for the management of chronic constipation (CC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Recently, a fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) restricted diet has been recommended for IBS.
AIM
To systematically examine recent evidence for dietary interventions with fibre in CC and IBS and FODMAP-restricted diet in IBS, and provide recommendations.
METHODS
We searched PUBMED, MEDLINE, OVID and COCHRANE databases from 2004 to 2014. Published studies in adults with CC and IBS and constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C) that compared fibre with placebo/alternative and FODMAP-restricted diet with alternative were included.
RESULTS
Of 550 potentially eligible clinical trials on fibre, 11 studies were found and of 23 potentially eligible studies on FODMAPs, six were found. A meta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity and methodological quality. Fibre was beneficial in 5/7 studies in CC and 3/3 studies in IBS-C. FODMAP-restricted diet improved overall IBS symptoms in 4/4 and IBS-C symptoms in 1/3 studies and three studies did not meet inclusion criteria. There were significant disparities in subject selection, interventions and outcome assessments in both fibre and FODMAPs studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Fibre supplementation is beneficial in mild to moderate CC and IBS-C, although larger, more rigorous and long-term RCTs are needed (Fair evidence-Level II, Grade B). Although the FODMAP-restricted diet may be effective in short-term management of selected patients with IBS (Fair evidence-Level II, Grade C) and IBS-C (Poor evidence-Level III, Grade C), more rigorous trials are needed to establish long-term efficacy and safety, particularly on colonic health and microbiome.
Topics: Adult; Constipation; Diet Therapy; Dietary Fiber; Disaccharides; Disease Management; Fermentation; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Monosaccharides; Oligosaccharides; Polymers
PubMed: 25903636
DOI: 10.1111/apt.13167 -
The Journal of Dairy Research Aug 2023Milk and dairy products have great importance in human nutrition related to the presence of different nutrients, including protein, fatty acid profile and bioactive... (Review)
Review
Milk and dairy products have great importance in human nutrition related to the presence of different nutrients, including protein, fatty acid profile and bioactive compounds. Dietary supplementation with foods containing these types of compounds may influence the chemical composition of milk and dairy products and hence, potentially, the consumer. Our objective was to summarize the evidence of the effect of supplementation with antioxidants and phenolic compounds in the diets of dairy animals and their effects on milk and dairy products. We conducted a systematic search in the MEDLINE/PubMed database for studies published up until July 2022 that reported on supplementation with antioxidants and phenolic compounds in diets that included plants, herbs, seeds, grains and isolated bioactive compounds of dairy animals such as cows, sheep and goats and their effects on milk and dairy products. Of the 94 studies identified in the search, only 15 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The review revealed that supplementation with false flax cake, sweet grass, , mushroom myceliated grains and sweet grass promoted an effect on the milk lipid profile, whereas supplementation with dried grape pomace and tannin extract promoted an effect on the milk and cheese lipid profiles. In six studies, the addition of , hesperidin or naringin, durum wheat bran, mushroom myceliated grains, dried grape pomace and olive leaves increased the antioxidant activity of milk. In conclusion, supplementation with bioactive compounds had a positive impact which ranged from an increase in antioxidant capacity to a decrease in oxidative biomarkers such as malondialdehyde.
Topics: Female; Cattle; Sheep; Animals; Humans; Antioxidants; Diet; Milk; Fatty Acids; Phenols; Goats; Dietary Supplements; Lactation; Animal Feed
PubMed: 37655445
DOI: 10.1017/S0022029923000511 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Dec 2022Introduction: the main treatment for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) corresponds to cognitive behavioral therapy in conjunction with pharmacotherapy. Together...
