-
Preoperative diagnosis of vagal and sympathetic cervical schwannomas based on radiographic findings.Journal of Neurosurgery Mar 2017OBJECTIVE Vagus nerve and sympathetic chain cervical schwannomas (VNCSs and SCCSs) are benign nerve sheath tumors that arise in the head and neck. Despite similar...
OBJECTIVE Vagus nerve and sympathetic chain cervical schwannomas (VNCSs and SCCSs) are benign nerve sheath tumors that arise in the head and neck. Despite similar presentations that make accurate preoperative diagnosis more difficult, the potential for morbidity following resection is significantly higher for patients with VNCS. Therefore, the authors analyzed a retrospective case series and performed a comparative analysis of the literature to establish diagnostic criteria to facilitate more accurate preoperative diagnoses. METHODS The authors conducted a blinded review of imaging studies from retrospectively collected, operatively confirmed cases of VNCS and SCCS. They also performed a systematic review of published series that reported patient-specific preoperative imaging findings in VNCS or SCCS. RESULTS Nine patients with VNCS and 11 with SCCS were identified. In the study cohort, splaying of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and internal jugular vein (IJV) did not significantly predict the nerve of origin (p = 0.06); however, medial and lateral ICA displacement were significantly associated with VNCS and SCCS, respectively (p = 0.01 and p = 0.003, respectively). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ICA and IJV splaying with medial ICA displacement carried an 86% probability of VNCS (p = 0.001), while the absence of splaying with lateral ICA displacement carried a 91% probability of SCCS (p = 0.006). The presence of vocal cord symptoms or peripheral enhancement significantly augmented the predictive probability of VNCS, as did Horner's syndrome or homogeneous enhancement for SCCS. A review of the literature produced 25 publications that incorporated a total of 106 patients, including the present series. Splaying of the ICA and IJV was significantly, but not uniquely, associated with VNCS (p < 0.0001); multivariate analysis demonstrated that ICA and IJV splaying with medial ICA displacement carries a 75% probability of VNCS (p < 0.0001), while the absence of such splaying with lateral ICA displacement carries an 87% probability of SCCS (p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS ICA and IJV splaying frequently predicts VNCS; however, this finding is also commonly observed in SCCS and, among the 9 cases in the present study, was observed more often than previously reported. When congruent with splaying, medial or lateral ICA displacement significantly enhances the reliability of preoperative predictions, empowering more accurate prognostication.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurilemmoma; Preoperative Care; Retrospective Studies; Vagus Nerve
PubMed: 27104848
DOI: 10.3171/2016.1.JNS151763 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Jan 2020The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the anatomical variations in the termination of the thoracic duct (TD) in cadavers or patients by anatomical...
The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the anatomical variations in the termination of the thoracic duct (TD) in cadavers or patients by anatomical dissections and surgical or radiological procedures for better knowledge of the interindividual variations through a systematic review. The search strategy included PubMed and reference tracking. Studies were identified by searching the electronic Medline databases. The search terms included "TD," "Jugular Vein," "Subclavian Vein," or "Cervical," and the protocol used is reported herein. These search results yielded 20 qualitative review articles out of the 275 articles consulted. We collected all the important data from these 20 articles with 1,352 TD analyzed by varying sources in our search. Regarding the characteristics of the studies and the anatomy of the TD, the results were heterogeneous. The TD most commonly terminates in the internal jugular vein in 54.05% of cases (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54.03; 54.07), in the jugular-venous angle in 25.79% (95% CI: 25.77; 25.81), and in the subclavian vein in 8.16% of cases (95% CI: 8.14;8.18). Other terminations were found in 12% of cases. This systematic review provided an overview of the variations in the distal portion of the TD. This study can be helpful for surgeons in selecting the most appropriate methods to achieve successful surgical results and avoid complications, such as chylothorax; it also offers detailed information on the cervical termination of the TD in new diagnostic and therapeutic methods involving the TD. Clin. Anat. 32:99-107, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Anatomic Variation; Cadaver; Humans; Jugular Veins; Subclavian Vein; Thoracic Duct
