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Journal of Pediatric Psychology Mar 2022Over the past two decades, there has been a steady increase in research focused on the association between weight-based stigma and mental health outcomes in children and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Over the past two decades, there has been a steady increase in research focused on the association between weight-based stigma and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations between weight stigma and mental health in youth.
METHODS
A systematic search of PubMed, PsychInfo, and Embase databases was conducted in January 2020. Inclusion criteria included the following: (a) examined an association between weight stigma and a mental health outcome, (b) mean sample age <18 (+1 standard deviation) years, (c) written in English, and (d) peer reviewed. Forty eligible articles were identified. The moderating effects of age, sex (percent female), weight status (percent with overweight/obesity), and study quality were examined.
RESULTS
Overall, meta-analytic findings using a random-effects model indicated a statistically significant moderate association between weight stigma and poorer mental health outcomes (r = .32, 95% confidence interval [0.292, 0.347], p < .001). Age and study quality each moderated the association between weight stigma and mental health. Generally, the study quality was fair to poor, with many studies lacking validated measurement of weight stigma.
CONCLUSIONS
Although there was a significant association between weight stigma and mental health in youth, study quality hinders the current body of literature. Furthermore, findings highlight the lack of consideration of internalized weight stigma in child populations, the importance of using validated measures of weight stigma, and the need for increased awareness of how these associations affect populations of diverse backgrounds.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Humans; Mental Health; Overweight; Weight Prejudice; Young Adult
PubMed: 34791368
DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab110 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Oct 2023The affective, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of impulsivity involved in suicide-related outcomes can be investigated through the UPPS model, which conceptualizes... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The affective, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of impulsivity involved in suicide-related outcomes can be investigated through the UPPS model, which conceptualizes these facets in multidimensional terms related to negative and positive urgency, lack of premeditation and perseverance, and sensation seeking. This systematic review and meta-analysis provided a comprehensive understanding of the role of all facets of impulsivity in the development of suicidal ideation and behaviors.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search on six databases (PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science) until May 5,2023. Overall, 49 studies met the criteria for systematic review, of which 37 were included in a meta-analysis of data from 17.898 individuals. Additional moderation analyses included age, gender, sample status, country of study conduct, assessment instruments, type of suicide-related outcome, study quality, and research design.
RESULTS
We found significant relationships between aspects of impulsivity and suicide-related outcomes. Specially, affective facets related to impulsivity showed a stronger association with suicidal ideations and attempts than cognitive and behavioral dimensions, recommending the main involvement of emotional aspects-positive and negative-in suicide-related dimensions.
LIMITATIONS
The limited number of studies may have negatively impacted the power of moderation analyses. In addition, for most dimensions of impulsivity, the limited number of longitudinal studies did not allow to test the moderating role of research design.
CONCLUSIONS
This study supports the role of impulsivity in suicidal ideation and behavior, identifying the affective component of impulsivity as the most involved, providing a significant contribution from a clinical and diagnostic point of view.
Topics: Humans; Suicide; Impulsive Behavior; Suicidal Ideation; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 37459976
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.086 -
Community Dentistry and Oral... Aug 2013Obesity and dental caries have become increasingly prevalent challenges to public health. Research results into the relationship between obesity and dental caries in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
Obesity and dental caries have become increasingly prevalent challenges to public health. Research results into the relationship between obesity and dental caries in children have been mixed and inconclusive. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to provide evidence to quantify the relationship between obesity and dental caries in children using a systematic approach.
METHODS
A systematic search for papers between 1980 and 2010 addressing childhood obesity and dental caries was conducted and a random effects model meta-analysis applied.
RESULTS
Fourteen papers met the selection criteria. Overall, a significant relationship between childhood obesity and dental caries (effect size = 0.104, P = 0.049) was found. When analysed by dentition type (primary versus permanent), there was a nonsignificant association of obesity and dental caries in permanent and primary dentitions, yet on accounting only for standardized definitions for assessment of child obesity using body mass index, a strong significant relationship was evident in children with permanent dentitions. Moderating for study country of origin (newly 'industrialized' versus industrialized) showed a significant relationship between obesity and dental caries in children from industrialized but not newly industrialized countries. Cofactors such as age and socioeconomic class were significant moderators.
CONCLUSIONS
Future analysis should investigate these confounding variables, helping shape the future of obesity management programmes and oral health interventions, through determining common risk factors.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Humans; Infant; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 23157709
DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12014 -
Drug and Alcohol Dependence Feb 2021Social impairments are important features of a substance use disorder diagnosis; and recent models suggest early impairments in socio-cognitive and -affective processes...
BACKGROUND
Social impairments are important features of a substance use disorder diagnosis; and recent models suggest early impairments in socio-cognitive and -affective processes may predict future use. However, no systematic reviews are available on this topic.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses exploring the association between social-cognitive and -affective processes (empathy, callous-unemotional (CU) traits, theory of mind, and social cognition) and substance use frequency (alcohol, cannabis, general drug use). We examined moderating effects of study design, gender, age, and weather conduct problems were controlled for. We also review brain studies related to social cognition and substance use disorder (SUD) risk.