Introduction: the main treatment for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) corresponds to cognitive behavioral therapy in conjunction with pharmacotherapy. Together they seek to attenuate the behavioral symptoms of these patients, as well as to increase their social functionality. However, other strategies have become popular to achieve the same goal of classical treatment. Particularly, nutritional interventions are positioned above others, and it is necessary to investigate their effectiveness, considering that children with ASD present a marked food selectivity, as well as gastrointestinal alterations. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional interventions in the behavioral symptomatology of infants with ASD. Methods: a systematic search was carried out in the Scopus and PubMed databases, in Spanish and English. The filters of clinical studies and original articles were used, choosing only nutritional interventions in children under 19 years of age and who had had at least 4 weeks of intervention. Results: evidence was found on gluten- and casein-free diets, ketogenic diet, omega-3 supplementation, prebiotics/probiotics, and vitamins/minerals presenting positive results in most of the articles analyzed; however, the heterogeneity presented requires a greater body of evidence to promote its use. Conclusion: the five types of nutritional interventions evaluated show varied evidence that does not allow defining the degree of effectiveness between one or the other in terms of behavioral improvements in the population with ASD.
Topics: Child; Humans; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Diet; Probiotics; Caseins; Prebiotics
PubMed: 36454020
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04155 -
Journal of the American College of... 2020Our objective was to synthesize both trial and observational studies and undertake a meta-analysis to explore the associations between calcium from dietary and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The Evidence and Controversy Between Dietary Calcium Intake and Calcium Supplementation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials.
Our objective was to synthesize both trial and observational studies and undertake a meta-analysis to explore the associations between calcium from dietary and supplemental intakes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Data sources were from PubMed, Cochrane Central, Scopus, and Web of Science, published from the inception dates up to March 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies with data on dietary or supplemental intake of calcium, with or without vitamin D, and cardiovascular outcomes, were included. Of the 1,212 identified studies, 26 prospective cohort studies and 16 RCTs were included. Results of cohort studies reveled that dietary calcium intakes (DCIs) ranging from 200 to 1500 mg/d did not affect the risk of CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke (relative risk (RR) RR = 0.96, 95% CI, 0.87-1.05; RR = 0.98, 95% CI, 0.88-1.08; RR = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.85-1.04). Pooled RR of RCTs showed that the risk of CHD due to calcium supplements (CSs) increased 8% (RR = 1.08, 95% CI, 1.02-1.22; I = 0.0%) and increased 20% allocated to CSs alone (RR = 1.20, 95% CI, 1.08-1.33; I = 0.0%). CSs increased the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) by 14% (RR = 1.14, 95% CI, 1.05-1.25; I = 0.0%), and CSs alone increased the MI risk 21% (RR = 1.21, 95% CI, 1.08-1.35; I = 0.0%). We concluded that calcium intake from dietary sources do not adequately increase the risk of CVD including CHD and stroke, while calcium supplements might raise CHD risk, especially MI.
Topics: Calcium, Dietary; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Disease; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Observational Studies as Topic; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stroke; Vitamin D
PubMed: 31625814
DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1649219 -
Nutrients Oct 2022: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a neurodegenerative ophthalmic disease. The purpose of this systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis was to evaluate if... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a neurodegenerative ophthalmic disease. The purpose of this systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis was to evaluate if dietary supplementation alone or in combinations might delay the progression of any of the stages of AMD. A SR and meta-analysis identifying cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of supplements in patients diagnosed with AMD. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched through 8th October 2021. Twenty studies, examining 5634 participants ranging from 55 to 80 years, were included in the SR. Eight studies were selected for meta-analysis (414 and 216 subjects in the intervention and control groups). Lutein and zeaxanthin plus -3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 LC-PUFA) supplementation showed significant improvements in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (SMD: -1.99, 95% CI: -3.33, -0.65) compared to the control group. Multifocal electroretinogram results (mfERG) were significantly improved overall (SMD: 4.59, 95% CI: 1.75, 7.43) after lutein plus zeaxanthin supplementation. Combinations of lutein and zeaxanthin with -3 LC-PUFA might be beneficial in preventing AMD progression and deterioration of visual function. Our results encourage initiating further studies with combinations of -3 LC-PUFA, lutein, and zeaxanthin especially in early AMD patients.
