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The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Feb 2017Currently, which type of suprastructure is preferred when fabricating implant-retained craniofacial prostheses is unknown. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Currently, which type of suprastructure is preferred when fabricating implant-retained craniofacial prostheses is unknown.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the best retention system (bar-clips versus magnets) for implant-retained craniofacial prostheses.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A systematic search of Medline/PubMed and Web of Science databases for clinical trials was conducted on implant-retained craniofacial prostheses published between 2005 and 2015. English-language studies that directly compared different types of retention systems or presented information on implant survival, periimplant soft tissue reactions, and prosthetic complications were included. Nonclinical studies were excluded to eliminate bias.
RESULTS
A total to 173 studies were identified, of which 10 satisfied the inclusion criteria. In total, 492 participants were included in these studies. Four selected studies displayed detailed information with regard to the number of implant failures according to the retention system. As reported, 29 (18.2%) of 159 implants with magnets failed, whereas 25 (31.6%) of 79 implants with bars failed. Overall auricular superstructures showed the highest survival (99.08%). In addition, 55.4% of all participants in the selected studies showed grade 0 of periimplant soft tissue reactions.
CONCLUSIONS
A systematic search for clinical studies resulted in few studies with a short-term follow-up and small number of participants. The limited data collected indicated that magnets show fewer complications than bar superstructures; however, no hard conclusions could be drawn. Further research, preferably in the form of clinical trials, is needed to validate these findings.
Topics: Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Humans; Magnets; Maxillofacial Prosthesis; Prosthesis Retention
PubMed: 27666496
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.05.020 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Feb 2023Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely available treatment for major depression, but its efficacy and tolerability are uncertain for patients... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely available treatment for major depression, but its efficacy and tolerability are uncertain for patients with late-life depression (LLD). To assess the existing evidence of rTMS for LLD treatment, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) according to PRISMA guidelines.
METHODS
We retrieved RCTs from four databases published between 1 January 2000 and 10 September 2021 comparing the effects of active and sham stimulation in LLD patients. We performed subgroup analyses to examine the impact of different parameters. The primary outcomes were the response and discontinuation rates of rTMS for LLD patients, representing for efficacy and tolerability, respectively. Secondary outcomes were remission and dropout rates. Discontinuation referred to patients who withdrew for any reason, while dropout referred to participants who withdrew early because of adverse events.
RESULTS
Nine articles describing 11 studies (two articles each contained two studies) met the eligibility criteria. All outcomes were analyzed using a random-effects model. The summary analysis of nine suitable RCTs revealed a cumulative response rate of 2.86 (95 % confidence interval (95 % CI), 1.87-4.37) and a remission rate of 4.02 (95 % CI, 1.83-8.81) in the active group compared to the sham group. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) for discontinuation and dropout rates were not significantly different between the two groups. In addition, some rTMS parameters were associated with better efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS
The meta-analysis suggested that rTMS is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for patients with LLD. Future efforts should enhance study methodologies to improve their efficacy and increase the homogeneity of rTMS parameters to promote comparability between studies.
Topics: Humans; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Treatment Outcome; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 36410454
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.027 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Mar 2013Foreign body ingestion is a common problem among paediatric populations. A variety of foreign bodies are ingested, some of which are particularly harmful and life... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Foreign body ingestion is a common problem among paediatric populations. A variety of foreign bodies are ingested, some of which are particularly harmful and life threatening such as button batteries, magnets and bones. Common household items such as small toys, marbles, batteries and erasers are often ingested. The aim of this systematic review is to study the problem of foreign body ingestion among paediatric populations in terms of commonly ingested objects, and attempt to identify the link between location of impaction, associated symptoms, complications, spontaneous passage, methods and timing of removal.
METHODS
A literature search of multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, Current Contents Connect and Medline were conducted for studies on foreign body ingestions. Based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 studies were selected. A qualitative review of these studies was then performed to identify commonly ingested foreign bodies, symptoms, signs and complications of foreign body ingestion, rates of spontaneous passage and methods of retrieval of the ingested objects.
RESULTS
Coins are the most commonly ingested foreign body. A variety of gastrointestinal symptoms such vomiting and drooling as well as respiratory symptoms such as coughing and stridor are associated with foreign body ingestion. The oesophagus, in particular the upper third, is the common site of foreign body obstruction. Objects in the stomach and intestine were spontaneously passed more frequently than at any other sites in the gastrointestinal system. Complications such as bowel perforations, infection and death are more commonly associated with ingestion of objects such as batteries and sharp objects such as bones and needles. Ingested objects are most commonly removed by endoscopic means.