PubMed: 31576619
DOI: 10.1002/ca.23476 -
Hamostaseologie Feb 2019Lemierre syndrome usually affects otherwise healthy adolescents or young adults and occurs at an overall rate of 1 to 10 cases per million person-years with an estimated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Lemierre syndrome usually affects otherwise healthy adolescents or young adults and occurs at an overall rate of 1 to 10 cases per million person-years with an estimated fatality rate of 4 to 9%. Diagnostic criteria remain debated and include acute neck/head bacterial infection (often tonsillitis caused by anaerobes at high potential for sepsis and vascular invasion, notably ) complicated by local vein thrombosis, usually involving the internal jugular vein, and systemic septic embolism. Medical treatment is based on antibiotic therapy with anaerobic coverage, anticoagulant drugs and supportive care in case of sepsis. Surgical procedures can be required, including drainage of the abscesses, tissue debridement and jugular vein ligation. Evidence for clinical management is extremely poor in the absence of any adequately sized study with clinical outcomes. In this article, we illustrate two cases of Lemierre syndrome not caused by and provide a clinically oriented discussion on the main issues on epidemiology, pathophysiology and management strategies of this disorder. Finally, we summarize the study protocol of a proposed systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of the literature. Our ongoing work aims to investigate the risk of new thromboembolic events, major bleeding or death in patients diagnosed with Lemierre syndrome, and to better elucidate the role of anticoagulant therapy in this setting. This effort represents the starting point for an evidence-based treatment of Lemierre syndrome built on multinational interdisciplinary collaborative studies.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anticoagulants; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Humans; Lemierre Syndrome; Male; Prognosis; Venous Thrombosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 30071559
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1654720 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Aug 2016Totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs) provide patients with a safe and permanent venous access, for instance in the administration of chemotherapy for... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs) provide patients with a safe and permanent venous access, for instance in the administration of chemotherapy for oncology patients. There are several methods for TIVAP placement, and the optimal evidence-based method is unclear.
OBJECTIVES
To compare the efficacy and safety of three commonly used techniques for implanting TIVAPs: the venous cutdown technique, the Seldinger technique, and the modified Seldinger technique. This review includes studies that use Doppler or real-time two-dimensional ultrasonography for locating the vein in the Seldinger technique.
SEARCH METHODS
The Cochrane Vascular Trials Search Co-ordinator searched the Cochrane Vascular Specialised Register (last searched August 2015) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2015, Issue 7), as well as clinical trials registers.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised or quasi-randomised controlled clinical trials that randomly allocated people requiring TIVAP to the venous cutdown, Seldinger, or modified Seldinger technique. Two review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion eligibility, with a third review author checking excluded studies.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently extracted data. We assessed all studies for risk of bias. We assessed heterogeneity using Chi(2) statistic and variance (I(2)statistic) methods. Dichotomous outcomes, summarised as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), were: primary implantation success, complications (in particular infection), pneumothorax, and catheter complications. We conducted separate analyses to assess the two access veins, subclavian and internal jugular (IJ) vein, in the Seldinger technique versus the venous cutdown technique. We used both intention-to-treat (ITT) and on-treatment analyses and pooled data using a fixed-effect model.