Topics: Humans; Zeaxanthins; Lutein; Xanthophylls; Visual Acuity; Double-Blind Method; Macular Degeneration; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Omega-3
PubMed: 36296956
DOI: 10.3390/nu14204273 -
Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) Mar 2022Post-transplant diabetes mellitus is associated with long-term immunosuppression and weight gain, and is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease,...
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus is associated with long-term immunosuppression and weight gain, and is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, accelerated loss of graft and increased mortality. There is an absence of strong evidence-based dietary guidelines for the prevention and management of post-transplant diabetes mellitus in kidney transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to systematically review all dietary evidence for kidney transplant recipients on clinical outcomes relating to diabetes, patient-reported outcomes and economic outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in August 2020 using the databases Medline, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL. Studies were critically appraised using Cochrane risk of bias tools and GRADE. A total of 12 studies and 1928 participants were included. Four papers focused on diet and exercise, one paper on diet only, two papers on magnesium supplementation, one paper on magnesium and fibre intake, two papers on Mediterranean diet, one paper on marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation and one paper on fruit and vegetable intake. There were no significant effects on outcomes relating to dietary counselling, magnesium supplementation, magnesium and fibre intake or marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation. Low-quality evidence supports the Mediterranean diet in reducing the risk of post-transplant diabetes mellitus and fasting plasma glucose levels. Low-quality evidence suggests vegetable intake being associated with a lower risk of post-transplant diabetes mellitus. This review demonstrates limited evidence for dietary interventions in the prevention and management of diabetes in post-kidney transplantation. The findings suggest that further high-quality research with robust study designs is required.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 34610191
DOI: 10.1111/nep.13982 -
BMC Nephrology Jul 2020Dietary and lifestyle factors may play an important role in the increasing prevalence of nephrolithiasis. We aimed to review and quantify the associations between... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Dietary and lifestyle factors may play an important role in the increasing prevalence of nephrolithiasis. We aimed to review and quantify the associations between lifestyle factors and incident nephrolithiasis and suggest lifestyle changes for the primary prevention of nephrolithiasis.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched up to May 2019, for observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed modifiable lifestyle factors and risk of nephrolithiasis in adults. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using a random effects model. The I statistic was employed to evaluate heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression were also conducted whenever possible.
RESULTS
Fifty relevant articles with 1,322,133 participants and 21,030 cases in total were identified. Prominent risk factors for incident stones were body mass index (1.39,1.27-1.52), dietary sodium (1.38, 1.21-1.56), fructose, meat, animal protein, and soda. In contrast, protective factors included fluid intake (0.55, 0.51-0.60), a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) style diet (0.69, 0.64-0.75), alcohol (0.69, 0.56-0.85), water, coffee, tea, vegetables, fruits, dietary fiber, dietary calcium (0.83, 0.76-0.90), and potassium. Vitamin D (1.22, 1.01-1.49) and calcium (1.16, 1.00-1.35) supplementation alone increased the risk of stones in meta-analyses of observational studies, but not in RCTs, where the cosupplementation conferred significant risk.
CONCLUSIONS
Several modifiable factors, notably fluid intake, dietary patterns, and obesity, were significantly associated with nephrolithiasis. Long-term RCTs are required to investigate the cost-effectiveness of dietary patterns for stone prevention. The independent and combined effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on nephrolithiasis need further elucidation.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Calcium, Dietary; Carbonated Beverages; Coffee; Diet; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Drinking Behavior; Drinking Water; Fruit; Humans; Life Style; Nephrolithiasis; Potassium, Dietary; Primary Prevention; Tea; Vegetables; Vitamin D
PubMed: 32652950
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01925-3 -
Nutrition Reviews Sep 2019Obesity has been linked to the intestinal microenvironment. Diet plays an important role in obesity and has been associated with microbiota.
CONTEXT
Obesity has been linked to the intestinal microenvironment. Diet plays an important role in obesity and has been associated with microbiota.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review sought to evaluate the scientific evidence on the effect of dietary modification, including supplementation with prebiotics and probiotics, on microbiota diversity in obesity.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic search was performed in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Studies were considered eligible if they were clinical trials evaluating dietary intervention and microbiota, body weight, or clinical parameters in obesity.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers.