CONCLUSION
Foreign body ingestion is a common paediatric problem. Batteries and sharp objects should be removed immediately to avoid complications while others can be observed for spontaneous passage. Endoscopy has a high success rate in removing ingested foreign bodies.
Topics: Child; Eating; Endoscopy; Foreign Bodies; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 23261258
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.11.025 -
European Urology Open Science Jun 2023The incidence of urolithiasis is increasing year by year. Ureteral stents are a popular treatment option for this condition. Efforts to improve the material and... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
The incidence of urolithiasis is increasing year by year. Ureteral stents are a popular treatment option for this condition. Efforts to improve the material and structure of stents to increase comfort and reduce complications have led to the introduction of magnetic stents.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate differences in removal efficiency and safety for magnetic and conventional stents.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
This study was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Data were extracted according to the PRISMA principles. We collected and combined data from randomized controlled trials on magnetic versus conventional stents to evaluate the efficiency of their removal and the associated effects. Data synthesis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 and heterogeneity was evaluated using I tests. A sensitivity analysis was also performed. Key metrics included the stent removal time, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores, and Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) scores for various domains.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Seven studies were included in the review. We found that magnetic stents had a shorter removal time (mean difference [MD] -8.28 min, 95% confidence interval [CI] -15.6 to -0.95; = 0.03) and their removal was associated with less pain (MD -3.01 points, 95% CI -3.83 to -2.19; < 0.01) in comparison to conventional stents. USSQ scores for urinary symptoms and sexual matters were higher for magnetic than for conventional stents. There were no other differences between the stent types.
CONCLUSIONS
Magnetic ureteral stents have the advantages of a shorter removal time, less pain during removal, and low cost in comparison to conventional stents.
PATIENT SUMMARY
For patients undergoing treatment of urinary stones, a thin tube called a stent is often temporarily inserted in the tube between the kidney and the bladder to allow stones to pass. Magnetic stents can be removed without any need for a second surgical procedure. Our review of studies comparing two types of stents suggests that magnetic stents are superior to conventional stents in terms of efficiency and comfort during removal.
PubMed: 37182117
DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2023.04.004 -
Central Asian Journal of Global Health 2020Tinnitus occurs in 10-15% of the world's population. It may lead to hearing loss, depression, and suicidal tendencies, as well as reduced quality of life. The aim of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Tinnitus occurs in 10-15% of the world's population. It may lead to hearing loss, depression, and suicidal tendencies, as well as reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess whether Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) effectively reduces tinnitus handicapping after six months or more of follow-up.
METHODS
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials with follow-up of six months was undertaken. The review took place through searching Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords "tinnitus" and "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation" and limiting the search results to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted on adults (19 years and older) published between 2005-2015. Meta-analysis was performed on the similarly designed studies.
RESULTS
Five RCTs with six month follow-up were found conforming to the inclusion criteria. In total, there were 119 patients in the TMS arms and 115 in the placebo arms. However, designs were different between the studies and were therefore not all comparable. Different parameters were used to measure the severity of tinnitus and depression scores. Tinnitus handicapped inventory (THI) was the common measured outcome parameter used in all studies. THI score decreased after the TMS in four studies. Meta-analysis was performed on three similarly designed RCTs with the overall effect being insignificant.
CONCLUSIONS
TMS reduced the THI score and decreased the severity of tinnitus in 45% of patients and lead to a complete recovery in 32% of cases in one study. However, the meta-analysis demonstrated lack of significant effect of TMS on tinnitus management.
PubMed: 35866094
DOI: 10.5195/cajgh.2020.356 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious condition with debilitating consequences for the mother, offspring, and the whole family. The scope of negative outcomes of PPD...
OBJECTIVE
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious condition with debilitating consequences for the mother, offspring, and the whole family. The scope of negative outcomes of PPD highlights the need to specify effective diagnostics and treatment which might differ from major depressive disorder (MDD). In order to improve our clinical care, we need to better understand the underlying neuropathological mechanisms of PPD. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of published neuroimaging studies assessing functional, structural, and metabolic correlates of PPD.
