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Journal of Eating Disorders Nov 2022Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder/Genito-Pelvic Dysesthesia (PGAD/GPD) characterized by recurrent physiological genital without corresponding psychological arousal is... (Review)
Review
Exploring the link between eating disorders and persistent genital arousal disorder/genito-pelvic dysesthesia: first description and a systematic review of the literature.
BACKGROUND
Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder/Genito-Pelvic Dysesthesia (PGAD/GPD) characterized by recurrent physiological genital without corresponding psychological arousal is a poorly understood and researched condition. Based on the first two case descriptions of eating disorders directly linked to PGAD/GPD the aim of this paper was to systematically review the literature on possible associations between eating disorders and PGAD/GPD.
METHOD
A systematic literature search on eating disorders and PGAD/GPD was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus, complemented by Google Scholar. We included case reports, case series, cross-sectional studies and review articles published in peer-reviewed journals written in English or German-language.
RESULTS
The included original papers described a total of 2078 cases with PGAD/GPD symptomatology. Of these, 892 participants fulfilled all five PGAD/GPD core criteria. The aetiology of PGAD/GPD is unknown. Multifactorial genesis of PGAD/GPD is presumed including neurological, pharmacological, hormonal, vascular and psychological causes. A high degree of psychological comorbidity is reported. No study was found that drew a direct link between eating disorders and PGAD/GPD. Although PGAD/GPD symptoms also occur in adolescents, there are no findings in this regard. However, we found a gap in data collection: eating disorders as potential psychiatric comorbidities were systematically recorded in only a few studies.
CONCLUSION
The existing literature have not yet considered a possible link between eating disorders and PGAD/GPD so far. According to the authors' knowledge, this work is the first review to systematically explore the associations. We suspect underreporting of PGAD/GPD cases in eating disorders and particularly during adolescence. We argue that there are several common factors that appear to be important in the etiology, course, and treatment of both disorders (e.g. hormonal dysregulation or sensory sensitivity and avoidance), warranting future research on the possible comorbidity of these disorders.
PubMed: 36357896
DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00687-7 -
The Journal of Headache and Pain Feb 2024To compare the outcomes associated with the use of lasmiditan, rimegepant, ubrogepant, and zavegepant for the acute management of migraine headaches. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Comparison of effectiveness and safety of lasmiditan and CGRP-antagonists for the acute treatment of migraine in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the outcomes associated with the use of lasmiditan, rimegepant, ubrogepant, and zavegepant for the acute management of migraine headaches.
METHODS
We searched four electronic databases from database inception to August 31, 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that report efficacy and safety for the acute treatment of migraine. The risk of bias in the included RCTs was evaluated according to the Cochrane tool, and the certainty of evidence using the CINeMA approach. We conducted frequentist network meta-analyses (NMA) to summarise the evidence. Data were analyzed using R-4.3.1.
RESULTS
A total of 18 eligible studies including 10 different types of interventions with 22,429 migraine patients were included. NMA results showed that compared to ubrogepant (25 mg and 50 mg) and zavegepant, lasmiditan (100 mg and 200 mg) exhibits an elevated probability of achieving pain relief within a 2-hour interval. Similarly, relative to zavegepant, rimegepant (75 mg) and ubrogepant (50 mg and 100 mg) demonstrate an enhanced likelihood of sustaining pain relief over a 24-hour period. Furthermore, in contrast to ubrogepant (25 mg) and lasmiditan (50 mg), rimegepant (75 mg) presents a heightened probability of achieving freedom from photophobia within 2 h. Regarding safety, lasmiditan carries the highest risk of adverse events, which are associated with an increased incidence of adverse effects, including dizziness, somnolence, asthenia, paresthesia, and fatigue.