MAIN RESULTS
We included nine studies with a total of 1253 participants in the review. Five studies compared Seldinger technique (subclavian vein access) with venous cutdown technique (cephalic vein access). Two studies compared Seldinger (IJ vein) versus venous cutdown (cephalic vein). One study compared the modified Seldinger technique (cephalic vein) with the venous cutdown (cephalic vein), and one study compared the Seldinger (subclavian vein) versus the Seldinger (IJ vein) technique.Seldinger technique (subclavian or IJ vein access) versus venous cutdown (cephalic vein): We included seven trials with 1006 participants for analysis. Both ITT (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.65) and on-treatment analysis (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.98) showed that the Seldinger technique for implantation of TIVAP had a higher success rate compared with the venous cutdown technique. We found no difference between overall peri- and postoperative complication rates: ITT (OR 1.16; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.75) and on-treatment analysis (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.62 to 1.40). In the Seldinger group, the majority of the trials reported use of the subclavian vein for venous access, with only a limited number of trials utilising the IJ vein for access. When individual complication rates of infection, pneumothorax, and catheter complications were analysed, the Seldinger technique (subclavian vein access) was associated with a higher rate of catheter complications compared to the venous cutdown technique: ITT (OR 6.77; 95% CI 2.31 to 19.79) and on-treatment analysis (OR 6.62; 95% CI 2.24 to 19.58). There was no difference in incidence of infections, pneumothorax, and other complications between the groups.Modified Seldinger technique (cephalic vein) versus venous cutdown (cephalic vein): We identified one trial with 164 participants. ITT analysis showed no difference in primary implantation success rate between the modified Seldinger technique (69/82, 84%) and the venous cutdown technique (66/82, 80%), P = 0.686. We observed no differences in the peri- or postoperative complication rates.Seldinger (subclavian vein access) versus Seldinger (IJ vein access): We identified one trial with 83 participants. The primary success rate was 84% (37/44) for Seldinger (subclavian vein) versus 74% (29/39) for the Seldinger (IJ vein). There was a higher overall complication rate in the subclavian group (48%) compared to the jugular group (23%), P = 0.02. However, when specific complications were compared individually, we found no differences between the groups.The overall quality of the trials included in this review was moderate. The methods used for randomisation were inadequate in four of the nine included studies, but sensitivity analysis excluding these trials did not alter the outcome. The nature of the interventions, either venous cutdown or Seldinger techniques, meant that it was not feasible to blind the participant or personnel, therefore we judged this to be at low risk of bias. The majority of participants in the included trials were oncology patients at tertiary centres, and the outcomes were applicable to the typical clinical scenario. For all outcomes, when comparing venous cutdown and Seldinger technique, serious imprecision was evident by wide confidence intervals in the included trials. The quality of the overall evidence was therefore downgraded from high to moderate. Due to the limited number of included studies we were unable to assess publication bias.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Moderate-quality evidence showed that the Seldinger technique has a higher primary implantation success rate compared with the venous cutdown technique. The majority of trials using the Seldinger technique used the subclavian vein for venous access, and only a few trials reported the use of the internal jugular vein for venous access. Moderate-quality evidence showed no difference in the overall complication rate between the Seldinger and venous cutdown techniques. However, when the Seldinger technique with subclavian vein access was compared with the venous cutdown group, there was a higher reported incidence of catheter complications. The rates of pneumothorax and infection did not differ between the Seldinger and venous cutdown group. We identified only one trial for each of the comparisons modified Seldinger technique (cephalic vein) versus venous cutdown (cephalic vein) and Seldinger (subclavian vein access) versus Seldinger (IJ vein access), thus a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn for these comparisons and further research is recommended.
Topics: Arm; Catheter-Related Infections; Catheterization, Central Venous; Humans; Intention to Treat Analysis; Jugular Veins; Pneumothorax; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Subclavian Vein; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Vascular Access Devices; Veins; Venous Cutdown
PubMed: 27544827
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008942.pub2 -
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Feb 2017We performed a systematic review to determine best practice for the management of patients with chronic or subacute subclavian vein thrombosis. This condition is best... (Review)
Review
We performed a systematic review to determine best practice for the management of patients with chronic or subacute subclavian vein thrombosis. This condition is best managed with surgical excision of the first rib followed by long-term anticoagulation. Interventional techniques aimed at restoring patency are ineffective beyond 2 weeks postthrombosis. Additional therapeutic options should be made based on the severity of symptoms as well as vein status. Patients with milder symptoms are given decompression surgery followed by anticoagulation whereas patients with more severe symptoms are considered for either a jugular vein transposition or saphenous patch based on the vein characteristics.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Disease Management; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Subclavian Vein; Thrombectomy; Thrombolytic Therapy; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 28024649
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.09.051 -
Journal of Hepatology Aug 2007Transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) is considered an inferior biopsy, used when percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB) is contraindicated. According to recent literature,... (Review)
Review
Transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) is considered an inferior biopsy, used when percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB) is contraindicated. According to recent literature, specimens with 6 complete portal tracts (CPTs) are needed for histological diagnosis of chronic liver disease but 11 CPTs to reliably stage and grade. Mean CPT number in PLB series is 7.5; more passes increase complications. Sixty-four series reporting 7649 TJLBs were evaluated for quality of specimen and safety. Major indications were coagulation disorders and/or ascites. Success rate was 96.8%. Fragmentation rate was 34.3%, not correlating with length or diagnostic adequacy. With a mean of 2.7 passes, mean CPT number was 6.8. Histological diagnosis was achieved in 96.1% of TJLBs, correlating with length (p=0.007) and CPT number (p=0.04). Tru-Cut specimens had a mean CPT number of 7.5 and, compared to Menghini specimens, were longer (p<0.008), less fragmented (p<0.001) and more diagnostic (p<0.001). Thinner needles (>16-G) provided significantly longer and less fragmented specimens. Minor and major complication rates were 6.5% and 0.56%, respectively, and increased in children, but not with additional passes. In adults, mortality was 0.09% (haemorrhage 0.06%; ventricular arrhythmia 0.03%). TJLB is safe, providing specimens qualitatively comparable to PLB, and may improve further using > or = 18-G Tru-Cut needle and >3 passes.
