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Clinical Psychology Review Apr 2023Intolerance of uncertainty, a transdiagnostic factor manifested across emotional disorders, has been associated with difficulties in regulating emotions. This... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Intolerance of uncertainty, a transdiagnostic factor manifested across emotional disorders, has been associated with difficulties in regulating emotions. This meta-analysis addresses the lack of synthesis of this relationship. PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest were systematically searched for relevant articles published up to and during November 2022. We combined 161 effect sizes from 91 studies (N = 30,239), separating the analysis into maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation strategies and their association with intolerance of uncertainty. We found a moderate positive relationship between maladaptive, and a moderate inverse relationship between adaptive emotion regulation and intolerance of uncertainty. Analysing the magnitude of relationships revealed that cognitive avoidance and mindfulness were the maladaptive and adaptive strategies respectively which had the largest effect sizes and thus strongest relationships with intolerance of uncertainty. Combining all strategies, cognitive avoidance remained the largest effect size, while expressive suppression had the smallest effect size and was non-significant in its relationship. Further analyses testing study sample, design, and age as moderators found no significant moderator for the relationships between intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation strategies. These findings have implications for future intolerance of uncertainty interventions, with emotion regulation as a potential target of change.
Topics: Humans; Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Mood Disorders; Uncertainty
PubMed: 36965452
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102270 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Mar 2021Controlling child feeding practices (restriction and pressure-to-eat) have been theorized to predict increased child weight status. However, mixed evidence has been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Controlling child feeding practices (restriction and pressure-to-eat) have been theorized to predict increased child weight status. However, mixed evidence has been found for this association within previous narrative reviews. The present study quantitatively examined the association between controlling feeding practices and child weight status and examine potential study-level and person-level moderators. PubMed, PsychINFO, and Cochrane databases were utilized. Studies examining the association of controlling child feeding practices and child weight were included. Data from 51 studies, with 17 431 parent-child dyads, were included. There was a small but significant association between restrictive child feeding practices and child weight (d = .22, 95% CI, .14 to .30). Restriction was significantly associated with higher child weight status. This association was significantly moderated by child age and household income. There was also a significant association between pressure-to-eat child feeding practices and child weight (d = -.30, 95% CI, -.38 to -.22). No significant moderators were identified. Pressure-to-eat was significantly associated with lower child weight status. There was a high degree of heterogeneity of effects between studies included in analyses. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the effect of controlling feeding on child weight over time.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Child; Child Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Overweight; Parenting; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32840023
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13135 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Sep 2023Tai chi has been commonly used as an allied health strategy that can support the improvement of mental health for individuals, yet the comparative effects of Tai chi... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Tai chi has been commonly used as an allied health strategy that can support the improvement of mental health for individuals, yet the comparative effects of Tai chi versus non-mindful exercise on measures of anxiety, depression and general mental health are unknown. This study aims to quantitatively estimate the comparative effects between Tai chi and non-mindful exercise on measures of anxiety, depression, and general mental health and examine whether selected moderators of theoretical or practical importance moderate the effects.
METHODS
Consistent with PRISMA guidelines for conduct and reporting, we located articles published before 31 Dec 2021 using Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science, EBSCO (PsycArticles, PsycExtra, PsycInfo, Academic Search Premier, ERIC, MEDLINE). To be included in the analysis, studies were required to have (1) a design that randomly assigned participants to Tai chi and non-mindful exercise comparison condition or group. (2) anxiety, depression, or general mental health outcome measured at baseline and during or after Tai chi and exercise intervention. Study quality was judged using the tool for assessing study quality and reporting in exercise (TESTEX) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Three separate multilevel meta-analyses with random effects were performed to estimate the comparative effects of Tai chi versus non-mindful exercise on psychometric measures of anxiety, depression, and general mental health respectively. In addition, possible moderators were assessed accordingly for each meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty-three studies that included measures of anxiety (10), depression (14), and general mental health (11) involved 4370 participants (anxiety, 950; depression, 1959; general mental health,1461) and yielded 30 effects on anxiety, 48 on depression, and 27 on general mental health outcomes. Tai Chi training consisted of 1-5 sessions per week, 20-83 min per session, and 6-48 weeks. After adjusting for nesting effects, the results showed significant small-to-moderate effects of Tai chi versus non-mindful exercise on the measure of anxiety (d = 0.28, 95 % CI, 0.08 to 0.48), depression (d = 0.20, 95 % CI, 0.04 to 0.36), and general mental health (d = 0.40, 95 % CI, 0.08 to 0.73). Further moderator analyses showed that baseline general mental health T-score and study quality influenced the effects of Tai chi versus non-mindful exercise on measure of general mental health.