RESULTS
Systematic review suggested a negative association for positively valenced constructs with substance use but mixed results on the negatively valenced construct CU traits. Meta-analyses revealed moderate positive association between CU traits with alcohol and general drug use but no significance with cannabis use. Moderate effect sizes were found for CU traits in youth predicting severity of substance use by late adolescence and significantly accounted for variance independently of conduct problems. Significant moderators included gender proportions, sample type, and age. Neuroimaging meta-analysis indicated 10 coordinates that were different in youth at a high risk/with SUD compared to controls. Three of these coordinates associate with theory of mind and social cognition.
CONCLUSION
Socio-cognitive and -affective constructs demonstrate an association with current and future substance use, and neural differences are present when performing social cognitive tasks in regions with strongest associations with theory of mind and social cognition.
Topics: Adolescent; Cognition; Conduct Disorder; Emotions; Empathy; Female; Humans; Male; Problem Behavior; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 33444900
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108479 -
COPD Dec 2023Depression and anxiety are related to physical activity among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although the strength and direction of the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Depression and anxiety are related to physical activity among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although the strength and direction of the reported relationships are inconsistent. This study systematically synthesized the relationships between physical activity and i) depression and ii) anxiety in people with COPD. Physical activity measurement type (objective, self-report) was examined as a moderator of these relationships. A systematic search of physical activity and COPD was conducted from inception to February 2022 across 8 databases. Studies were included if they provided correlation coefficients for the relationship between measures of physical activity and depression or anxiety in people with COPD and were published in English. Two reviewers independently screened, reviewed and extracted data, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Across 13 studies, a small relationship was found between physical activity and depression, weighted = -0.15, 95%CI [-0.21, -0.10], which was not moderated by physical activity measurement type. Across 8 studies, a negligible relationship was found between physical activity and anxiety, weighted = -0.03, 95%CI [-0.11, 0.04], although this was moderated by physical activity measurement type, such that self-reported physical activity had a small negative relationship with anxiety (weighted = -0.09, 95% CI [-0.15, -0.03]) and objectively measured physical activity had a small positive relationship (weighted = 0.07, 95% CI [-0.13, 0.26]). In COPD, the bivariate association between physical activity and anxiety and depression are small.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Depression; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Exercise; Quality of Life
PubMed: 37184039
DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2023.2200826 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Nov 2014Evidence suggests that physical self-concept is associated with physical activity in children and adolescents, but no systematic review of this literature has been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Evidence suggests that physical self-concept is associated with physical activity in children and adolescents, but no systematic review of this literature has been conducted.
OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the strength of associations between physical activity and physical self-concept (general and sub-domains) in children and adolescents. The secondary aim was to examine potential moderators of the association between physical activity and physical self-concept.
METHODS
A systematic search of six electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, Web of Science and Scopus) with no date restrictions was conducted. Random effects meta-analyses with correction for measurement were employed. The associations between physical activity and general physical self-concept and sub-domains were explored. A risk of bias assessment was conducted by two reviewers.
RESULTS
The search identified 64 studies to be included in the meta-analysis. Thirty-three studies addressed multiple outcomes of general physical self-concept: 28 studies examined general physical self-concept, 59 examined perceived competence, 25 examined perceived fitness, and 55 examined perceived appearance. Perceived competence was most strongly associated with physical activity (r = 0.30, 95% CI 0.24-0.35, p < 0.001), followed by perceived fitness (r = 0.26, 95% CI 0.20-0.32, p < 0.001), general physical self-concept (r = 0.25, 95% CI 0.16-0.34, p < 0.001) and perceived physical appearance (r = 0.12, 95% CI 0.08-0.16, p < 0.001). Sex was a significant moderator for general physical self-concept (p < 0.05), and age was a significant moderator for perceived appearance (p ≤ 0.01) and perceived competence (p < 0.05). No significant moderators were found for perceived fitness.
CONCLUSION
Overall, a significant association has been consistently demonstrated between physical activity and physical self-concept and its various sub-domains in children and adolescents. Age and sex are key moderators of the association between physical activity and physical self-concept.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Body Image; Child; Humans; Motor Activity; Physical Fitness; Self Concept; Self Efficacy; Sex Factors
PubMed: 25053012
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0229-z -
Psychiatry Research May 2024Traumatic events increase risk of mental illnesses, but childhood neglect prevalence in psychiatric disorders is understudied. This systematic review and meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Traumatic events increase risk of mental illnesses, but childhood neglect prevalence in psychiatric disorders is understudied. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed neglect prevalence, including emotional neglect (EN) and physical neglect (PN), among adults with psychiatric disorders. We conducted a systematic search and meta-analysis in 122 studies assessing different psychiatric disorders. Prevalence was 46.6% (95%CI[34.5-59.0]) for unspecified neglect (Ne), 43.1% (95%CI[39.0-47.4]) for EN, and 34.8% (95%CI[30.6-39.2]) for PN. Although a moderating effect of the psychiatric diagnostic category was not confirmed, some clinical diagnoses had significantly lower prevalence rates than others. Patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder showed lower prevalence rates of EN and PN, whereas lower prevalence was found in psychotic disorders and eating disorders for PN only. Neglect assessment was a significant moderator for Ne and PN. No moderating effect of age and sex on neglect prevalence was found. Heterogeneity levels within and between psychiatric diagnostic categories remained high. This is the first meta-analysis examining diverse types of neglect prevalence considering different psychiatric diagnoses. Our results explore the prevalence of childhood neglect and its subtypes among adults with psychiatric disorders, contributing to understanding the nuanced interplay between neglect and specific psychiatric conditions, and guiding interventions for affected individuals.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Child Abuse; Depressive Disorder, Major; Prevalence; Bipolar Disorder; Feeding and Eating Disorders
PubMed: 38579459
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115881 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Mar 2019New parents are vulnerable to fatigue and depressive symptoms. Many studies have reported significant positive correlations between the two in postpartum parents, but... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
New parents are vulnerable to fatigue and depressive symptoms. Many studies have reported significant positive correlations between the two in postpartum parents, but the size of correlations varies considerably between studies. The relationship between postpartum fatigue and depression is yet to be systematically synthesized and meta-analyzed.