Topics: Biopsy, Needle; Humans; Jugular Veins; Liver
PubMed: 17561303
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2007.05.001 -
The American Journal of Emergency... Apr 2024Ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization (CVC) has become the standard of care. However, providers use a variety of approaches, encompassing the internal jugular... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization (CVC) has become the standard of care. However, providers use a variety of approaches, encompassing the internal jugular vein (IJV), supraclavicular subclavian vein (SupraSCV), infraclavicular subclavian vein (InfraSCV), proximal axillary vein (ProxiAV), distal axillary vein (DistalAV), and femoral vein.
OBJECTIVE
This review aimed to compare the first-pass success rate and arterial puncture rate for different approaches to ultrasound-guided CVC above the diaphragm.
METHODS
In May 2023, Embase, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Platform were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the 5 CVC approaches. The Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis tool was used to assess confidence. Thirteen RCTs (4418 participants and 13 comparisons) were included in this review.
RESULTS
The SupraSCV approach likely increased the proportion of first-attempt successes compared to the other 4 approaches. The SupraSCV first-attempt success demonstrated risk ratios (RRs) > 1.21 with a lower 95% confidence interval (CI) exceeding 1. Compared to the IJV, the SupraSCV approach likely increased the first-attempt success proportion (RR 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.40, moderate confidence), whereas the DistalAV approach reduced it (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.59-0.87, high confidence). Artery puncture had little to no difference across all approaches (low to high confidence).
CONCLUSION
Considering first-attempt success and mechanical complications, the SupraSCV may emerge as the preferred approach, while DistalAV might be the least preferable approach. Nevertheless, head-to-head studies comparing the approaches with the greatest first attempt success should be undertaken.
Topics: Humans; Catheterization, Central Venous; Network Meta-Analysis; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Subclavian Vein; Brachiocephalic Veins; Jugular Veins
PubMed: 38330835
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.01.043 -
Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ May 2013The superiority of ultrasonic-guided compared with landmark-guided central venous catheter (CVC) placement is not well documented in the Emergency Department. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The superiority of ultrasonic-guided compared with landmark-guided central venous catheter (CVC) placement is not well documented in the Emergency Department.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the literature comparing success rates between ultrasonic- and landmark-guided CVC placement by ED physicians.
METHODS
PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for randomised controlled trials from 1965 to 2010 using a search strategy derived from the following PICO formulation:
PATIENTS
Adults requiring emergent CVC placement except during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
INTERVENTION
CVC placement using real-time ultrasonic guidance. Comparator: CVC placement using anatomical landmarks.
OUTCOME
Comparison of success rates of CVC placement between ultrasonic- versus landmark-guided techniques.
ANALYSIS
Success rates between CVC placement methods using a Forest Plot (95% CI) calculated by Review Manager Version 5.0.
RESULTS
Search identified 944 articles of which 938 were excluded by title/abstract relevance, two not randomised, one cardiac arrest, one no landmark control, one success rate not calculated. A single study of 130 patients (65 ultrasonic- vs 65 landmark-guided) selected for internal jugular vein placement remained. Successful internal jugular CVC was significantly (p=0.02) more likely in the ultrasound-guided (93.9%) compared with landmark-guided (78.5%) techniques with an OR of 1.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.4). Complications rates were significantly (p=0.04) lower in ultrasonic (4.6%) versus landmark (16.9%) technique, OR=3.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 12.5).