CONCLUSION
Compared to non-mindful exercise, the small body of studies reviewed here tentatively supports that Tai chi is more effective in reducing anxiety and depression and improving general mental health than non-mindful exercise. Higher-quality trials are needed to standardize Tai chi and non-mindful exercise exposure, quantify mindfulness elements in Tai chi practice, and control expectations on conditions to better determine the psychological effects of both exercise properties.
Topics: Humans; Tai Ji; Mental Health; Depression; Mindfulness; Anxiety; Quality of Life
PubMed: 37244543
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.037 -
Sports (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023The relationship between self-efficacy and performance exclusively within the sports environment is yet to be quantified. Hence, we meta-analysed this relationship by... (Review)
Review
The relationship between self-efficacy and performance exclusively within the sports environment is yet to be quantified. Hence, we meta-analysed this relationship by following the PRISMA guidelines. Two previous meta-analyses, five relevant databases, and Google Scholar were searched. Forty-four articles published between 1983 and 2021 met the inclusion criteria, with 55 independent samples. Comprehensive meta-analysis software version 4 was used for all meta-analytic calculations using a random-effects model to calculate the mean effect size, and a mixed-effects model was used for moderation analyses. The mean pre-event self-efficacy and performance effect size was = 0.31 (95% CI 0.22, 0.40). For moderation analyses, notable mean differences ( values ≥ 0.08) resulted for concordance [concordant ( = 0.37), nonconcordant ( = 0.22)], sports skill [closed ( = 0.37), open ( = 0.23)], and athlete level [elite ( = 0.40), sub-elite ( = 0.28)]. The true effect prediction interval ranged from negative (i.e., self-efficacy impairing performance) to positive (self-efficacy improving performance) for all moderator variables except self-referenced vs. other-referenced performance. In conclusion, the relationship between pre-event self-efficacy and performance is positive and moderate in magnitude, although with prediction intervals ranging from debilitating to facilitating performance. Researchers and practitioners should note that high athlete-rated self-efficacy might not always improve impending competitive sports performance.
PubMed: 37999439
DOI: 10.3390/sports11110222 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Mar 2022Anhedonia, the reduced capacity to experience pleasure, has long been considered a prominent feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Many domain-specific... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Anhedonia, the reduced capacity to experience pleasure, has long been considered a prominent feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Many domain-specific conceptualizations of anhedonia and pleasure capacity have been developed, and there currently exist a variety of self-report assessment tools that purport to assess these various domains. The current systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42020156169) aimed to quantify overall and domain-specific self-reported anhedonia in people with schizophrenia compared to nonpsychiatric controls. We performed a literature search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Embase databases for dissertations and peer-reviewed articles published in English prior to June 2021. Studies employing a psychometrically validated self-report measure of anhedonia, pleasure experience or affect in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or schizophreniform disorders; studies utilizing at least one clearly defined healthy or community control group for comparison; and studies providing sufficient data to calculate effect sizes were included in this review. Random and mixed effects meta-analyses, meta-regressions, and subgroup comparisons were run across domains of anhedonia to explore weighted mean effect sizes and their associated moderators. In total, 146 studies met inclusion criteria, yielding 390 Hedges' g effect sizes from the included comparisons. People with schizophrenia reported moderate-to-large elevations in overall and domain-specific anhedonia. A sensitivity analysis accounting for high risk of bias studies did not significantly impact results. Lastly, patient sex, education, negative symptom severity, antipsychotic class, and trait negative affect differentially moderated effect sizes across domains of anhedonia. Despite the heterogeneity inherent in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, self-reported anhedonia is ubiquitously reported across self-report measures in this population.
