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Effect of Methamphetamine Hydrochloride on Pregnancy Outcome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of Addiction Medicine 2018Methamphetamine hydrochloride is 1 of the most widespread psycho-stimulants in the world. Nevertheless, its effect on pregnant women and their neonates has not been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Methamphetamine hydrochloride is 1 of the most widespread psycho-stimulants in the world. Nevertheless, its effect on pregnant women and their neonates has not been investigated extensively.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the literature for the effect of methamphetamine exposure during pregnancy to neonatal and pregnancy outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A meta-analysis of retrospective, case-control studies was conducted. Inclusion criteria were women who have used methamphetamine during pregnancy, determined by self-report, maternal or neonatal urine test, and/or meconium toxicology, compared with control women not taking methamphetamine. Main study outcomes were gestational age at birth, neonatal characteristics (birth weight, head circumference, body length), and prevalence of gestational hypertensive disorders.
RESULTS
Eight studies involving 626 women taking methamphetamine during pregnancy and 2626 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Pregnancies complicated by the use of methamphetamine resulted in younger gestational age at birth (mean difference [MD] -0.90 weeks, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.11, -1.69), lower birth weight (MD -245 g, 95% CI -137, -353), head circumference (MD -0.88 cm, 95% CI -0.48, -1.28), body length (MD -0.94 cm, 95% CI -0.55, -1.32), and Apgar score (MD -0.94, 95% CI -0.33, -1.54) compared with control pregnancies. On the contrary, there was no statistical difference on the incidence of pre-eclampsia (risk ratio [RR] 1.77, 95% CI 0.75, 4.14) and hypertensive complications (RR 1.62, 95% CI 0.37, 7.06).
CONCLUSIONS
Use of methamphetamine during pregnancy results in a deterioration of neonatal somatometric characteristics (birth weight, head circumference, body length), but not in excessive pregnancy complications (hypertension).
Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Infant, Newborn; Methamphetamine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome
PubMed: 29509557
DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000391 -
Addiction (Abingdon, England) Nov 2011To assess the effectiveness of methamphetamine precursor regulations in reducing illicit methamphetamine supply and use. (Review)
Review
AIMS
To assess the effectiveness of methamphetamine precursor regulations in reducing illicit methamphetamine supply and use.
METHODS
A systematic review of 12 databases was used to identify studies that had evaluated the impact of methamphetamine precursor regulations on methamphetamine supply and/or use. The guidelines of the Effective Practice and Organization of Care Group (EPOC) of The Cochrane Collaboration were used to determine which study designs were included and assess their quality.
RESULTS
Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies evaluated 15 interventions (13 regulations and two related interdiction efforts), all of which were located in North America. Interventions had consistent impacts across various indicators of methamphetamine supply and use. Seven of the 15 interventions produced reductions in methamphetamine indicators (ranging from 12% to 77%). Two of the largest impacts were seen following interdiction efforts, involving the closure of rogue pharmaceutical companies. There was no evidence of a shift into other types of drug use, or injecting use, although the impact on the synthetic drug market was not examined. Null effects were related largely to the existence of alternative sources of precursor chemicals or the availability of imported methamphetamine.
CONCLUSIONS
Methamphetamine precursor regulations can reduce indicators of methamphetamine supply and use. Further research is needed to determine whether regulations can be effective outside North America, particularly in developing countries, and what impact they have on the broader synthetic drug market. Improved data on precursor diversion are needed to facilitate the evaluation of precursor regulations.
