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Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 2021The primary focus of this review was to establish the possible association of dysbiotic changes in the gut bacterial microbiomes with both intestinal and... (Review)
Review
The primary focus of this review was to establish the possible association of dysbiotic changes in the gut bacterial microbiomes with both intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases with emphasis on ocular diseases such as bacterial keratitis, fungal keratitis, uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, and ocular mucosal diseases. For this particular purpose, a systematic search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar for publications related to gut microbiome and human health (using the keywords: gut microbiome, ocular disease, dysbiosis, keratitis, uveitis, and AMD). The predictions are that microbiome studies would help to unravel dysbiotic changes in the gut bacterial microbiome at the taxonomic and functional level and thus form the basis to mitigate inflammatory diseases of the eye by using nutritional supplements or fecal microbiota transplantation.
Topics: Bacteria; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Keratitis; Microbiota
PubMed: 33595467
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1362_20 -
Journal of Periodontology Oct 2017This systematic review assesses microbiologic profiles of peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and healthy implants based on studies that evaluated microbial biofilms and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This systematic review assesses microbiologic profiles of peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and healthy implants based on studies that evaluated microbial biofilms and entire microbiomes to establish their similarities and differences.
METHODS
The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online via PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were searched without language restrictions through July 30, 2016. Observational studies that evaluated microbial profiles or entire microbiomes of peri-implantitis compared with healthy implants or periodontitis were considered eligible for inclusion. A descriptive summary was created to determine quantity of data and interstudy variations.
RESULTS
Of 126 potentially eligible articles, 26 were included in this study. Twenty-one of these articles evaluated the microbiologic profile of peri-implantitis versus healthy implants or periodontitis using conventional microbiologic techniques. Five articles evaluated the entire microbiome using genomic sequencing. Teeth with periodontitis, healthy implants, or implants with peri-implantitis were colonized by periodontal microorganisms. Porphyromonas gingivalis and especially Prevotella intermedius/nigrescens were often identified at peri-implantitis sites. Peri-implantitis sites were also colonized by uncultivable asaccharolytic anaerobic Gram-positive rods and anaerobic Gram-negative rods, which were not frequently identified in teeth with periodontitis or healthy implants. Opportunistic microorganisms were not found very frequently in peri-implantitis sites.
CONCLUSIONS
Peri-implantitis represents a heterogeneous mixed infection that includes periodontopathic microorganisms, uncultivable asaccharolytic anaerobic Gram-positive rods and other uncultivable Gram-negative rods, and, rarely, opportunistic microorganisms such as enteric rods and Staphylococcus aureus. Sequencing methods that evaluate the entire microbiome improve identification of microorganisms associated with peri-implantitis.
Topics: Biofilms; Humans; Microbiota; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontitis
PubMed: 28625077
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170123 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by neuronal damage and progressive loss of neuron function. Microbiome-based interventions, such as dietary... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by neuronal damage and progressive loss of neuron function. Microbiome-based interventions, such as dietary interventions, biotics, and fecal microbiome transplant, have been proposed as a novel approach to managing symptoms and modulating disease progression. Emerging clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of interventions modulating the GM in alleviating or reversing disease progression, yet no comprehensive synthesis have been done. A systematic review of the literature was therefore conducted to investigate the efficacy of microbiome-modulating methods. The search yielded 4051 articles, with 15 clinical trials included. The overall risk of bias was moderate in most studies. Most microbiome-modulating interventions changed the GM composition. Despite inconsistent changes in GM composition, the meta-analysis showed that microbiome-modulating interventions improved disease burden (SMD, - 0.57; 95% CI - 0.93 to - 0.21; I = 42%; P = 0.002) with a qualitative trend of improvement in constipation. However, current studies have high methodological heterogeneity and small sample sizes, requiring more well-designed and controlled studies to elucidate the complex linkage between microbiome, microbiome-modulating interventions, and NDDs.