Topics: Adult; Anhedonia; Female; Humans; Male; Psychometrics; Schizophrenia; Self Report
PubMed: 34891171
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab136 -
Experimental and Clinical... Dec 2021Delay discounting reflects the systematic reduction in the value of a consequence by delay to delivery. Theoretical and empirical work suggests that delay discounting is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Delay discounting reflects the systematic reduction in the value of a consequence by delay to delivery. Theoretical and empirical work suggests that delay discounting is a key behavioral mechanism underlying substance use disorder. Existing work on cannabis use, however, is mixed with many studies reporting null results. The purpose of this review was to provide an in-depth assessment of the association between delay discounting and cannabis use. We conducted metaregression analyses to determine the omnibus correlation between delay discounting and cannabis use, and to evaluate task-based and sample-based moderators. Studies included evaluated an association between delay discounting and cannabis quantity-frequency or severity measures in human participants (27 studies, 61 effect sizes, 24,782 participants). A robust variance estimation method was used to account for dependence among effect sizes. A significant, but small, omnibus effect was observed ( = .082) in which greater cannabis use frequency or severity was associated with greater discounting. Incentive structure and outcome type were each significant moderators in a multiple moderator model such that incentivized tasks correlated with severity measures showed stronger associations ( = .234) than hypothetical tasks correlated with quantity-frequency measures ( = .029). Comparisons to historic effect size data supported the hypothesis that, at present, the relationship between cannabis use and delay discounting appears empirically smaller than for other substances. Future work should explore theoretical rationales explaining this modest relationship involving cannabis use and delay discounting, such as reflecting the smaller magnitude of perceived long-term clinical outcomes associated with cannabis compared to other substances. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Cannabis; Delay Discounting; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 32309968
DOI: 10.1037/pha0000378 -
Laboratory Animals Aug 2023Laboratory animal professionals (LAP) are faced with various situations and tasks influencing their mental well-being. A systematic review has been conducted to... (Review)
Review
Laboratory animal professionals (LAP) are faced with various situations and tasks influencing their mental well-being. A systematic review has been conducted to investigate whether there are specific stressors for LAP and which moderators are relevant for the development of psychological strain. A comprehensive search following PRISMA Guidelines was carried out in June 2021. Results include 12 studies and have been summarized qualitatively in narrative synthesis and tabular presentation. Available literature indicates that LAP are facing stressors but does not allow for conclusions on specific stressful job duties other than euthanasia.Signs of strain are present in LAP. Specifically, participants in qualitative studies reported acute symptoms, while chronic manifestations were in focus in quantitative studies. Although a wide variety of moderating factors have been investigated, only social support has been rated as relevant by multiple qualitative and quantitative studies without contrasting results.According to current data, there is a risk for psychological strain in LAP. However, there is limited understanding of specific stressors and data on moderators is diverse. Further studies that focus on domain-specific knowledge and clearly distinguish stressors from moderators are necessary to set up institutional programmes addressing psychological strain in LAP.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Stress, Psychological; Mental Health; Animals, Laboratory
PubMed: 36691311
DOI: 10.1177/00236772221129111 -
Preventive Medicine Dec 2015Promoting adherence to healthy dietary patterns is a critical public health issue. Models of behaviour, such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) allow programme... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Promoting adherence to healthy dietary patterns is a critical public health issue. Models of behaviour, such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) allow programme designers to identify antecedents of dietary patterns and design effective interventions. The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between TPB variables and dietary patterns.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate average correlations. Meta-regression was used to test the impact of moderator variables.
RESULTS
In total, 22 reports met the inclusion criteria. Attitudes had the strongest association with intention (r+=0.61) followed by perceived behavioural control (PBC, r+=0.46) and subjective norm (r+=0.35). The association between intention and behaviour was r+=0.47, and between PBC and behaviour r+=0.32. Moderator analyses revealed that younger participants had stronger PBC-behaviour associations than older participants had, and studies recording participants' perceptions of behaviour reported significantly higher intention-behaviour associations than did those using less subjective measures.