Topics: Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Commerce; Designer Drugs; Developing Countries; Drug and Narcotic Control; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Law Enforcement; Methamphetamine; Nasal Decongestants; North America; Prodrugs; Program Evaluation; Pseudoephedrine
PubMed: 21895829
DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03582.x -
Neuropsychology Review Mar 2019It is well established that poor inhibitory control confers both a vulnerability to, and maintenance of, addictive behaviors across the substance and behavioral... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
It is well established that poor inhibitory control confers both a vulnerability to, and maintenance of, addictive behaviors across the substance and behavioral spectrums. By comparison, the role of compulsivity in addictive behaviors has received less research focus. The neurocognitive literature to date is vast, and it is unclear whether there are any convincing lines of systematic evidence delineating whether and how aspects of impulsivity and compulsivity are shared and unique across different substance and behavioral addictive disorders. Such information has significant implications for our understanding of underlying mechanisms and clinical implications for assessing and treating neurocognitive deficits across addictions. Here, we conducted a systematic meta-review of the quantitative meta-analyses to date, specifically examining the neurocognitive functions central to impulsive-compulsive behaviors transdiagnostically across addictive behaviors. Out of 1186 empirical studies initially identified, six meta-analyses met inclusion criteria examining alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, MDMA, methamphetamine, opioid and tobacco use, as well as gambling and internet addiction. The pooled findings across the systematic meta-analyses suggest that impulsivity is a core process underpinning both substance and behavioral addictive disorders, although it is not equally implicated across all substances. Compulsivity-related neurocognition, by comparison, is important across alcohol and gambling disorders, but has yet to be examined systematically. The gestalt of findings to date suggests that both impulsivity and compulsivity are core constructs linked to addictive behaviors and may not be solely the secondary sequelae associated with the effects of prolonged substance exposure.
Topics: Behavior, Addictive; Compulsive Behavior; Executive Function; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Inhibition, Psychological; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 30927147
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-019-09402-x -
Journal of Forensic Sciences Jan 2023Methamphetamine (METH) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are common drugs of abuse and driving under their influence may occur in 1 million people yearly in... (Review)
Review
Methamphetamine (METH) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are common drugs of abuse and driving under their influence may occur in 1 million people yearly in the United States. This systematic review fills the currently unmet need in understanding the effects of METH and MDMA on motor vehicle driving performance (MVP) and provides insight into the forensic community. A PubMed search on September 24, 2020, for experimental and observational studies, which evaluated the impact of METH and MDMA on MVP was performed. After a review of 208 abstracts, 103 were considered potentially interesting and full texts were obtained. After the exclusion of non-English articles, review articles, single case reports, and articles which did not evaluate METH or MDMA on MVP, a total of nine experimental studies, 10 traditional observational studies, and 35 case series were included. The clinical rigor of experimental studies was evaluated using the Jadad scale. Experimental studies often demonstrated no significant MVP safety signals for METH or MDMA use, which was contrary to the overwhelming MVP safety risks found in observational studies. Common driving behaviors while using METH or MDMA include: errors in judgment, traveling at high speeds, failure to stop, merging inappropriately, lane weaving, and crashes. Limitations of experimental studies that led to dissimilar MVP outcomes from observational studies include: the common use of driving simulators, as opposed to actual driving examinations, and doses of METH or MDMA administered may not be representative of blood concentrations seen in observational studies. This systematic review has no funding source and was not registered.
Topics: Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Methamphetamine; Motor Vehicles
PubMed: 36411495
DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15179 -
Child Maltreatment May 2022State and federal policies regarding substance use in pregnancy, specifically whether a notification to child protective services is required, continue to evolve. To...
State and federal policies regarding substance use in pregnancy, specifically whether a notification to child protective services is required, continue to evolve. To inform practice, policy, and future research, we sought to synthesize and critically evaluate the existing literature regarding the association of prenatal substance exposure with child maltreatment. We conducted a comprehensive electronic search of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CHINAL, Social Work Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, and Social Services Abstracts. We identified 30 studies that examined the association of exposure to any/multiple substances, cocaine, alcohol, opioids, marijuana, and amphetamine/methamphetamine with child maltreatment. Overall, results indicated that substance exposed infants have an increased likelihood of child protective services involvement, maternal self-reported risk of maltreatment behaviors, hospitalizations and clinic visits for suspected maltreatment, and adolescent retrospective self-report of maltreatment compared to unexposed infants. While study results suggest an association of prenatal substance exposure with child maltreatment, there are several methodological considerations that have implications for results and interpretation, including definitions of prenatal substance exposure and maltreatment, study populations used, and potential unmeasured confounding. As each may bias study results, careful interpretation and further research are warranted to appropriately inform programs and policy.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Abuse; Child Protective Services; Family; Female; Humans; Infant; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 33550839
DOI: 10.1177/1077559521990116 -
Addiction Science & Clinical Practice Oct 2021Methamphetamine/amphetamine use has sharply increased among people with opioid use disorder (OUD). It is therefore important to understand whether and how use of these... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Methamphetamine/amphetamine use has sharply increased among people with opioid use disorder (OUD). It is therefore important to understand whether and how use of these substances may impact receipt of, and outcomes associated with, medications for OUD (MOUD). This systematic review identified studies that examined associations between methamphetamine/amphetamine use or use disorder and 3 classes of outcomes: (1) receipt of MOUD, (2) retention in MOUD, and (3) opioid abstinence during MOUD.