CONCLUSIONS
In this NMA, a spectrum of evidence ranging from very low to high levels underscores the favorable efficacy and tolerability of rimegepant 75 mg and ubrogepant 100 mg, positioning them as potential candidates for the acute management of migraine. Concurrently, lasmiditan (100 mg and 200 mg) exhibits notable efficacy, albeit accompanied by an increased susceptibility to adverse events. These findings should still be approached with caution, primarily due to the intrinsic limitations associated with indirect comparisons.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Benzamides; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Migraine Disorders; Network Meta-Analysis; Pain; Piperidines; Pyridines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38311738
DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01723-4 -
Medicine Mar 2016Available systematic reviews showed uncertainty on the effectiveness of using acupuncture and related therapies for palliative cancer care. The aim of this systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Available systematic reviews showed uncertainty on the effectiveness of using acupuncture and related therapies for palliative cancer care. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize current best evidence on acupuncture and related therapies for palliative cancer care. Five international and 3 Chinese databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing acupuncture and related therapies with conventional or sham treatments were considered. Primary outcomes included fatigue, paresthesia and dysesthesias, chronic pain, anorexia, insomnia, limb edema, constipation, and health-related quality of life, of which effective conventional interventions are limited. Thirteen RCTs were included. Compared with conventional interventions, meta-analysis demonstrated that acupuncture and related therapies significantly reduced pain (2 studies, n = 175, pooled weighted mean difference: -0.76, 95% confidence interval: -0.14 to -0.39) among patients with liver or gastric cancer. Combined use of acupuncture and related therapies and Chinese herbal medicine improved quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal cancer (2 studies, n = 111, pooled standard mean difference: 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.36-1.13). Acupressure showed significant efficacy in reducing fatigue in lung cancer patients when compared with sham acupressure. Adverse events for acupuncture and related therapies were infrequent and mild. Acupuncture and related therapies are effective in reducing pain, fatigue, and in improving quality of life when compared with conventional intervention alone among cancer patients. Limitations on current evidence body imply that they should be used as a complement, rather than an alternative, to conventional care. Effectiveness of acupuncture and related therapies for managing anorexia, reducing constipation, paresthesia and dysesthesia, insomnia, and limb edema in cancer patients is uncertain, warranting future RCTs in these areas.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Humans; Neoplasms; Palliative Care
PubMed: 26945382
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002901 -
Aesthetic Surgery Journal Feb 2014Abdominoplasty is a common cosmetic procedure; nerve injury is an underexplored risk of the procedure. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Abdominoplasty is a common cosmetic procedure; nerve injury is an underexplored risk of the procedure.
OBJECTIVE
The authors review existing literature to examine the incidence and treatment of nerve injuries after abdominoplasty procedures and provide a treatment algorithm based on their results.
METHODS
A search of the literature on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was undertaken. After full-text review, 23 articles met our criteria. Any mentions of nerve injury, including references to a lack of nerve injury, were documented. All data were pooled for analysis. From our combined data, we calculated the risks of postabdominoplasty nerve injury by dividing the total number of nerve injuries by the total number of patients.
RESULTS
Pooled data showed that 1.94% of patients sustained specific nerve injury, and 1.02% of patients sustained permanent injury after abdominoplasty. In addition, 7.67% experienced decreased sensation, 1.07% reported chronic pain, and 0.44% reported temporary weakness or paralysis. Nerves directly injured were the lateral femoral cutaneous (1.36% of patients) and iliohypogastric (0.10%) nerves. Nerves injured from surgical positioning were the brachial plexus (0.10%), musculocutaneous (0.10%), radial (0.05%), sciatic (0.19%), and common peroneal (0.05%) nerves.
CONCLUSIONS
Although our results showed a low incidence of postabdominoplasty nerve injury, the lasting impact on affected patients' quality of life can be significant. Appropriate and timely treatment by a multidisciplinary team is critical to optimize patient outcomes. Better reporting of nerve injuries in future studies of abdominoplasty will provide more accurate information about the incidence and consequences of these injuries.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
4.
Topics: Abdominoplasty; Chronic Pain; Humans; Hypesthesia; Muscle Weakness; Paralysis; Paresthesia; Patient Positioning; Peripheral Nerve Injuries
PubMed: 24436448
DOI: 10.1177/1090820X13516341 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Sep 2023Surgical treatment of finger nerve injury is common for hand trauma. However, there are various surgical options with different functional outcomes. The aims of this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Surgical treatment of finger nerve injury is common for hand trauma. However, there are various surgical options with different functional outcomes. The aims of this study are to compare the outcomes of various finger nerve surgeries and to identify factors associated with the postsurgical outcomes via a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
The literature related to digital nerve repairs were retrieved comprehensively by searching the online databases of PubMed from January 1, 1965, to August 31, 2021. Data extraction, assessment of bias risk and the quality evaluation were then performed. Meta-analysis was performed using the postoperative static 2-point discrimination (S2PD) value, moving 2-point discrimination (M2PD) value, and Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing (SWMF) good rate, modified Highet classification of nerve recovery good rate. Statistical analysis was performed using the R (V.3.6.3) software. The random effects model was used for the analysis. A systematic review was also performed on the other influencing factors especially the type of injury and postoperative complications of digital nerve repair.
RESULTS
Sixty-six studies with 2446 cases were included in this study. The polyglycolic acid conduit group has the best S2PD value (6.71 mm), while the neurorrhaphy group has the best M2PD value (4.91 mm). End-to-side coaptation has the highest modified Highet's scoring (98%), and autologous nerve graft has the highest SWMF (91%). Age, the size of the gap, and the type of injury were factors that may affect recovery. The type of injury has an impact on the postoperative outcome of neurorrhaphy. Complications reported in the studies were mainly neuroma, cold sensitivity, paresthesia, postoperative infection, and pain.
CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrated that the results of surgical treatment of digital nerve injury are generally satisfactory; however, no nerve repair method has absolute advantages. When choosing a surgical approach to repair finger nerve injury, we must comprehensively consider various factors, especially the gap size of the nerve defect, and postoperative complications. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Topics: Humans; Neurosurgical Procedures; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Autografts; Databases, Factual; Peripheral Nerve Injuries
PubMed: 37700356
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04076-x -
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey May 2011State of the art guidance exists for management of vulvodynia, but the scientific basis for interventions has not been well described. Although there are many... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
State of the art guidance exists for management of vulvodynia, but the scientific basis for interventions has not been well described. Although there are many interventional therapies, and their use is increasing, there is also uncertainty or controversy about their efficacy.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically assess benefits and harms of interventional therapies for vulvodynia and vestibulodynia.
METHODS
The following databases were searched, using MeSH terms for studies related to the treatment of vulvodynia or vulva pain/pruritus/dysesthesia/hyperesthesia/hypersensitivity: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EBSCO Academic, and Google Scholar. Using Medical Subject Reference sections of relevant original articles, reviews, and evidence-based guidelines were screened manually. Manual searching for indirect evidence supporting interventions was done whenever no direct evidence was found for a treatment described within a review or guideline. Each modality is assessed with a grading system similar to the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. The grading system assesses study quality, effect size, benefits, risks, burdens, and costs.
RESULTS
For improvement of pain and/or function in women with vestibulodynia (provoked localized vulvodynia), there was fair evidence that vestibulectomy was of benefit, but the size of the effect cannot be determined with confidence. There was good evidence of a placebo effect from multiple studies of nonsurgical interventions. There was fair evidence of lack of efficacy for several nonsurgical interventions. There were several interventions for which there were insufficient evidence to reliably evaluate. There was insufficient evidence to judge harms or to judge long-term benefits. For clinically meaningful improvement of pain in women with generalized unprovoked vulvodynia, there was insufficient evidence for benefit of any intervention. There was fair evidence of a placebo effect in people with neuropathic pain and functional pain syndromes, from multiple studies of interventions. Based on indirect evidences from studies of patients with other pain disorders, interventions may be selected for future research.