CONCLUSIONS
TPB variables were found to have medium to large associations with both intention and behaviour that were robust to the influence of key moderators. Recommendations for future research include further examination of the moderation of TPB variables by age and gender and the use of more valid measures of eating behaviour.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attitude; Behavior Control; Diet; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Intention; Male; Models, Biological; Psychological Theory
PubMed: 26348455
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.08.020 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between childhood maltreatment and chronic pain, with specific attention to the temporal nature of the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between childhood maltreatment and chronic pain, with specific attention to the temporal nature of the relationship and putative moderators, including, the nature (type), timing of occurrence, and magnitude of maltreatment; whether physical harm or injury occurred; and whether post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subsequently developed.
METHOD
We included studies that measured the prospective relationship between child maltreatment and pain. Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched electronically up to 28 July 2019. We used accepted methodological procedures common to prognosis studies and preregistered our review (PROSPERO record ID 142169) as per Cochrane review recommendations.
RESULTS
Nine studies (17,340 participants) were included in the present review. Baseline participant age ranged from 2 years to more than 65 years. Follow-up intervals ranged from one year to 16 years. Of the nine studies included, three were deemed to have a high risk of bias. With the exception of one meta-analysis of three studies, results were combined using narrative synthesis. Results showed low to very low quality and conflicting evidence across the various types of maltreatment, with the higher quality studies pointing to the absence of direct (non-moderated and non-mediated) associations between maltreatment and pain. PTSD was revealed to be a potential mediator and/or moderator. Evidence was not found for other proposed moderators.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, there is an absence of evidence from high quality studies of an association between maltreatment and pain. Our results are limited by the small number of studies reporting the relationship between child maltreatment and pain using a prospective design. High quality studies, including prospective cohort studies and those that assess and report on the moderators described above, are needed to advance the literature.
PubMed: 34572238
DOI: 10.3390/children8090806 -
Translational Psychiatry Dec 2023Narrative reviews have described various resting-state EEG power differences in autism across all five canonical frequency bands, with increased power for low and high... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Narrative reviews have described various resting-state EEG power differences in autism across all five canonical frequency bands, with increased power for low and high frequencies and reduced power for middle frequencies. However, these differences have yet to be quantified using effect sizes and probed robustly for consistency, which are critical next steps for clinical translation. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of published and gray literature on resting-state EEG power in autism. We performed 10 meta-analyses to synthesize and quantify differences in absolute and relative resting-state delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma EEG power in autism. We also conducted moderator analyses to determine whether demographic characteristics, methodological details, and risk-of-bias indicators might account for heterogeneous study effect sizes. Our literature search and study selection processes yielded 41 studies involving 1,246 autistic and 1,455 neurotypical individuals. Meta-analytic models of 135 effect sizes demonstrated that autistic individuals exhibited reduced relative alpha (g = -0.35) and increased gamma (absolute: g = 0.37, relative: g = 1.06) power, but similar delta (absolute: g = 0.06, relative: g = 0.10), theta (absolute: g = -0.03, relative: g = -0.15), absolute alpha (g = -0.17), and beta (absolute: g = 0.01, relative: g = 0.08) power. Substantial heterogeneity in effect sizes was observed across all absolute (I: 36.1-81.9%) and relative (I: 64.6-84.4%) frequency bands. Moderator analyses revealed that age, biological sex, IQ, referencing scheme, epoch duration, and use of gold-standard autism diagnostic instruments did not moderate study effect sizes. In contrast, resting-state paradigm type (eyes-closed versus eyes-open) moderated absolute beta, relative delta, and relative alpha power effect sizes, and resting-state recording duration moderated relative alpha power effect sizes. These findings support further investigation of resting-state alpha and gamma power as potential biomarkers for autism.
Topics: Humans; Electroencephalography; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Autistic Disorder
PubMed: 38097538
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02681-2