METHODS
Relevant papers were identified using a search code for English-written studies in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases published by March 2022. Included were studies with structural magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, both resting-state and task-related, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, or positron emission tomography. The findings were analyzed to assess signatures in PPD-diagnosed women compared to healthy controls. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022313794).
RESULTS
The total of 3,368 references were initially identified. After the removal of duplicates and non-applicable papers, the search yielded 74 full-text studies assessed for eligibility. Of them, 26 met the inclusion criteria and their findings were analyzed and synthesized. The results showed consistent functional, structural, and metabolic changes in the default mode network and the salient network in women with PPD. During emotion-related tasks, PPD was associated with changes in the corticolimbic system activity, especially the amygdala.
DISCUSSION
This review offers a comprehensive summary of neuroimaging signatures in PPD-diagnosed women. It indicates the brain regions and networks which show functional, structural, and metabolic changes. Our findings offer better understanding of the nature of PPD, which clearly copies some features of MDD, while differs in others.
PubMed: 36465313
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1044995 -
Clinical Neuroradiology Dec 2021Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous progressive neurocognitive disorder. Although different neuroimaging modalities have been used for the identification of... (Review)
Review
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous progressive neurocognitive disorder. Although different neuroimaging modalities have been used for the identification of early diagnostic and prognostic factors of AD, there is no consolidated view of the findings from the literature. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive account of different neural correlates of cognitive dysfunction via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI) (resting-state and task-related), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) modalities across the cognitive groups i.e., normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. A total of 46 meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria, including relevance to MCI, and/or AD along with neuroimaging modality used with quantitative and/or functional data. Volumetric MRI identified early anatomical changes involving transentorhinal cortex, Brodmann area 28, followed by the hippocampus, which differentiated early AD from healthy subjects. A consistent pattern of disruption in the bilateral precuneus along with the medial temporal lobe and limbic system was observed in fMRI, while DTI substantiated the observed atrophic alterations in the corpus callosum among MCI and AD cases. Default mode network hypoconnectivity in bilateral precuneus (PCu)/posterior cingulate cortices (PCC) and hypometabolism/hypoperfusion in inferior parietal lobules and left PCC/PCu was evident. Molecular imaging revealed variable metabolite concentrations in PCC. In conclusion, the use of different neuroimaging modalities together may lead to identification of an early diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker for AD.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 34297137
DOI: 10.1007/s00062-021-01057-7 -
Brain Communications 2022Myelin-sensitive MRI such as magnetization transfer imaging has been widely used in multiple sclerosis. The influence of methodology and differences in disease subtype... (Review)
Review
Myelin-sensitive MRI such as magnetization transfer imaging has been widely used in multiple sclerosis. The influence of methodology and differences in disease subtype on imaging findings is, however, not well established. Here, we systematically review magnetization transfer brain imaging findings in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. We examine how methodological differences, disease effects and their interaction influence magnetization transfer imaging measures. Articles published before 06/01/2021 were retrieved from online databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science) with search terms including 'magnetization transfer' and 'brain' for systematic review, according to a pre-defined protocol. Only studies that used human quantitative magnetization transfer imaging in adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (with or without healthy controls) were included. Additional data from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis subjects acquired in other studies comprising mixed disease subtypes were included in meta-analyses. Data including sample size, MRI acquisition protocol parameters, treatments and clinical findings were extracted and qualitatively synthesized. Where possible, effect sizes were calculated for meta-analyses to determine magnetization transfer (i) differences between patients and healthy controls; (ii) longitudinal change and (iii) relationships with clinical disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Eighty-six studies met inclusion criteria. MRI acquisition parameters varied widely, and were also underreported. The majority of studies examined the magnetization transfer ratio in white matter, but magnetization transfer metrics, brain regions examined and results were heterogeneous. The analysis demonstrated a risk of bias due to selective reporting and small sample sizes. The pooled random-effects meta-analysis across all brain compartments revealed magnetization transfer ratio was 1.17 per cent units (95% CI -1.42 to -0.91) lower in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis than healthy controls (-value: -8.99, < 0.001, 46 studies). Linear mixed-model analysis did not show a significant longitudinal change in magnetization transfer ratio across all brain regions [ = 0.12 (-0.56 to 0.80), -value = 0.35, = 0.724, 14 studies] or normal-appearing white matter alone [ = 0.037 (-0.14 to 0.22), -value = 0.41, = 0.68, eight studies]. There was a significant negative association between the magnetization transfer ratio and clinical disability, as assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale [ = -0.32 (95% CI -0.46 to -0.17); -value = -4.33, < 0.001, 13 studies]. Evidence suggests that magnetization transfer imaging metrics are sensitive to pathological brain changes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, although effect sizes were small in comparison to inter-study variability. Recommendations include: better harmonized magnetization transfer acquisition protocols with detailed methodological reporting standards; larger, well-phenotyped cohorts, including healthy controls; and, further exploration of techniques such as magnetization transfer saturation or inhomogeneous magnetization transfer ratio.