CONCLUSION
There is fair evidence for effectiveness of vestibulectomy for vestibulodynia; however, there is uncertainty about the size of the absolute effect, because of the risk of bias inherent in studies of pain interventions without a placebo control group. Providers and patients looking for evidence-based interventions for generalized unprovoked vulvodynia may need to rely on indirect evidences from studies of neuropathic pain and functional pain syndromes.
TARGET AUDIENCE
Obstetricians & gynecologists, family physicians.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completion of this educational activity, the obstetrician/gynecologist should be better able to identify potential causes of vulvar pain to facilitate diagnosis of vulvodynia and vestibulodynia, distinguish between the symptoms of localized, provoked vulvodynia and generalized unprovoked vulvodynia to select the most appropriate therapies, evaluate the efficacy of surgical and nonsurgical interventions for the treatment of generalized unprovoked and localized, provoked vulvodynia. In addition, assess the benefits and risks of interventional therapies for vulvodynia and vestibulodynia to improve patient care.
Topics: Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Humans; Placebo Effect; Vulva; Vulvodynia
PubMed: 21794194
DOI: 10.1097/OGX.0b013e3182277fb7 -
Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic... 2022Forehead reduction, or hairline lowering surgery, is becoming more popular as a cosmetic procedure for patients with disproportionately large foreheads. A large... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Forehead reduction, or hairline lowering surgery, is becoming more popular as a cosmetic procedure for patients with disproportionately large foreheads. A large forehead can make a patient appear older, be masculinizing, and less attractive. To quantify reported outcomes in patients undergoing forehead reduction. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of adults undergoing forehead reduction. A review protocol was published in PROSPERO (CRD42020183366). A research librarian created search strategies in multiple databases. Abstracts and full texts were reviewed in duplicate. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale and Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool were used. Random effects meta-analyses were performed. The primary outcome was amount of reduction. Other extracted data included study type, location, sample size, scalp fixation method, incision, complications, follow-up time, percentage female, and age. Our search strategy found 376 unique citations, and 8 studies were included. All eight were retrospective cohort studies, comprising 882 patients (range 5-525). Study quality was high, and risk of bias ranged from unclear to high. Four studies were included for meta-analysis, totaling 801 patients. Mean amount of reduction was 1.6 cm (95% confidence interval: 1.4-1.8). Complications included temporary and permanent alopecia, unacceptable scarring, persistent paresthesia, and hematoma. The pooled complication rate was 1% or less. Forehead reduction is associated with a low complication rate (<1%), and a mean lowering of 1.6 cm is reported. Future studies should report mean and standard deviation of reduction, and should follow patients for at least 12 months.
Topics: Cosmetic Techniques; Forehead; Humans; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 33601981
DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2020.0474 -
Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Apr 2014This study compared postoperative technical, quality-of-life, and cost outcomes following either robotic or open thyroidectomy for thyroid nodules and cancer. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
This study compared postoperative technical, quality-of-life, and cost outcomes following either robotic or open thyroidectomy for thyroid nodules and cancer.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.
REVIEW METHODS
We examined relevant controlled trials, comparative effectiveness studies, and cohort studies for eligible publications. We calculated the pooled relative risk for key postoperative complications, mean differences for operative time, and standardized mean differences for length of stay (LOS) using random effects models. Quality-of-life outcomes were summarized in narrative form.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis comprised 11 studies with 726 patients undergoing robotic transaxillary or axillo-breast thyroidectomy and 1205 undergoing open thyroidectomy. There were no eligible cost-related studies. Mean operative time for robotic thyroidectomy exceeded open thyroidectomy by 76.7 minutes, while no significant difference in LOS was identified. There were no significant differences in hematoma, seroma, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hypocalcemia, or chyle leak rates. The systematic review included 12 studies. Voice, swallowing, pain, and paresthesia outcomes showed no significant differences between the 2 approaches. The robotic cohort reported higher cosmetic satisfaction scores, although follow-up periods did not exceed 3 months and no validated questionnaires were used.