METHODS
A PROSPERO registered systematic review and meta-analysis (CRD42017065240) was conducted on the correlation between fatigue and depression within the first two years postpartum in parents. Moderation analysis was used to examine the influence of demographic and measurement factors on the effect sizes.
RESULTS
Thirty-five eligible papers were identified (34 on mothers, 1 on fathers). The meta-analytic summary effect size for simultaneously measured fatigue and depressive symptoms among women in the postpartum period was r = 0.52, 95% CI [0.45, 0.59], p < .001. There was a high degree of heterogeneity in the strength of the correlation between studies. This heterogeneity was not accounted for by demographic (e.g., infant age, maternal age, population type) or methodology (e.g., measurement) related moderators.
LIMITATIONS
Studies not reporting or providing correlation between fatigue and depression were not included. Unable to assess some moderators due to limited sample size.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a strong correlation between fatigue and depressive symptoms among women in the first two years after child-birth, but a high degree of heterogeneity in correlation strength exists between studies. Careful assessment of both fatigue and depression when either symptom is reported could facilitate accurate differential diagnosis and prioritizing treatment in postpartum women. Further implications for assessment, treatment, and future research are discussed.
Topics: Comorbidity; Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Parents; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 30584956
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.032 -
Health & Place Sep 2023Residents of lower socioeconomic status (SES) areas are at a higher risk of overweight/obesity than those from higher SES areas. Built environment attributes may... (Review)
Review
Residents of lower socioeconomic status (SES) areas are at a higher risk of overweight/obesity than those from higher SES areas. Built environment attributes may mitigate such inequalities. This systematic review synthesised findings of studies examining built environment attributes as potential moderators of the associations between area-level SES and overweight/obesity in adults. From five databases, nine eligible studies were identified. The SES-overweight/obesity relationship was stronger in inner areas and suburbs of large cities, while it was weaker in more rural areas. Two studies examined walkability and reported contrasting findings: no moderation in one and marginally significant moderation (less inequality in higher walkability areas) in the other. No evidence of moderation was found for street connectivity, population density, the food environment, access to physical activity facilities and several perceived environmental attributes. Further research is needed on other built environment attributes (e.g., access to, quantity and quality of green spaces, active transport features), and ideally using prospective study designs and objective makers of adiposity.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Overweight; Walking; Environment Design; Prospective Studies; Residence Characteristics; Built Environment; Obesity; Social Class
PubMed: 37625238
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103101 -
Psychoneuroendocrinology Nov 2022Childhood exposure to violence has been consistently linked to externalizing behaviors like delinquency and aggression. Growing evidence indicates that physiological... (Review)
Review
Childhood exposure to violence has been consistently linked to externalizing behaviors like delinquency and aggression. Growing evidence indicates that physiological biomarkers from the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems (PNS and SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may moderate or mediate the relation between childhood violence exposure and externalizing behaviors. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize recent findings on physiological biomarkers as mediators and/or moderators of this association across the life course, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our search yielded 3878 articles, of which 44 met inclusion criteria (describing a total of 46 independent studies). We found consistent evidence for blunted HPA-axis reactivity as a mediator of the relation between childhood violence exposure and subsequent externalizing behaviors, and for non-reciprocal PNS/SNS activation as moderators exacerbating this relation. However, the results of the majority of included studies that demonstrated significant moderating effects of physiological biomarkers varied by participant sex, type of childhood violence exposure, and type of stimuli used to induce physiological reactivity. The observed mixed findings are consistent with some theories that emphasize that both high and low stress reactivity can be adaptive depending on one's early environment. These findings highlight the need for systematic explorations of heterogeneity, theory-driven research questions, and longitudinal studies that span multiple developmental periods and multiple biological systems. Clinical implications include the need to assess physiological biomarkers in treatment and intervention studies and the potential to target interventions based on both autonomic functioning and environmental contexts.
Topics: Aggression; Biomarkers; Exposure to Violence; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 36087419
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105898