Topics: Humans; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Probiotics
PubMed: 38664425
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59250-w -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are chronic autoimmune disorders that cause impaired immunoregulation, leading to specific immune responses against thyroid antigens.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are chronic autoimmune disorders that cause impaired immunoregulation, leading to specific immune responses against thyroid antigens. Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are the major forms of AITDs. Increasing evidence suggests a possible role of microbiota alterations in the pathogenesis and progression of AITDs. This systematic review was designed to address the following question: "Is microbiota altered in patients with AITDs?" After screening the selected studies using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 studies were included in this review (in accordance with PRISMA statement guidelines). A meta-analysis revealed that patients with HT showed significantly higher values of diversity indices (except for the Simpson index) and that patients with GD showed significant tendencies toward lower values of all assessed indices compared with healthy subjects. However, the latter demonstrated a higher relative abundance of and at the phylum level and thus and at the genus level, respectively. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies showed the most significant positive and negative correlations between bacterial levels and thyroid functional parameters. In conclusion, significant alterations in the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota were observed in both GD and HT patients.
Topics: Humans; Hashimoto Disease; Graves Disease; Autoimmune Diseases; Microbiota
PubMed: 36362236
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113450 -
Journal of Internal Medicine Oct 2021Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), characterized by a loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, is a relatively rare but currently incurable... (Review)
Review
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), characterized by a loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, is a relatively rare but currently incurable neurodegenerative disease. The global incidence of ALS is estimated as 1.75 per 100,000 person-years and the global prevalence is estimated as 4.1-8.4 per 100,000 individuals. Contributions from outside the central nervous system to the etiology of ALS have been increasingly recognized. Gut microbiome is one of the most quickly growing fields of research for ALS. In this article, we performed a comprehensive review of the results from existing animal and human studies, to provide an up-to-date summary of the current research on gut microbiome and ALS. In brief, we found relatively consistent results from animal studies, suggesting an altered gut microbiome composition in experimental ALS. Publication bias might however be a concern. Findings from human studies are largely inconclusive. A few animal and human studies demonstrated the usefulness of intervention with microbial-derived metabolites in modulating the disease progression of ALS. We discussed potential methodological concerns in these studies, including study design, statistical power, handling process of biospecimens and sequencing data, as well as statistical methods and interpretation of results. Finally, we made a few proposals for continued microbiome research in ALS, with the aim to provide valid, reproducible, and translatable findings.
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Disease Progression; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans
PubMed: 34080741
DOI: 10.1111/joim.13336 -
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs Apr 2024Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory cutaneous disease that arises due to dysregulation of the Th2 immune response, impaired skin barrier integrity, and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory cutaneous disease that arises due to dysregulation of the Th2 immune response, impaired skin barrier integrity, and dysbiosis of the skin and gut microbiota. An abundance of biofilms in AD lesions increases the Th2 immune response, and gut bacteria release breakdown products such as Short Chain Fatty Acids that regulate the systemic immune response.
AREAS COVERED
We aim to evaluate therapies that modulate the microbiome in humans and discuss the clinical implications of these treatments. We performed a review of the literature in which 2,673 records were screened, and describe the findings of 108 studies that were included after full-text review. All included studies discussed the effects of therapies on the human microbiome and AD severity. Oral probiotics, topical probiotics, biologics, and investigational therapies were included in our analysis.
EXPERT OPINION
Oral probiotics demonstrate mixed efficacy at relieving AD symptoms. Topical probiotics reduce S. aureus abundance in AD lesional skin, yet for moderate-severe disease, these therapies may not reduce AD severity scores to the standard of biologics. Dupilumab and tralokinumab target key inflammatory pathways in AD and modulate the skin microbiome, further improving disease severity.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Staphylococcus aureus; Skin; Microbiota; Biological Products
PubMed: 38441984
DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2326625 -
Minerva Stomatologica Dec 2018The association between the oral microbiome and periodontal diseases is still unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the association... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
The association between the oral microbiome and periodontal diseases is still unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the association between the specific pathogens and periodontitis.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
A computerized medical search was performed using MEDLINE and SCOPUS database between 1950 and May 2017 to identify all case-control studies that evaluated the association between specific pathogens and periodontitis. The pooled Odds Ratio with relative 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated and plotted in the forest plot.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Eleven RCTs involving 2111 patients were included. The retrieved case-control studies evaluated the presence or absence of different targeted pathogens. Among the microrganisms evaluated Porphyromonas gengivalis (OR [95% CI] 2.93 [0.98,8.87]; P<0.0001) and Streptococcus mutans (OR [95% CI] 1.77 [0.89-3.54]; P=0.03) were found to be risk factors for the development of periodontitis, while Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (OR [95% CI] 0.52 [0.33-0.83]) played a protective role for periodontitis.