METHODS
We searched 3 databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete) from 1/1/2000 to 7/28/2020 using key words and subject headings, and hand-searched reference lists of included articles. English-language studies of people with documented OUD/opioid use that reported a quantitative association between methamphetamine/amphetamine use or use disorder and an outcome of interest were included. Study data were extracted using a standardized template, and risk of bias was assessed for each study. Screening, inclusion, data extraction and bias assessment were conducted independently by 2 authors. Study characteristics and findings were summarized for each class of outcomes.
RESULTS
Thirty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. Studies generally found that methamphetamine/amphetamine use or use disorder was negatively associated with receiving methadone and buprenorphine; 2 studies suggested positive associations with receiving naltrexone. Studies generally found negative associations with retention; most studies finding no association had small samples, and these studies tended to examine shorter retention timeframes and describe provision of adjunctive services to address substance use. Studies generally found negative associations with opioid abstinence during treatment among patients receiving methadone or sustained-release naltrexone implants, though observed associations may have been confounded by other polysubstance use. Most studies examining opioid abstinence during other types of MOUD treatment had small samples.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, existing research suggests people who use methamphetamine/amphetamines may have lower receipt of MOUD, retention in MOUD, and opioid abstinence during MOUD. Future research should examine how specific policies and treatment models impact MOUD outcomes for these patients, and seek to understand the perspectives of MOUD providers and people who use both opioids and methamphetamine/amphetamines. Efforts to improve MOUD care and overdose prevention strategies are needed for this population.
Topics: Buprenorphine; Humans; Methadone; Methamphetamine; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Opioid-Related Disorders
PubMed: 34635170
DOI: 10.1186/s13722-021-00266-2 -
American Journal of Medical Genetics.... Dec 2009Efforts to understand the biological processes that increase susceptibility to methamphetamine (METH) use disorders (i.e., abuse, dependence, and psychosis) have... (Review)
Review
Efforts to understand the biological processes that increase susceptibility to methamphetamine (METH) use disorders (i.e., abuse, dependence, and psychosis) have uncovered several putative genotypic variants. However, to date a synthesis of this information has not been conducted. Thus, systematic searches of the current literature were undertaken for genetic-association studies of METH use disorders. Each gene's chromosomal location, function, and examined polymorphic markers were extracted. Frequencies, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for risk alleles, as well as sample size and power, were calculated. We uncovered 38 studies examining 39 genes, of which 18 were found to have a significant genotypic, allelic, and/or haplotypic association with METH use disorders. Three genes (COMT, DRD4, and GABRA1) were associated with METH abuse, nine (ARRB2, BDNF, CYP2D6, GLYT1, GSTM1, GSTP1, PDYN, PICK1, and SLC22A3) with METH dependence, two (AKT1 and GABRG2) with METH abuse/dependence, and four (DTNBP1, OPRM1, SNCA, and SOD2) with METH psychosis. Limitations related to phenotypic classification, statistical power, and potential publication bias in the current literature were noted. Similar to other behavioral, psychiatric, and substance use disorders, the genetic epidemiology of METH use disorders is complex and likely polygenic. National and international collaborative efforts are needed to increase the availability of large population-based samples and improve upon the power to detect genetic associations of small magnitude. Further, replication of the findings reviewed here along with further development of more rigorous methodologies and reporting protocols will aid in delineating the complex genetic epidemiology of METH use disorders.
Topics: Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Genetic Association Studies; Humans; Methamphetamine; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Psychoses, Substance-Induced
PubMed: 19219857
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30936 -
The International Journal on Drug Policy Jan 2019'Chemsex' is the use of drugs before or during planned sexual events to facilitate, enhance, prolong and sustain the experience. Drugs associated with chemsex are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
'Chemsex' is the use of drugs before or during planned sexual events to facilitate, enhance, prolong and sustain the experience. Drugs associated with chemsex are methamphetamine, GHB/GBL, mephedrone, cocaine and ketamine. This review syntheses published research on the antecedents, behaviours and consequences associated with chemsex behaviours among men who have sex with men (MSM).