CONCLUSIONS
Transaxillary and axillo-breast robotic and open thyroidectomy demonstrate similar complication rates, but robotic approaches may introduce the risk of new complications and require longer operative times. Robotic thyroidectomy appears to improve cosmetic outcomes, although longer follow-up periods and use of validated instruments are needed to more rigorously examine this effect.
Topics: Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Operative Time; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Care; Postoperative Complications; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Assessment; Robotics; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Nodule; Thyroidectomy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 24500878
DOI: 10.1177/0194599814521779 -
Cerebrovascular Diseases (Basel,... Mar 2024Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) has emerged as a promising tool in ischemic stroke rehabilitation. However, there has been no systematic review summarizing its adverse...
INTRODUCTION
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) has emerged as a promising tool in ischemic stroke rehabilitation. However, there has been no systematic review summarizing its adverse effects, critical information for patients and providers when obtaining informed consent for this novel treatment. This systematic review and meta-analysis reports the adverse effects of VNS.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to identify common complications after VNS therapy. The search was executed in: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE. All prospective, randomized controlled trials using implanted VNS therapy in adult patients were eligible for inclusion. Case studies and studies lacking complete complication reports were excluded. Extracted data included technology name, location of implantation, follow-up duration, purpose of VNS, and adverse event rates.
RESULTS
After title-and-abstract screening of 4933 studies, 21 were selected for final inclusion. Across these studies, 1474 patients received VNS implantation. VNS was used as a potential therapy for epilepsy (9), depression (8), anxiety (1), ischemic stroke (1), chronic heart failure (1), and fibromyalgia (1). The 5 most common post-implant adverse events were voice alteration/hoarseness (n=671, 45.5%), paresthesia (n = 233, 15.8%), cough (n = 221, 15.0%), dyspnea (n = 211, 14.3%), and pain (n = 170, 11.5%).
CONCLUSIONS
Complications from VNS are mild and transient, with reduction in severity and number of adverse events with increasing follow-up time. In prior studies, VNS has served as treatment option in several instances of treatment-resistant conditions, such as epilepsy and psychiatric conditions, and its use in stroke recovery and rehabilitation should continue to be explored.
PubMed: 38471473
DOI: 10.1159/000536362 -
World Neurosurgery Dec 2022Endoscopic lumbar discectomy has been an alternative for treating lumbar disc herniation. Evidence-based study for the benefit zone of full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Endoscopic lumbar discectomy has been an alternative for treating lumbar disc herniation. Evidence-based study for the benefit zone of full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy (FELD) is necessary. The study compared the complication risks between the FELD and open discectomy or microdiscectomy.
METHODS
The literature search was from 4 online databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. The meta-analysis of different study designs was conducted separately. Complication rates were considered primary outcomes, and the recurrence and revision rates were considered secondary outcomes.
RESULTS
Six RCTs and thirteen cohort studies met the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis was conducted separately. From the pooled RCT meta-analysis, the overall complication rates of FELD and open discectomy/microdiscectomy were 5.5% and 10.4%, respectively. The moderate-quality evidence suggested that FELD had a lower risk of overall complications (risk ratio [RR] = 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.31-0.98). There was no significant difference in specific complications and recurrence. The analysis of cohort studies revealed no significant difference in overall complications, but there was significant heterogeneity in the results. The risk of dural injury was significantly lower for FELD (RR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.22-0.96). The pooled meta-analysis from cohort studies suggested a higher risk of transient dysesthesia (RR = 3.70, 95% CI = 1.54-8.89), residual fragment (RR = 5.29, 95% CI = 2.67-10.45), and revision surgeries (RR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.12-2.08) for FELD.
CONCLUSIONS
The current evidence showed a lower risk of overall complications for FELD. The quality of evidence was moderate to low, and the risk of bias from the primary literature should be concerned.
Topics: Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Diskectomy; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Endoscopy; Reoperation; Diskectomy, Percutaneous; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36527213
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.06.023