CONCLUSION
Only one single high quality study illustrating that ED ultrasound- versus landmark-guided internal jugular catheter placement had higher success rates with lower complication rates.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adult; Anatomic Landmarks; Catheterization, Central Venous; Emergency Medicine; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 22736720
DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2012-201230 -
World Neurosurgery Sep 2022The mastoid emissary vein (MEV) describes a transosseous connection between the sigmoid dural venous sinus and the suboccipital venous plexus. In cases of outflow... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The mastoid emissary vein (MEV) describes a transosseous connection between the sigmoid dural venous sinus and the suboccipital venous plexus. In cases of outflow stenosis or malformation, the MEV may become dilated and a source of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) amenable to treatment. We describe a case of PT secondary to MEV treated successfully via endovascular coil embolization and conduct a systematic review of the literature.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review without meta-analysis of studies involving management of dilated MEV on January 14, 2022, and describe a case of PT secondary to an enlarged MEV treated via coil embolization.
RESULTS
A total of 13 studies were selected for full review. Reports identified MEV presenting as PT in 60% (12 of 20) of cases, intraoperative hemorrhage in mastoid surgery in 15% (3 of 20), a compressive scalp mass in 10% (2 of 20), and thrombophlebitis, facial swelling, or an incidental finding in 5% (1 of 20) each. Forty-five percent (9 of 20) underwent treatment, with all experiencing symptom resolution or improvement. Surgery included transvenous coil embolization in 33.3% (3 of 9), flap reconstruction in 22.2% (2 of 9), and surgical packing, ligation, and thrombectomy in 11.1% (1 of 9) each. Dilated MEV was reported concurrently with impeded drainage pathways in 35% (7 of 20) of reports.
CONCLUSIONS
Dilated MEV has been reported as an etiology of pulsatile tinnitus and appears amenable to treatment via open and endovascular means. Endovascular coil embolization appears to offer effective symptom resolution, however, available literature exists only in case reports and small series. Further investigation is highly warranted.
Topics: Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Cranial Sinuses; Dilatation, Pathologic; Humans; Jugular Veins; Mastoid; Tinnitus
PubMed: 35772705
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.06.106 -
Pediatrics Nov 2018: media-1vid110.1542/5828324804001PEDS-VA_2018-1719 CONTEXT: Central venous catheterization is routinely required in patients who are critically ill, and it carries an... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
UNLABELLED
: media-1vid110.1542/5828324804001PEDS-VA_2018-1719 CONTEXT: Central venous catheterization is routinely required in patients who are critically ill, and it carries an associated morbidity. In pediatric patients, the procedures can be difficult and challenging, predominantly because of their anatomic characteristics.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether ultrasound-guided techniques are associated with a reduced incidence of failures and complications when compared with the anatomic landmark technique.
DATA SOURCES
We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Embase.
STUDY SELECTION
We included randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies in which researchers compare ultrasound guidance with the anatomic landmark technique in children who underwent central venous catheterization.
DATA EXTRACTION
Study characteristics, sample sizes, participant characteristics, settings, descriptions of the ultrasound technique, puncture sites, and outcomes were analyzed. Pooled analyses were performed by using random-effects models.
RESULTS
A total of 23 studies (3995 procedures) were included. Meta-analysis revealed that ultrasound guidance significantly reduced the risk of cannulation failure (odds ratio = 0.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.17-0.43), with significant heterogeneity seen among the studies. Ultrasound guidance also significantly reduced the incidence of arterial punctures (odds ratio = 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.21-0.55), without significant heterogeneity seen among the studies. Similar results were observed for femoral and internal jugular veins.
LIMITATIONS
Potential publication bias for cannulation failure and arterial puncture was detected among the studies. However, no publication bias was observed when analyzing only the subgroup of randomized clinical trials.
CONCLUSIONS
Ultrasound-guided techniques are associated with a reduced incidence of failures and inadvertent arterial punctures in pediatric central venous catheterization when compared with the anatomic landmark technique.
Topics: Anatomic Landmarks; Catheterization, Central Venous; Child; Critical Illness; Humans; Incidence; Treatment Failure; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 30361397
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-1719