PubMed: 35652121
DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac088 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2013Systematic review of literature and meta-analysis to evaluate the results of magnetic resonance image 1.5T with endorectal coil in the diagnosis and evaluation of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Magnetic resonance image in the diagnosis and evaluation of extra-prostatic extension and involvement of seminal vesicles of prostate cancer: a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
Systematic review of literature and meta-analysis to evaluate the results of magnetic resonance image 1.5T with endorectal coil in the diagnosis and evaluation of extra-prostatic extension and involvement of seminal vesicles of prostate cancer, compared to the histopathological results of the radical prostatectomy specimen.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
It was conducted a systematic review of literature and meta-analyses of all studies data published after 2008. In those studies, the patients with prostate cancer with indication to radical prostatectomy were submitted to magnetic resonance image (MRI) at pre-operatory period and the results were compared to those of histopathological studies after the surgery. The selected terms for research included prostate cancer, magnetic resonance, radical prostatectomy, and prostate cancer diagnosis, in the databases EMBASE, LILACS, PUBMED/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library. The data were collected using a specific qualitative instrument and the meta-analysis data were presented in the forest plot graphics, homogeneity test and sROC curves and funnel plot.
RESULTS
A total of seven studies were included, with a total of 603 patients. Among these studies, six evaluated the value of MRI for the detection of prostate cancer, and the median sensitivity of meta-analysis was 0.6 and specificity 0.58, but with heterogeneity among the studies. Three studies evaluated extra-prostatic extension with a median sensitivity of 0.49, specificity 0.82 and heterogeneity only for sensitivity. Three studies evaluated invasion of seminal vesicles, with median sensitivity of 0.45 and specificity 0.96, with heterogeneity in both analysis.
CONCLUSION
Magnetic resonance of 1.5T with endocoil showed low values of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. The reviewed studies showed a significant heterogeneity among them. The best observed result was MRI specificity for invasion of seminal vesicles. More studies are necessary to evaluate new techniques and parameters before recommending the routine use of MRI in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Seminal Vesicles; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 23683681
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2013.02.02 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Capsule endoscopy (CE) has become a widespread modality for non-invasive evaluation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with several CE models having been developed... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Capsule endoscopy (CE) has become a widespread modality for non-invasive evaluation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with several CE models having been developed throughout the years. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate performance measures such as completion, detection and retention rates of CE.
METHODS
Literature through to August 2021 was screened for articles regarding all capsule types: small bowel, double-headed capsule for the colon or PillCamCrohn's capsule, magnetically-controlled capsule endoscopy, esophageal capsule and patency capsule. Primary outcomes included detection rate (DR), completion rate (CR) and capsule retention rate (RR). DR, CR and RR were also analyzed in relation to indications such as obscure GI bleeding (OGIB), known/suspected Crohn's disease (CD), celiac disease (CeD), neoplastic lesions (NL) and clinical symptoms (CS).
RESULTS
328 original articles involving 86,930 patients who underwent CE were included. OGIB was the most common indication (n = 44,750), followed by CS (n = 17,897), CD (n = 11,299), NL (n = 4989) and CeD (n = 947). The most used capsule type was small bowel CE in 236 studies. DR, CR and RR for all indications were 59%, 89.6% and 2%, respectively. According to specific indications: DR were 55%, 66%, 63%, 52% and 62%; CR were 90.6%, 86.5%, 78.2%, 94% and 92.8%; and RR were 2%, 4%, 1%, 6% and 2%.
CONCLUSIONS
Pooled DR, CR and RR are acceptable for all capsule types. OGIB is the most common indication for CE. Technological advancements have expanded the scope of CE devices in detecting GI pathology with acceptable rates for a complete examination.
PubMed: 35626261
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051105