METHODS
Papers from high income countries which were published between January 2000 and September 2018 reporting the use of chemsex drugs before or during sex were identified through Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL and Central. Results were synthesised using a narrative approach and conceptualised using a behavioural analysis framework.
RESULTS
The search identified 2492 publications, of which 38 were included in the final synthesis. There were wide variations in chemsex prevalence estimates due to the heterogeneous sampling in the studies. Chemsex participants have expectations that the drugs will positively affect their sexual encounters and HIV positive MSM are more likely to engage in the behaviour than HIV negative MSM. There were wide ranging prevalence estimates on injecting drugs for sexual purposes and the sharing of injecting equipment with some evidence of unsafe injecting practices. Participants were more likely to engage in condomless anal intercourse than men who do not engage in chemsex. This may increase the risk of transmission for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
CONCLUSION
A minority of MSM appear to engage in chemsex behaviours but they are at risk of this negatively impacting on their health and well-being. Further research is required to examine high risk chemsex behaviours, impact of chemsex on psycho-social well-being and if chemsex influences uptake of PrEP, PEP and sexual health screening.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Cocaine; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Ketamine; Male; Methamphetamine; Prevalence; Risk-Taking; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Substance-Related Disorders; Unsafe Sex
PubMed: 30513473
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.11.014 -
Addiction Research & Theory 2023There has been an increase in methamphetamine use across the globe, despite widespread control of the drug, prevention, and treatment. Community-based approaches have...
BACKGROUND
There has been an increase in methamphetamine use across the globe, despite widespread control of the drug, prevention, and treatment. Community-based approaches have proven effective in tackling diverse health-related challenges including substance use; however, little is known regarding community programs targeting methamphetamine use. We conducted a systematic literature review on community programs aimed at tackling the use of methamphetamine across the globe.
METHOD
Relevant literature from peer-reviewed and gray literature sources were systematically identified. A grid template was used to extract and synthesize findings from retrieved literature regarding themes of actors, actions, and outcomes related to identified programs.
RESULTS
A total of 19 documents met our inclusion criteria. Some of the dominant actors in efforts to reduce methamphetamine use in communities were local councils, drug enforcement units, influential persons in the community, people who use or had used methamphetamine, business corporations, and already-existing health promoting platforms. Actions taken were typically education/awareness/information campaigns. Drug enforcement agencies appeared to make little gains when acting alone, and appeared to drive dealers and users underground. Many of the efforts made at the community level were alluded to be beneficial; however, it was difficult to quantify the impact of programs. Community-level efforts also tended to cascade to other drugs.
CONCLUSION
Community-based actors and actions are diverse and critical to the prevention of methamphetamine use. There is a need to better coordinate and integrate different actors and interventions so that outcomes can be better monitored and evaluated for greater effectiveness in reducing methamphetamine use.
PubMed: 37990720
DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2023.2167982 -
Addiction & Health Jan 2020Today, increased use of methamphetamine in homosexual men is associated with high-risk sexual behaviors and (HIV) epidemic. Mobile phone-based interventions are an... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Today, increased use of methamphetamine in homosexual men is associated with high-risk sexual behaviors and (HIV) epidemic. Mobile phone-based interventions are an accessible and rapid method to provide healthcare services to this population. This study aimed to systematically review the effects of mobile phone-based interventions on methamphetamine use and high-risk sexual behaviors in homosexual men.
METHODS
This systematic review was conducted by two researchers via searching in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases to retrieve the published articles regarding the effects of mobile phone-based interventions on the control of methamphetamine use and high-risk sexual behaviors.
FINDINGS
Among 250 unique articles that were retrieved, only five cases met all the inclusion criteria of the study. Accordingly, some of the applied interventions included text messaging (n = 4) and mobile apps (n = 1). In this regard, the use of text messaging significantly decreased the rates of methamphetamine use, condomless anal intercourse (CAI), and HIV transmission among homosexual men.
CONCLUSION
According to the results, short-term interventions based on text messaging could decrease the rates of methamphetamine use and the high-risk sexual behaviors associated with HIV infection in homosexual men. Despite the positive impact of these interventions, long-term follow-ups are required for individuals using methamphetamine in different communities.
PubMed: 32582416
DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v12i1.254