RESULTS
From 168 articles identified, 20 were included (n = 931 participants). Increased phyla abundance after food interventions was the main finding in relation to microbiota. Regarding the impact of interventions, increased insulin sensitivity, reduced levels of inflammatory markers, and reduced body mass index were shown in several studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Interventions that modulate microbiota, especially prebiotics, show encouraging results in treating obesity, improving insulin levels, inflammatory markers, and body mass index. Because the studies included in this review were heterogeneous, it is difficult to achieve conclusive and definitive results.
PubMed: 31188447
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz022 -
International Journal of Dermatology Feb 2020Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a systemic recalcitrant inflammatory condition characterized by debilitating lesions with high morbidity. Its known association with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a systemic recalcitrant inflammatory condition characterized by debilitating lesions with high morbidity. Its known association with obesity and smoking indicate correlation with other environmental factors, such as diet, suggesting a larger role for lifestyle modifications in disease treatment. This study seeks to assess the contribution of weight loss and dietary intake in HS management. A primary literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL in November 2018 to include association and intervention studies on the influence of diet and weight on HS. Twenty-five articles were included. Meta-analysis of nine case-control studies across Asia, Europe, and the United States showed that HS patients are four times more likely to be obese compared to the general population; random effects pooled odds ratio 4.022 (2.667-6.065), P < 0.001. Five articles assessed weight-loss interventions and revealed mixed findings. The remaining articles included three association studies on micronutrient levels, eight dietary intervention studies, and one article analyzing both micronutrient association and dietary intervention. Included articles in this systematic review reveal that low serum zinc and vitamin D levels are associated with increased lesion count in HS. Supplementation of zinc, vitamin D, vitamin B12, or exclusion of dairy or brewer's yeast can be effective in partial or complete lesion resolution. Reviewed data show that weight loss from bariatric surgery may lead to HS improvement but often results in more severe malnutrition that worsens or even leads to new onset HS post bariatric surgery. Future reporting is needed to conclusively determine the role of diet in HS.
Topics: Diet; Diet, Reducing; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Micronutrients; Obesity; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D; Weight Loss; Zinc
PubMed: 31651051
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14691 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) May 2023Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disease from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, with inflammatory cytokines and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effect of Dietary Intervention, with or without Cointerventions, on Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disease from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, with inflammatory cytokines and adipokines identified as drivers of disease progression. Poor dietary patterns are known to promote an inflammatory milieu, although the effects of specific diets remain largely unknown. This review aimed to gather and summarize new and existing evidence on the effect of dietary intervention on inflammatory markers in patients with NAFLD. The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched for clinical trials which investigated outcomes of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Eligible studies included adults >18 y with NAFLD, which compared a dietary intervention with an alternative diet or control (no intervention) group or were accompanied by supplementation or other lifestyle interventions. Outcomes for inflammatory markers were grouped and pooled for meta-analysis where heterogeneity was allowed. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Criteria. Overall, 44 studies with a total of 2579 participants were included. Meta-analyses indicated intervention with an isocaloric diet plus supplement was more effective in reducing C-reactive protein (CRP) [standard mean difference (SMD): 0.44; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.68; P = 0.0003] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (SMD: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.46; P = 0.03) than an isocaloric diet alone. No significant weighting was shown between a hypocaloric diet with or without supplementation for CRP (SMD: 0.30; 95% CI: -0.84, 1.44; P = 0.60) and TNF-α (SMD: 0.01; 95% CI: -0.43, 0.45; P = 0.97). In conclusion, hypocaloric and energy-restricted diets alone or with supplementation, and isocaloric diets with supplementation were shown to be most effective in improving the inflammatory profile of patients with NAFLD. To better determine the effectiveness of dietary intervention alone on a NAFLD population, further investigations of longer durations, with larger sample sizes are required.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Diet, Reducing; Obesity; C-Reactive Protein; Adipokines
PubMed: 36796436
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.01.001