CONCLUSIONS
It seems that changes in the taxonomic composition of the microbiome rather than single targeted pathogens is the key determinant of periodontitis.
Topics: Humans; Microbiota; Periodontitis
PubMed: 30207437
DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4970.18.04198-5 -
BMC Microbiology May 2023Mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiome (GMB) plays an essential role in kidney stone (KS) formation. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiome (GMB) plays an essential role in kidney stone (KS) formation. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the composition of gut microbiota in kidney stone patients and healthy individuals, and further understand the role of gut microbiota in nephrolithiasis.
RESULTS
Six databases were searched to find taxonomy-based comparison studies on the GMB until September 2022. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 to estimate the overall relative abundance of gut microbiota in KS patients and healthy subjects. Eight studies were included with 356 nephrolithiasis patients and 347 healthy subjects. The meta-analysis suggested that KS patients had a higher abundance of Bacteroides (35.11% vs 21.25%, Z = 3.56, P = 0.0004) and Escherichia_Shigella (4.39% vs 1.78%, Z = 3.23, P = 0.001), and a lower abundance of Prevotella_9 (8.41% vs 10.65%, Z = 4.49, P < 0.00001). Qualitative analysis revealed that beta-diversity was different between the two groups (P < 0.05); Ten taxa (Bacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavobacterium, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, Rhodobacter and Gordonia) helped the detection of kidney stones (P < 0.05); Genes or protein families of the GMB involved in oxalate degradation, glycan synthesis, and energy metabolism were altered in patients (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
There is a characteristic gut microbiota dysbiosis in kidney stone patients. Individualized therapies like microbial supplementation, probiotic or synbiotic preparations and adjusted diet patterns based on individual gut microbial characteristics of patients may be more effective in preventing stone formation and recurrence.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Kidney Calculi; Synbiotics; Flavobacterium; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 37208622
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02891-0 -
Behavioural Brain Research Feb 2023The impact of the microbiome on brain function and behavior has recently become an important research topic. We searched for a link between the gut microbiome and... (Review)
Review
The impact of the microbiome on brain function and behavior has recently become an important research topic. We searched for a link between the gut microbiome and impulsive and violent behavior. We focused on critical factors influencing the microbiome establishment that may affect human health later in life, i.e., delivery mode, early-life feeding, and early antibiotic exposure. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. We included original human studies examining adults and children with impulsive and/or violent behavior that assessed the gut microbiota composition of participants, delivery mode, infant feeding mode, or early antibiotic exposure. Bibliographic searches yielded 429 articles, and 21 met the eligibility criteria. Two studies reported data on patients with schizophrenia with violent behavior, while 19 studies reported data on patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The results showed several bacterial taxa associated with ADHD symptomatology and with violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia. No association was found between delivery mode and impulsive behavior, nor did any articles relate infant feeding mode to violent human behavior. Those studies investigating early antibiotic exposure yielded ambiguous results. The heterogeneity of the data and the different methodologies of the included studies limited the external validity of the results. We found few studies that addressed the possible microbiome involvement in the pathophysiology of impulsive and violent behavior in humans. Our review revealed a gap in knowledge regarding links between the gut microbiome and these extreme behavioral patterns.
Topics: Infant; Child; Adult; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Aggression; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36549572
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114266 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022This systematic review describes the role of the human microbiome and microbiota in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Studies on the microbiota of patients,...
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review describes the role of the human microbiome and microbiota in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Studies on the microbiota of patients, healthcare environment (HE), medical equipment, or healthcare workers (HCW) and how it could be transmitted among the different subjects will be described in order to define alarming risk factors for HAIs spreading and to identify strategies for HAIs control or prevention.
METHODS
This review was performed in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After retrieval in databases, identification, and screening of available records, 36 published studies were considered eligible and included in the review.
RESULTS
A multifaceted approach is required and the analyses of the many factors related to human microbiota, which can influence HAIs onset, could be of paramount importance in their prevention and control. In this review, we will focus mainly on the localization, transmission, and prevention of ESKAPE (, and ) bacteria and Clostridium difficile which are the most common pathogens causing HAIs.
CONCLUSIONS
Healthcare workers' microbiota, patient's microbiota, environmental and medical equipment microbiota, ecosystem characteristics, ways of transmission, cleaning strategies, and the microbial resistome should be taken into account for future studies on more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies against HAIs.
Topics: Humans; Cross Infection; Microbiota; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 36530685
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.989496