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Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 2013This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the caries-prevention effect of fluoridated food, excluding water. The main aim of this review was to evaluate the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the caries-prevention effect of fluoridated food, excluding water. The main aim of this review was to evaluate the presence of scientific evidence relating to the effects of fluoride intake via food on the occurrence of carious lesions. The outcome was defined as a clinical outcome, so only papers evaluating a decrease in caries indices were included.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Relevant databases (Medline®, Embase®, The Cochrane Library) were searched. The date range was set from 01.01.1966 to 03.31.2011. One hundred and thirty-nine reports were identified and assessed. Only three papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were discussed in detail.
RESULTS
No paper related to the use of fluoridated salt in caries prevention fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The use of milk as a vehicle for providing additional fluoride in a dental public health programme was evaluated in two papers. The consumption of fluoridated milk was an effective measure to prevent caries in the primary teeth. The use of fluoridated sugar demonstrated a reduction in caries increment in the permanent dentition in one paper.
CONCLUSIONS
Literature on the effectiveness of fluoridation in foods in caries prevention is scant and almost all the studies have been conducted in children. There is low evidence that the use of milk fluoridation is effective in reducing the caries increment.
Topics: Dental Caries; Fluorides; Food Additives; Humans
PubMed: 22827733
DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.690447 -
Annales de Dermatologie Et de... 2013Recent developments and therapeutic use of selective BRAF inhibitors (e.g. dabrafenib and vemurafenib) have significantly improved overall survival and disease-free... (Review)
Review
Recent developments and therapeutic use of selective BRAF inhibitors (e.g. dabrafenib and vemurafenib) have significantly improved overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with BRAF V600 mutation-positive metastatic melanoma. Despite their survival benefits, small-molecule inhibitors of BRAF are associated with significant and sometimes severe treatment-related dermatological toxicity. The most common adverse skin reactions include photosensitivity, induced malignant lesions of the skin such as keratoacanthomas, squamous cell carcinoma and new primary melanomas, as well as keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation dysfunctions that can manifest as skin papillomas, hand-foot skin reaction, keratosis pilaris-like rash, acantholytic dyskeratosis and cysts of the milia type. In this article, we describe the clinical and histological features of the cutaneous manifestations induced by vemurafenib and dabrafenib on the basis of our clinical experience and a literature review. The crucial role of dermatologists in patient management is also highlighted.
Topics: Acantholysis; Alopecia; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Codon; Drug Eruptions; Hand-Foot Syndrome; Humans; Imidazoles; Indoles; Keratoacanthoma; Keratosis; Melanoma; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Nevus; Oximes; Panniculitis; Photosensitivity Disorders; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Radiodermatitis; Skin Neoplasms; Sulfonamides; Vemurafenib
PubMed: 24034635
DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2013.02.031 -
Nutrients Jul 2013This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the caries-prevention effect of probiotics in human. The hypothesis was that the administration of probiotic strains... (Review)
Review
This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the caries-prevention effect of probiotics in human. The hypothesis was that the administration of probiotic strains might play a role in caries lesion prevention and in the control of caries-related risk factors. The main relevant databases (Medline, Embase) were searched. Quality of the Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) was classified using the "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials" (CONSORT) checklist and the Impact Factor (IF) value of each journal was recorded. Sixty-six papers were identified, and 23 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Only three studies had caries lesion development as outcome, all the others reported caries risk factors as interim evaluation. Using the CONSORT Score, the papers were coded as 4 excellent, 9 good and 10 poor. The mean IF value recorded was 1.438. Probiotics may play a role as antagonistic agent on mutans streptococci (MS), acidogenic/aciduric bacteria that contributes to the caries process. In two-thirds of the selected papers, probiotics have demonstrated the capacity to reduce MS counts in saliva and/or plaque in short-term. The effect of probiotics on the development of caries lesion seems encouraging, but to date, RCTs on this topic are insufficient to provide scientific clinical evidence.
Topics: Dental Caries; Humans; Probiotics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 23857225
DOI: 10.3390/nu5072530 -
European Journal of Public Health Apr 2018The number of Europeans aged over 65 will double between 2010 and 2060, reaching 30% of the European population. Nutrition is emerging as a key element of healthy life... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The number of Europeans aged over 65 will double between 2010 and 2060, reaching 30% of the European population. Nutrition is emerging as a key element of healthy life since both obesity and malnutrition are established risk factors for morbidity and disability. The aim of this umbrella review (UR) is to summarize the findings of all current systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyzes (MAs) on the effectiveness of nutritional intervention designed to promote healthy aging in older individuals.
METHODS
Eligible articles published in English or Italian between January 2000 and May 2016 were identified in six databases. Only studies that analyzed nutritional interventions in the population of 65 years and over, or papers specifically targeting older adults were deemed eligible.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight papers, out of which twenty-five SRs and three MAs, met the inclusion criteria and were included in this umbrella SR. Supplementation with vitamin D and other kind of products was highly effective in preventing falls and fractures. Furthermore, several interventions, ranging from the prescription of supplements to environmental and organizational programs, resulted in an improvement in energy and protein intake, as well as positive weight outcomes. Positive findings were also found for the elderly at risk of malnutrition and for older patients with dementia.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this UR indicate that the use of a wide range of supplements and environmental and organizational intervention improve a number of anthropometric, nutritional and functional indices in the elderly.
Topics: Aged; Dietary Supplements; Enteral Nutrition; Europe; Feeding Behavior; Food Services; Geriatric Assessment; Health Education; Humans
PubMed: 29228152
DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx199